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相应部 · 有偈品篇首:序论与相应题

本经目录经文义注复注

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经文

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有偈品

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二、天子相应

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三、憍萨罗相应

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四、魔相应

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五、比丘尼相应

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六、梵天相应

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七、婆罗门相应

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八、婆耆舍相应

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九、林相应

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十、夜叉相应

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十一、帝释相应

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义注

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有偈品义注

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序论

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二、天子相应

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三、憍萨罗相应

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四、魔相应

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五、比丘尼相应

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六、梵天相应

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七、婆罗门相应

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八、婆耆舍相应

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九、林相应

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十、夜叉相应

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十一、帝释相应

PTS 1.1缅 1.1已对照篇首

序论

[他]心因悲而清凉,以慧灯破除了痴暗;

[他是]含人与天之世间的尊重者——我礼敬已解脱诸趣的善逝(sugata)。

佛陀也是既修习了[那法]、又现证了[它],

才趣得[佛的境界]的——我礼敬那离垢的、无上的法。

善逝的诸胸生之子,[他们]是破魔军者——

那八[辈]之聚,我以头礼敬[之],[即]圣僧团。

如是,由我这心意净信者[所作]的、由礼敬三宝所成的那份福——

愿以它的威力,[令我]成为障碍善除者,

[而]以诸相应品所庄严的、殊胜的《相应部》(saṃyuttāgama)——

[即]为佛与随佛觉者所赞述的、能生智之分别的[那部阿含]——

为显明[其]义,最初由诸得自在者(vasī)之百——

[即]五百[位]——所结集、后来也[于第二、第三次结集中]被随结集的那部义注,

由得自在者马哈玛欣德(Mahāmahinda)带到了师子洲(Sīhaḷadīpa),

为诸洲住民的利益,以师子洲语(sīhaḷabhāsā)安立了下来。

我从那[义注]中除去师子洲语,[而将它]升入悦意之语(manoramā bhāsā)——

[升入那]契合圣典(tanti)之法则、离于过失的[语];

[并]不违背诸长老的宗义(samaya)——[他们]是长老世系的明灯、

抉择极为精微、住于大寺(Mahāvihāra)者;

舍去一再重来之义,我将显明[其]义,

为令善人欢喜,并为令法久住。

舍卫城等诸城的解说,前面已经由我作过了——

[那是]我在说二结集(saṅgīti)之义时[所作],

以广说的方式[作的];以及在那里所说的那些故事(vatthu)——

对那些[故事],我在此也不再多作广说了。

然而诸经之义中,凡不借诸故事便不得显明者——

为显明它们,我也将出示诸故事。

戒论、头陀法(dhutadhamma),以及一切业处,

连同性行(cariyā)之分判,[以及]禅与等至的广说;

以及一切神通(abhiññā),还有慧的合计与抉择;

蕴、界、处、根,以及那四圣[谛]——

[即诸]谛,[与]缘之行相(paccayākāra)的教说,[其]理趣极清净而精微;

