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中部第104经 · 萨摩村经 Sāmagāmasuttaṃ

本经目录四、萨摩村经

41PTS 2.244缅 3.32已对照

四、萨摩村经

四十一、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在释迦[国]的萨摩村(Sāmagāma)。那时,尼乾陀·若提子(Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta)刚在波婆(Pāvā)命终。由于他的命终,诸尼乾陀分裂了,分成两派,起了纠纷、起了争吵、陷入争论,以口舌之矛互相刺戳而住——“你不了知这法与律,我了知这法与律,你哪能了知这法与律!你是邪行道者,我才是正行道者。我[所说]相应[义理],你[所说]不相应。应先说的你后说了,应后说的你先说了。你惯行的[主张]已被翻转,你的论已被举罪,你已被折伏;去为解脱你的论[设法]吧,若能够就解释开来!”在尼乾陀·若提子的门徒中,简直像是只有杀戮在进行。就连尼乾陀·若提子那些身着白衣的在家弟子,对尼乾陀·若提子的门徒们也显出厌离之相、离染之相、退避之相——正如对那恶说、恶宣说、不出离、不导向寂止、非正等正觉者所宣说、塔已破、无所依怙的法与律[所应有的那样]。

41. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati sāmagāme. Tena kho pana samayena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto [nāthaputto (sī. pī.)] pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato [kālakato (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] hoti. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā [dveḷhakajātā (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘‘na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi, ahaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāmi. Kiṃ tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānissasi! Micchāpaṭipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammāpaṭipanno. Sahitaṃ me, asahitaṃ te. Purevacanīyaṃ pacchā avaca, pacchāvacanīyaṃ pure avaca. Adhiciṇṇaṃ [aviciṇṇaṃ (sī. pī.)] te viparāvattaṃ. Āropito te vādo. Niggahitosi, cara vādappamokkhāya; nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosī’’ti. Vadhoyeva kho [vadhoyeveko (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] maññe nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu vattati. Yepi nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa sāvakā gihī odātavasanā tepi nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu nibbinnarūpā [nibbindarūpā (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] virattarūpā paṭivānarūpā yathā taṃ durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe.
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四十二、那时,纯陀沙弥(Cunda samaṇuddesa)在波婆度过雨安居之后,来到萨摩村具寿阿难之处;到了之后,礼敬具寿阿难,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的纯陀沙弥对具寿阿难这样说:“尊者,尼乾陀·若提子刚在波婆命终。由于他的命终,诸尼乾陀分裂了,分成两派……乃至……塔已破、无所依怙。”这样说时,具寿阿难对纯陀沙弥这样说:“贤友纯陀,这确是一件可以带去谒见世尊的谈话之资。来吧,贤友纯陀,我们去世尊之处;到了之后,把这件事禀告世尊。”“是的,尊者。”纯陀沙弥应诺具寿阿难。

42. Atha kho cundo samaṇuddeso pāvāyaṃ vassaṃvuṭṭho [vassaṃvuttho (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] yena sāmagāmo yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nigaṇṭho, bhante, nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā…pe… bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando cundaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi kho idaṃ, āvuso cunda, kathāpābhataṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Āyāma, āvuso cunda, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ bhagavato ārocessāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi.
PTS 2.245缅 3.33已对照

于是具寿阿难与纯陀沙弥一同来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说:“尊者,这位纯陀沙弥这样说:‘尊者,尼乾陀·若提子刚在波婆命终。由于他的命终,诸尼乾陀分裂了,分成两派……乃至……塔已破、无所依怙。’尊者,对此我这样想:‘但愿世尊去世之后,僧中不要生起诤论;那诤论会是为众人的不利益、为众人的不安乐,为广大人众、天与人的无义利、不利益与苦。’”

Atha kho āyasmā ca ānando cundo ca samaṇuddeso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, cundo samaṇuddeso evamāha – ‘nigaṇṭho, bhante, nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā…pe… bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘māheva bhagavato accayena saṅghe vivādo uppajji; svāssa [so (sī. pī.), svāyaṃ (ka.)] vivādo bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussāna’’’nti.
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四十三、“阿难,你认为怎样,凡是我以证智所教说的诸法,即:四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八支圣道——阿难,你见到在这些法上有哪怕两位比丘异说吗?”“尊者,凡是世尊以证智所教说的诸法,即:四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八支圣道——我不见在这些法上有哪怕两位比丘异说。然而,尊者,那些[如今]恭敬地依止世尊而住的人,他们在世尊去世之后,也可能会在僧中就活命或就波罗提木叉生起诤论;那诤论会是为众人的不利益、为众人的不安乐,为广大人众、天与人的无义利、不利益与苦。”“阿难,那诤论是微小的,即:就活命或就波罗提木叉[而起的]。阿难,因为若在僧中生起的诤论是就道或就行道而生起的,那诤论便会是为众人的不利益、为众人的不安乐,为广大人众、天与人的无义利、不利益与苦。

43. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ānanda, ye vo mayā dhammā abhiññā desitā, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, passasi no tvaṃ, ānanda, imesu dhammesu dvepi bhikkhū nānāvāde’’ti? ‘‘Ye me, bhante, dhammā bhagavatā abhiññā desitā, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, nāhaṃ passāmi imesu dhammesu dvepi bhikkhū nānāvāde. Ye ca kho [santi ca kho (syā. kaṃ.), santi ca (ka.)], bhante, puggalā bhagavantaṃ patissayamānarūpā viharanti tepi bhagavato accayena saṅghe vivādaṃ janeyyuṃ ajjhājīve vā adhipātimokkhe vā. Svāssa [sossa (sī. pī.), svāyaṃ (ka.)] vivādo bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussāna’’nti. Appamattako so, ānanda, vivādo yadidaṃ – ajjhājīve vā adhipātimokkhe vā. Magge vā hi, ānanda, paṭipadāya vā saṅghe vivādo uppajjamāno uppajjeyya; svāssa vivādo bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ.
44PTS 2.246缅 3.34已对照

四十四、“阿难,有这六种诤根。哪六种[诤根]呢?阿难,在此,比丘是忿怒者、怨恨者。阿难,凡是忿怒、怨恨的比丘,他对导师也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对法也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对僧也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对学也不作圆满。阿难,凡是对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住,对法……对僧不恭敬、不顺从而住,对学不作圆满的比丘,他便在僧中生起诤论;而所生的诤论是为众人的不利益、为众人的不安乐,为广大人众、天与人的无义利、不利益与苦。阿难,若你们于内或于外见到这样的诤根,阿难,你们就当为舍断这恶诤根而努力;阿难,若你们于内或于外不见这样的诤根,阿难,你们就当为使这恶诤根将来不再漏出而行道。这样,这恶诤根便得舍断;这样,这恶诤根将来便不再漏出。

44. ‘‘Chayimāni, ānanda, vivādamūlāni. Katamāni cha? Idhānanda, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī. Yo so, ānanda, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, ānanda, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme… saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāya na paripūrakārī hoti, so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti; yo hoti vivādo bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpañce tumhe, ānanda, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha, tatra tumhe, ānanda, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpañce tumhe, ānanda, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, ānanda, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti, evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti.
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四十五、“再者,阿难,比丘是覆蔑者、攀齐者……乃至……是嫉者、悭者……乃至……是谄者、诳者……乃至……是恶欲者、邪见者……乃至……是执取自见者、坚固执持者、难舍离者。阿难,凡是执取自见、坚固执持、难舍离的比丘,他对导师也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对法也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对僧也不恭敬、不顺从而住,对学也不作圆满。阿难,凡是对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住,对法……对僧……对学不作圆满的比丘,他便在僧中生起诤论;而所生的诤论是为众人的不利益、为众人的不安乐,为广大人众、天与人的无义利、不利益与苦。阿难,若你们于内或于外见到这样的诤根,阿难,你们就当为舍断这恶诤根而努力;阿难,若你们于内或于外不见这样的诤根,阿难,你们就当为使这恶诤根将来不再漏出而行道。这样,这恶诤根便得舍断;这样,这恶诤根将来便不再漏出。阿难,这就是六种诤根。

45. ‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu makkhī hoti paḷāsī…pe… issukī hoti maccharī…pe… saṭho hoti māyāvī…pe… pāpiccho hoti micchādiṭṭhi [micchādiṭṭhī (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] …pe… sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī. Yo so, ānanda, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, ānanda, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme… saṅghe… sikkhāya na paripūrakārī hoti so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti; yo hoti vivādo bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpañce tumhe, ānanda, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, ānanda, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpañce tumhe, ānanda, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha, tatra tumhe, ānanda, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti, evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti. Imāni kho, ānanda, cha vivādamūlāni.
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四十六、“阿难,有这四种诤事。哪四种[诤事]呢?诤论诤事、谤诤事、罪诤事、事务诤事——阿难,这就是四种诤事。阿难,又有这七种灭诤——为止息、寂静一再生起的诸诤事,应给予现前毗尼,应给予忆念毗尼,应给予不痴毗尼,应依自认而作,[应用]多人语,[应用]觅罪相,[应用]如草覆地。

