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中部第144经 · 阐陀教诫经 Channovādasuttaṃ

本经目录二、阐陀教诫经

389PTS 3.264缅 3.308已对照

二、阐陀教诫经

三八九、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha)竹林(Veḷuvana)迦兰陀园(Kalandakanivāpa)。那时,具寿舍利弗(Sāriputta)、具寿大纯陀(Mahācunda)与具寿阐陀(Channa)住在灵鹫山(Gijjhakūṭa)。那时,具寿阐陀生病、痛苦、重病缠身。于是,具寿舍利弗于傍晚时分从静坐起身,来到具寿大纯陀之处;到了之后,对具寿大纯陀这样说——“纯陀贤友,来,我们前往具寿阐陀那里探病。”“是的,贤友。”具寿大纯陀应诺了具寿舍利弗。

于是,具寿舍利弗与具寿大纯陀来到具寿阐陀之处;到了之后,与具寿阐陀互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿舍利弗对具寿阐陀这样说——“阐陀贤友,你可还堪忍?可还得以维持?苦受是否在消退而不在加剧?是否显出它们的消退,而不显出加剧?”

“舍利弗贤友,我不堪忍,不得以维持;我强烈的苦受在加剧而不在消退;显出它们的加剧,而不显出消退。舍利弗贤友,犹如强力之人用锐利的尖器钻搅头顶,舍利弗贤友,正是这样,猛烈的风搅击着我的头顶。舍利弗贤友,我不堪忍,不得以维持;我强烈的苦受在加剧而不在消退;显出它们的加剧,而不显出消退。舍利弗贤友,犹如强力之人用坚韧的皮带在头上给[人]缠头之刑,舍利弗贤友,正是这样,我头上有猛烈的头痛。舍利弗贤友,我不堪忍,不得以维持;我强烈的苦受在加剧而不在消退;显出它们的加剧,而不显出消退。舍利弗贤友,犹如熟练的屠牛者或屠牛者的弟子用锐利的屠牛刀绞割腹部,舍利弗贤友,正是这样,猛烈的风绞割着我的腹部。舍利弗贤友,我不堪忍,不得以维持;我强烈的苦受在加剧而不在消退;显出它们的加剧,而不显出消退。舍利弗贤友,犹如两个强力之人抓住较弱之人的两臂,在炭火坑上炙烤、遍炙烤[他],舍利弗贤友,正是这样,我身中有猛烈的烧灼。舍利弗贤友,我不堪忍,不得以维持;我强烈的苦受在加剧而不在消退;显出它们的加剧,而不显出消退。舍利弗贤友,我要用刀[自尽],我不希求活命。”

389. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi.
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā channena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti?
‘‘Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvita’’nti.
390已对照

三九〇、“请具寿阐陀不要用刀[自尽]。请具寿阐陀维持下去,我们希望具寿阐陀维持下去。若具寿阐陀没有适宜的食物,我将为具寿阐陀寻求适宜的食物;若具寿阐陀没有适宜的药物,我将为具寿阐陀寻求适宜的药物;若具寿阐陀没有合适的侍者,我将侍候具寿阐陀。请具寿阐陀不要用刀[自尽]。请具寿阐陀维持下去,我们希望具寿阐陀维持下去。”

390. ‘‘Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā’’ti.
缅 3.309已对照

“舍利弗贤友,我并非没有适宜的食物;我也并非没有适宜的药物;我也并非没有合适的侍者。而且,舍利弗贤友,导师已长久地被我以可意[的方式]侍奉,而不是以不可意[的方式]。舍利弗贤友,因为这对弟子是合适的:以可意[的方式]侍奉导师,而不以不可意[的方式]。‘阐陀比丘将无可非难地用刀[自尽]’——舍利弗贤友,你要这样记住。”“我们想请问具寿阐陀某一要点,如果具寿阐陀给[我们]机会解答问题的话。”“舍利弗贤友,问吧,听了我才会知道。”

‘‘Napi me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; api cāvuso sāriputta, pariciṇṇo me satthā dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva no amanāpena. Etañhi, āvuso sāriputta, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva no amanāpena. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti evametaṃ [evameva kho tvaṃ (ka.)], āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti. ‘‘Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti. ‘‘Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmī’’ti.
391PTS 3.265已对照

三九一、“阐陀贤友,你是否随观眼、眼识、眼识所识知的诸法为:‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’?阐陀贤友,耳、耳识……乃至……阐陀贤友,鼻、鼻识……阐陀贤友,舌、舌识……阐陀贤友,身、身识……阐陀贤友,你是否随观意、意识、意识所识知的诸法为:‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’?”

391. ‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotaṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇaṃ… jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ … kāyaṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇaṃ… manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
已对照

“舍利弗贤友,我随观眼、眼识、眼识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’。舍利弗贤友,耳……乃至……舍利弗贤友,鼻……舍利弗贤友,舌……舍利弗贤友,身……舍利弗贤友,我随观意、意识、意识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’。”

‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotaṃ, āvuso sāriputta…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… kāyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
392已对照

三九二、“阐陀贤友,你在眼中、在眼识中、在眼识所识知的诸法中见到了什么、证知了什么,而随观眼、眼识、眼识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’?阐陀贤友,在耳中、在耳识中……阐陀贤友,在鼻中、在鼻识中……阐陀贤友,在舌中、在舌识中……阐陀贤友,在身中、在身识中……阐陀贤友,你在意中、在意识中、在意识所识知的诸法中见到了什么、证知了什么,而随观意、意识、意识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’?”

392. ‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotasmiṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇe … ghānasmiṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
PTS 3.266缅 3.310已对照

“舍利弗贤友,我在眼中、在眼识中、在眼识所识知的诸法中见到了灭、证知了灭,而随观眼、眼识、眼识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’。舍利弗贤友,在耳中、在耳识中……舍利弗贤友,在鼻中、在鼻识中……舍利弗贤友,在舌中、在舌识中……舍利弗贤友,在身中、在身识中……舍利弗贤友,我在意中、在意识中、在意识所识知的诸法中见到了灭、证知了灭,而随观意、意识、意识所识知的诸法为:‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’。”

‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, sotaviññāṇe… ghānasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññā manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
393已对照

三九三、这样说时,具寿大纯陀对具寿阐陀这样说——“所以,阐陀贤友,那位世尊的这一教法也应常时作意:‘有依者有动摇,无依者无动摇。动摇不存在时,有轻安;轻安存在时,无倾向;倾向不存在时,无来去;来去不存在时,无死生;死生不存在时,[便]不在此处、不在他处、也不在两者之中间。这就是苦的终结。’”于是,具寿舍利弗与具寿大纯陀以这番教诫教诫了具寿阐陀之后,从座而起,离去了。

393. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ [vacanaṃ (sī.)], niccakappaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ – ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
394缅 3.311已对照

三九四、于是,具寿舍利弗与具寿大纯陀离去不久,具寿阐陀便用刀[自尽]了。于是,具寿舍利弗来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿舍利弗对世尊这样说——“尊者,具寿阐陀已用刀[自尽]了。他的趣是什么?他的来世如何?”“舍利弗,阐陀比丘不是就在你面前宣说了无可非难性吗?”“尊者,有一个名叫本阇罗(Pubbajira)的跋耆村,在那里,具寿阐陀有友家、知心之家、可往访之家(upavajjakula)。”“舍利弗,这些确是阐陀比丘的友家、知心之家、可往访之家。舍利弗,但我并不仅凭这一点就说[他]是有可非难的(saupavajja)。舍利弗,凡舍弃这个身而又执取另一个身者,我说他是有可非难的。阐陀比丘没有那[种情形]。‘阐陀比丘无可非难地用刀[自尽]了’——舍利弗,你要这样记住。”

世尊说了这[番话]。具寿舍利弗满意、欢喜世尊之所说。

394. Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca mahācunde satthaṃ āharesi. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi, bhante, pubbajiraṃ [pappajitañhitaṃ (ka.), upavajjitaṃ (ka.), pubbavijjanaṃ, pubbavijjhanaṃ, pubbaviciraṃ (saṃyuttake)] nāma vajjigāmo. Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī’’ti. ‘‘Honti [posanti (ka.)] hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. Nāhaṃ, sāriputta, ettāvatā ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Yo kho, sāriputta, imañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati tamahaṃ ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. ‘Anupavajjo channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharesī’ti evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Channovādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.
已对照

《阐陀教诫经》终,[《六处品》中之]第二[经]。