不离圣典之道,以及毗婆舍那(vipassanā)的修习——

然而这一切,由于已由我在《清净道论》(Visuddhimagga)中极为清净地

说过了,所以在此[义注中]不再多加论究它。

「此《清净道论》,正处于四阿含之中央,

[它]将住[于其中]而显明那里如所说之义。」

[《清净道论》]正是这样造成的,所以你们应把它也取来,连同这部

义注[《显扬真义》(Sāratthappakāsinī)]一起,了知依于相应部之义。

Ganthārambhakathā
Karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ;
Sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.
Buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā ceva sacchikatvā ca;
Yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tamanuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.
Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasenamathanānaṃ;
Aṭṭhannampi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.
Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvena.
Saṃyuttavaggapaṭimaṇḍitassa, saṃyuttaāgamavarassa;
Buddhānubuddhasaṃvaṇṇitassa, ñāṇappabhedajananassa.
Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;
Pañcahi yā saṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpi.
Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābhatātha, vasinā mahāmahindena;
Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.
Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ.
Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ.
Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ, atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi;
Sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ, ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassa.
Sāvatthipabhūtīnaṃ, nagarānaṃ vaṇṇanā katā heṭṭhā;
Saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnaṃ, yā me atthaṃ vadantena.
Vitthāravasena sudaṃ, vatthūni ca yāni tattha vuttāni;
Tesampi na idha bhiyyo, vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi.
Suttānaṃ pana atthā, na vinā vatthūhi ye pakāsanti;
Tesaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ, vatthūnipi dassayissāmi.
Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni;
Cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro.
Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo ceva;
Khandhādhātāyatanindriyāni, ariyāni ceva cattāri.
Saccāni paccayākāradesanā, suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;
Avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanābhāvanā ceva.
Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmi.
‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ’’.
Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;
Aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, saṃyuttavinissitaṃ atthanti.
1. Devatāsaṃyuttaṃ
1. Naḷavaggo
2. Nandanavaggo
3. Sattivaggo
4. Satullapakāyikavaggo
5. Ādittavaggo
6. Jarāvaggo
7. Addhavaggo
8. Chetvāvaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Anāthapiṇḍikavaggo
3. Nānātitthiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. Arahantavaggo
2. Upāsakavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo
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复注

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有偈品复注

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序论的解释

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二、天子相应

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三、憍萨罗相应

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四、魔相应

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五、比丘尼相应

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六、梵天相应

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七、婆罗门相应

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八、婆耆舍相应

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九、林相应

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十、夜叉相应

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十一、帝释相应

1缅 1.1已对照

序论释义

一、于释义之初[所作]的礼敬三宝,是为了通告所应释义之法的来源与所依之清净;而那[通告],是为了在诸法义的释义中令有智者生起敬重;而那[敬重],是为了以他们依受学(uggahaṇa)、忆持(dhāraṇa)等次第所应得的正行道,成办一切利益与安乐。或者:由是吉祥之事,由于在一切作业中是先行之事,由是诸贤者所行之事,又由于令未来的他人随学[其]所见,[故]于释义中[有]礼敬三宝之作业。或者:作礼敬三宝,是为了生起供养所应供养者[而得]的殊胜之福;而那[福],是为了给自己那以如所得之成就为因的业添以力,又为了使那[业]在中途不致退缩;而这两者,都是为了令义注无有障碍地圆满完成——阿阇梨于此所意趣的正是这一用意。正因如此,[他]下文将说:「如是,由我这心意净信者……乃至……以它的威力」。因为供养三事,由于成就了无上的福田,是威力不可量度的殊胜之福,所以纵在有种种障碍的世间共住中,[它]也足以摧破那系着障碍的一切杂染,并能遮止怖畏等灾患。如所说:「供养应供养者……」等(《法句》195;《譬喻·长老譬喻》1.10.1),又如「诸比丘,凡对佛陀有净信者,即是对最上者有净信;而对最上者有净信者,其异熟也是最上的」等(《如是语》90)。

「称说『佛陀』者,其身中所生的那份喜——

那份喜确是更为殊胜,纵以整个阎浮提[之所有相比亦然];

[称说]『法』者……乃至……[称说]『僧』者……乃至……[纵以]整个阎浮提[之所有相比亦然]。」(《长部义注》1.6)

又如「摩诃那摩(Mahānāma),当圣弟子随念如来时,那时他的心不被贪所缠缚,不被瞋……乃至……不被痴所缠缚」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11);以及「[你们]在林野中、或在树下……乃至……便不会有怖畏、惊愕或身毛竖立」(《相应部》1.249)。

此中,[阿阇梨]为显示他所欲礼敬的那三事与殊胜功德相应,才以「心因悲而清凉」等语说了三偈。因为由与殊胜功德相应而有应受礼敬之性;而对应受礼敬者所作的礼敬,才能成办如所意趣的用意。此中,[阿阇梨]所欲释义的那一教说,既不像律之教说那样以悲为主,也不像阿毗达摩之教说那样以慧为主,而是以悲与慧二者为主;所以,为了首先就以那二者为主[之义]而作对正等正觉者的称扬——因其余诸宝以彼为根本——才说了「心因悲而清凉」等语。此中,[它能]散[他人之苦],故为「悲(karuṇā)」,义即驱散、除去他人之苦。或者,[它能]伤[具悲者],故为「悲」,义即他人有苦时,[它]伤害、逼迫具悲者。或者:他人有苦时,[它]令善人震动、令[其]心中痛楚,故为「悲」。或者:「kam」是乐,[它]遮阻那[乐],故为「悲」。因为这[悲]以欲除他人之苦为相,由于不顾自乐,[它]遮阻、障碍具悲者的乐——此是其义。因悲而清凉[即]「因悲而清凉」;他有那因悲而清凉的心,故为「心因悲而清凉者」;[礼敬]那「心因悲而清凉者」。