46. ‘‘Cattārimāni, ānanda, adhikaraṇāni. Katamāni cattāri? Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ – imāni kho, ānanda, cattāri adhikaraṇāni. Satta kho panime, ānanda, adhikaraṇasamathā – uppannuppannānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ samathāya vūpasamāya sammukhāvinayo dātabbo, sativinayo dātabbo, amūḷhavinayo dātabbo, paṭiññāya kāretabbaṃ, yebhuyyasikā, tassapāpiyasikā, tiṇavatthārako.
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四十七、“阿难,如何是现前毗尼?阿难,在此,比丘们就‘是法’或‘是非法’、‘是律’或‘是非律’而诤论。阿难,那些比丘全体都应和合地集会。集会之后,应细察法的准绳。细察法的准绳之后,应依在那里所相合的那样,使那诤事寂静。阿难,如是而为现前毗尼;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以现前毗尼。

47. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, sammukhāvinayo hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhū vivadanti dhammoti vā adhammoti vā vinayoti vā avinayoti vā. Tehānanda, bhikkhūhi sabbeheva samaggehi sannipatitabbaṃ. Sannipatitvā dhammanetti samanumajjitabbā. Dhammanettiṃ samanumajjitvā yathā tattha sameti tathā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, sammukhāvinayo hoti; evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – sammukhāvinayena.
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四十八、“阿难,如何是多人语?阿难,若那些比丘不能在那住处使那诤事寂静,阿难,那些比丘应前往比丘较多的那个住处。在那里,全体都应和合地集会。集会之后,应细察法的准绳。细察法的准绳之后,应依在那里所相合的那样,使那诤事寂静。阿难,如是而为多人语;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以多人语。

48. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, yebhuyyasikā hoti? Te ce, ānanda, bhikkhū na sakkonti taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ tasmiṃ āvāse vūpasametuṃ. Tehānanda, bhikkhūhi yasmiṃ āvāse bahutarā bhikkhū so āvāso gantabbo. Tattha sabbeheva samaggehi sannipatitabbaṃ. Sannipatitvā dhammanetti samanumajjitabbā. Dhammanettiṃ samanumajjitvā yathā tattha sameti tathā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, yebhuyyasikā hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – yebhuyyasikāya.
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四十九、“阿难,如何是忆念毗尼?阿难,在此,比丘们以这样的重罪——以波罗夷或以近波罗夷[罪]——诘责一位比丘:‘具寿请回想,[你]可曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]?’他这样说:‘贤友,我不记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’阿难,应给予那位比丘忆念毗尼。阿难,如是而为忆念毗尼;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以忆念毗尼。

49. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, sativinayo hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ evarūpāya garukāya āpattiyā codenti pārājikena vā pārājikasāmantena vā – ‘saratāyasmā evarūpiṃ [evarūpaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.) evarūpāya-iti vuccamānavacanena sameti. vinayenapi saṃsandetabbaṃ] garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti? So evamāha – ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. Tassa kho [tassa kho evaṃ (sabbattha)], ānanda, bhikkhuno sativinayo dātabbo. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, sativinayo hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – sativinayena.
50缅 3.36已对照

五十、“阿难,如何是不痴毗尼?阿难,在此,比丘们以这样的重罪——以波罗夷或以近波罗夷[罪]——诘责一位比丘:‘具寿请回想,[你]可曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]?’(他这样说:‘贤友,我不记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’那[比丘]正在为自己开脱,他却进一步紧逼他:‘来,具寿,你好好地弄清楚,是否记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’)他这样说:‘贤友,我曾陷入疯狂、心的颠倒。我在那疯狂之时,越行了许多非沙门的[事],以语所说、以身所作。我不记得那[事]。那是我在痴迷中所作的。’阿难,应给予那位比丘不痴毗尼。阿难,如是而为不痴毗尼;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以不痴毗尼。

50. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, amūḷhavinayo hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ evarūpāya garukāya āpattiyā codenti pārājikena vā pārājikasāmantena vā – ‘saratāyasmā evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti? (So evamāha – ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. Tamenaṃ so nibbeṭhentaṃ ativeṭheti – ‘iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi yadi sarasi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti.) [( ) etthantare pāṭho cūḷava. 237 natthi tassapāpiyasikāvāreevetena bhavitabbaṃ] So evamāha – ‘ahaṃ kho, āvuso, ummādaṃ pāpuṇiṃ cetaso vipariyāsaṃ. Tena me ummattakena bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ ajjhāciṇṇaṃ bhāsitaparikkantaṃ [bhāsitaparikantaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Nāhaṃ taṃ sarāmi. Mūḷhena me etaṃ kata’nti. Tassa kho [tassa kho evaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)], ānanda, bhikkhuno amūḷhavinayo dātabbo. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, amūḷhavinayo hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – amūḷhavinayena.
51已对照