此中,虽然慈与喜——由于以为他人带来利益、[令其]乐等不退失为其自性,又由于与瞋恚(byāpāda)、不乐(arati)正相反对,[故]依断除众生相续中的热恼这一行相而转起——也可得为心清凉之因;然而唯有悲,以除他人之苦这一行相而转起、以不堪他人受苦为味、[即]成为不害,才格外是世尊心之清凉的因,犹如心轻安(cittapassaddhi)[之于心]一般。[阿阇梨]故说「心因悲而清凉」。或者应知:[阿阇梨]是以悲为门,把慈与喜也说为心清凉之因。

或者:悲——[它]是六不共智(cha asādhāraṇañāṇa)殊胜[功德]的系属所在,由于遍及自境而格外[广大]、又无所余,犹如一切知智[那样],[从而]达于大悲之性——正是这[悲]格外地是世尊心清凉之因,[阿阇梨]故说「心因悲而清凉」。

或者:慈与喜纵然也系着于格外的心清凉之性,然而由于[悲]是一切佛德殊胜[功德]之因,故亦为那[慈喜]之因——[所以]唯悲被说为世尊「心清凉之因」。因为一切佛德皆以悲为因缘:世尊以悲之威力令轮回之苦热得以息灭,[他]由于欲除他人之苦,纵经数阿僧祇劫也毫无疲厌之相,决定要圆满积集无余的成佛之法,又已证得法之增上;所以纵使那些由众生之聚所招来的、足以令心热恼的因缘现前,[他]心之清凉也不曾有丝毫的变异。又应知:在这一义的分说中,世尊于三位(avatthā)中的悲都被收摄了。

[它能]了知,故为「慧(paññā)」,义即以种种方式如自性而通达。慧本身由于断除所知障(ñeyyāvaraṇa),以种种方式照明诸法自性之义,[故]即是「灯(pajjota)」,[故为]「慧灯」。由于是连同习气而断(savāsanappahāna),[故]被格外地破除、拔除,[即]「破除(vihata)」。以慧灯而被破除[即]「以慧灯破除」。[人们]以它而迷,或它自身迷,或那[法]唯是迷本身,故为「痴(moha)」,即无明。也正是它,由于遮蔽境之自性,与黑暗相似,犹如暗,故为「暗(tamo)」。他有那以慧灯所破除的痴暗,故为「以慧灯破除了痴暗者」;[礼敬]那「以慧灯破除了痴暗者」。因为一切漏尽者虽然都以慧灯破除了无明之暗,然而正如见至者(diṭṭhippatta)[的烦恼断除]与依信而胜解者(saddhādhimutta)[的]有别,正等正觉者的烦恼断除也由于是连同习气而断,与诸声闻及诸独觉佛[的]有别;所以[阿阇梨]是以格外的断无明来称扬世尊,才说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。

或者:由于不待他人教示便在自己的相续中生起无明暗的毕竟除去,又由于证得了一切知性与于诸力中的自在之性,并且由于以殊胜说法之威力在他人的相续中也善加生起了那[除暗]——所以唯世尊格外应以除去痴暗而受称扬,[阿阇梨]故说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。又应知:在这一义的分说中,以「慧灯」一语,世尊的通达慧与说法慧都依通说、或依「余一(ekasesa)」之法而被收摄了。