五十一、“阿难,如何是自认而作?阿难,在此,比丘无论被诘责或未被诘责,忆起罪,[便]开显、明示[它]。阿难,那位比丘应去到一位更年长的比丘处,把衣偏袒一肩,礼足,蹲坐,合掌,应对他这样说:‘尊者,我犯了某某罪,我发露它。’他这样说:‘你看见[它]吗?’‘是的,我看见。’‘今后你应防护。’(‘我会防护。’)阿难,如是而为自认而作;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以自认而作。

51. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhu codito vā acodito vā āpattiṃ sarati, vivarati uttānīkaroti [uttāniṃ karoti (ka.)]. Tena, ānanda, bhikkhunā vuḍḍhataraṃ bhikkhuṃ [vuḍḍhataro bhikkhu (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, itthannāmaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno, taṃ paṭidesemī’ti. So evamāha – ‘passasī’ti? ‘Āma passāmī’ti. ‘Āyatiṃ saṃvareyyāsī’ti. (‘Saṃvarissāmī’ti.) [( ) vinaye natthi] Evaṃ kho, ānanda, paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – paṭiññātakaraṇena.
52PTS 2.249缅 3.37已对照

五十二、“阿难,如何是觅罪相?阿难,在此,一位比丘以这样的重罪——以波罗夷或以近波罗夷[罪]——诘责一位比丘:‘具寿请回想,[你]可曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]?’他这样说:‘贤友,我不记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’那[比丘]正在为自己开脱,他却进一步紧逼他:‘来,具寿,你好好地弄清楚,是否记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’他这样说:‘贤友,我不记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪];然而,贤友,我记得曾犯过这样的微小的罪。’那[比丘]正在为自己开脱,他却进一步紧逼他:‘来,具寿,你好好地弄清楚,是否记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]?’他这样说:‘贤友,我犯了这样的微小的罪,未被问就会自认;何况我犯了这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]——被问时会不自认呢?’他这样说:‘贤友,你犯了这样的微小的罪,未被问都不自认;何况你犯了这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]——被问时会自认呢?来,具寿,你好好地弄清楚,是否记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’他这样说:‘贤友,我记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。我那[话]是仓促说的,是失口说的——[说]我不记得曾犯过这样的重罪——波罗夷或近波罗夷[罪]。’阿难,如是而为觅罪相;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以觅罪相。

52. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, tassapāpiyasikā hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ evarūpāya garukāya āpattiyā codeti pārājikena vā pārājikasāmantena vā – ‘saratāyasmā evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti? So evamāha – ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. Tamenaṃ so nibbeṭhentaṃ ativeṭheti – ‘iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi yadi sarasi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. So evamāha – ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā; sarāmi ca kho ahaṃ, āvuso, evarūpiṃ appamattikaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā’ti. Tamenaṃ so nibbeṭhentaṃ ativeṭheti – ‘iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi yadi sarasi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti? So evamāha – ‘imañhi nāmāhaṃ, āvuso, appamattikaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā apuṭṭho paṭijānissāmi. Kiṃ panāhaṃ evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā puṭṭho napaṭijānissāmī’ti? So evamāha – ‘imañhi nāma tvaṃ, āvuso, appamattikaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā apuṭṭho napaṭijānissasi, kiṃ pana tvaṃ evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā puṭṭho [apuṭṭho (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] paṭijānissasi? Iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi yadi sarasi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. So evamāha – ‘sarāmi kho ahaṃ, āvuso, evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā. Davā me etaṃ vuttaṃ, ravā me etaṃ vuttaṃ – nāhaṃ taṃ sarāmi evarūpiṃ garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitā pārājikaṃ vā pārājikasāmantaṃ vā’ti. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, tassapāpiyasikā hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – tassapāpiyasikāya.
53PTS 2.250已对照

五十三、“阿难,如何是如草覆地?阿难,在此,比丘们起了纠纷、起了争吵、陷入争论而住时,越行了许多非沙门的[事],以语所说、以身所作。阿难,那些比丘全体都应和合地集会。集会之后,一方的比丘中,应由一位明达的比丘从座而起,把衣偏袒一肩,合掌,告知僧团:

53. ‘‘Kathañcānanda, tiṇavatthārako hoti? Idhānanda, bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ viharataṃ bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ ajjhāciṇṇaṃ hoti bhāsitaparikkantaṃ. Tehānanda, bhikkhūhi sabbeheva samaggehi sannipatitabbaṃ. Sannipatitvā ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ byattena [byattatarena (sī. pī. ka.)] bhikkhunā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā añjaliṃ paṇāmetvā saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
缅 3.38已对照

‘尊者们,请僧团听我说:我们起了纠纷、起了争吵、陷入争论而住时,越行了许多非沙门的[事],以语所说、以身所作。若僧团时机已至,我愿为了这些具寿的义利与我自己的义利,把这些具寿的罪与我自己的罪,在僧团中以如草覆地[的方式]发露——除去粗罪,除去与在家人相关[之罪]。’”

‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Idaṃ amhākaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ viharataṃ bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ ajjhāciṇṇaṃ bhāsitaparikkantaṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ yā ceva imesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ āpatti yā ca attano āpatti, imesañceva āyasmantānaṃ atthāya attano ca atthāya, saṅghamajjhe tiṇavatthārakena deseyyaṃ, ṭhapetvā thullavajjaṃ ṭhapetvā gihipaṭisaṃyutta’’’nti.
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“然后另一方的比丘中,应由一位明达的比丘从座而起,把衣偏袒一肩,合掌,告知僧团:

‘‘Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ byattena bhikkhunā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā añjaliṃ paṇāmetvā saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
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‘尊者们,请僧团听我说:我们起了纠纷、起了争吵、陷入争论而住时,越行了许多非沙门的[事],以语所说、以身所作。若僧团时机已至,我愿为了这些具寿的义利与我自己的义利,把这些具寿的罪与我自己的罪,在僧团中以如草覆地[的方式]发露——除去粗罪,除去与在家人相关[之罪]。’”

‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Idaṃ amhākaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ viharataṃ bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ ajjhāciṇṇaṃ bhāsitaparikkantaṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ yā ceva imesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ āpatti yā ca attano āpatti, imesañceva āyasmantānaṃ atthāya attano ca atthāya, saṅghamajjhe tiṇavatthārakena deseyyaṃ, ṭhapetvā thullavajjaṃ ṭhapetvā gihipaṭisaṃyutta’’’nti.
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“阿难,如是而为如草覆地;而在此,某些诤事是如是得寂静的,即:以如草覆地。

‘‘Evaṃ kho, ānanda, tiṇavatthārako hoti, evañca panidhekaccānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ vūpasamo hoti yadidaṃ – tiṇavatthārakena.
54PTS 2.251缅 3.39已对照

五十四、“阿难,有这六种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。哪六种[法]呢?阿难,在此,比丘对诸同梵行者,于显处与屏处都现起慈的身业。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“再者,阿难,比丘对诸同梵行者,于显处与屏处都现起慈的语业。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“再者,阿难,比丘对诸同梵行者,于显处与屏处都现起慈的意业。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“再者,阿难,比丘凡是如法所得、依法而得的利养,甚至只是钵中所受的[一份],对这样的利养也不别藏独享,而与具戒的诸同梵行者共同受用。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“再者,阿难,比丘对于那些无毁、无穿、无斑、无杂、自在、智者所赞、不被执取、导向定的诸戒,于这样的诸戒中与诸同梵行者一同住于戒的共同,于显处与屏处皆然。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“再者,阿难,比丘对于那圣的、能出离的、能令依之而行者正尽苦的见,于这样的见中与诸同梵行者一同住于见的共同,于显处与屏处皆然。这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。阿难,这就是六种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。

“阿难,若你们受持这六种可念法而行,阿难,你们还看得到有哪一种语路,或细或粗,是你们所不能忍受的吗?”“不是的,尊者。”“因此,阿难,你们要受持这六种可念法而行。那将使你们长夜得利益、得安乐。”

世尊说了这[番话]。具寿阿难满意、欢喜世尊之所说。

54. ‘‘Chayime, ānanda, dhammā sāraṇīyā piyakaraṇā garukaraṇā saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattanti. Katame cha? Idhānanda, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu – ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi tathārūpehi lābhehi – apaṭivibhattabhogī hoti, sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu – yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni tathārūpesu sīlesu – sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu – yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayā tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā – diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, ānanda, cha sāraṇīyā dhammā piyakaraṇā garukaraṇā saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattanti.
‘‘Ime ce tumhe, ānanda, cha sāraṇīye dhamme samādāya vatteyyātha, passatha no tumhe, ānanda, taṃ vacanapathaṃ aṇuṃ vā thūlaṃ vā yaṃ tumhe nādhivāseyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātihānanda, ime cha sāraṇīye dhamme samādāya vattatha. Taṃ vo bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Sāmagāmasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.
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《萨摩村经》终,[《天湖品》中之]第四[经]。