或者:由于世尊的智以所知为边际,[他]以那能觉悟一切所知法自性的、称为无障碍智(anāvaraṇañāṇa)的慧灯,摧破了遮蔽一切所知法自性的痴暗;[如是]世尊的灭痴暗是不共他人的——就此而说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。而此中应知:由于无障碍智是在摧破痴暗之后[才]证得的,[故]依因之假说(kāraṇūpacāra),[说]无障碍智在自相续中[是]摧破痴暗。因为由发愿(abhinīhāra)之成就,诸烦恼的连同习气而断正是所知障的断除;而在他人的相续中,[无障碍智]由于是摧破痴暗之因,[故]依果之假说(phalūpacāra),无障碍智被说为「摧破痴暗」。

[设难:]那么,是什么缘故,唯把拔除无明这一事依断之成就而取作称扬世尊的因缘,而不[取]格外的、无余的断烦恼呢?——[通释:]因为以说那[无明]之断,由于[诸烦恼]与它同处,一切杂染之聚的拔除也就被显明了。因为并没有这样一种烦恼,是不由无余地断无明而被断的。

或者:正如明是一切善法生起[之主因],无明也是一切不善法生起与轮回转起的主因;所以以说破除那[无明],一切杂染之聚的拔除也就已被说了——[故]说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。

人与天(amara,字面为「不死者」)[合称]「人与天(narāmarā)」;与人及天俱,故为「含人与天的(sanarāmara)」;既是含人与天的、又是世间,故为「含人与天之世间」;[他是]那[世间]的尊重者,故为「含人与天之世间的尊重者」;[礼敬]那「含人与天之世间的尊重者」。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:世尊如对诸天与人那样,对其余众生也随其所应带来殊胜功德,[故]有益于[他们]。而此中不应诘责[何为]主、[何为]非主。因为语之次第(saddakkama)是一事,义之次第(atthakkama)是另一事。因为在这样的复合词中,主要者也会像非主要者那样被指示,犹如「含王之众(sarājikā parisā)」(《譬喻义注》1.1.82)那样。此中虽然世间依众生、行与空间[之别]而有三种,然而由于所意趣的是尊重之性,故应唯依能作尊重的众生世间而取义。因为「诸福与非福及其异熟于此处被见」,故那[众生世间]被称为「世间(loka)」。而此中以取「天(amara)」,所意趣的是生天(upapattideva)。

或者,「世间(loka)」一语[取]聚之义——[即]依集聚而被见、被施设。与人俱,故为「含人的(sanarā)」;既是含人的、又是天,故为「含人之天(sanarāmarā)」;[彼是]他们的世间,故为「含人与天之世间」——应依前面的方式配合。而此中以「天(amara)」一语,清净天(visuddhideva)也被收摄了;因为他们由于无有死,就真实义而言[确是]「不死者」。[至于]唯取人与天,是依就胜者而说(ukkaṭṭhaniddesa),犹如「天与人之师」(《长部》1.157)那样。正因如此:由于[他具]以遣除一切无益为前导的、专致于安排无余的利益与安乐的、无上的行持之成就,由于[他]对连同诸天的人众毕竟有益,又由于[他]具足不可量度、无可比拟的威力与殊胜功德——世尊是一切众生中最上者,是无量世界界中无量众生的最上尊重之处。故说「含人与天之世间的尊重者」。

他的所往、[即]行走是美好的,故为「善逝(sugata)」。因为世尊往趣所化之人,由于必定成办他们的利益与安乐,[故是]美好的;同样,由于[他的]色身以[大丈夫]相与随好(lakkhaṇānubyañjana)所庄严,[他的]身之行走离于急速、迟缓、踬跌、拖行、重压、蹲行、歪斜、杂乱等诸过失,[反]令王鹅、牛王、龙象与兽王之行走相形失色;而[他的]智之行走,则以广大无垢的悲、念、精进等殊胜功德为伴,从发愿直至大菩提皆无可责难——[故]正是美好的。

或者:[他]以自生智(sayambhūñāṇa)依遍知现观(pariññābhisamaya)而遍知整个世间,[即]以智善往、[即]善知,故为「善逝」;同样,[他]依断现观而断世间之集,令[它]成为不再生起之法,[即]善往、[即]超越,故为「善逝」;[他]依现证现观而善往、[即]证得世间之灭[即]涅槃,故为「善逝」;[他]依修习现观而善往、[即]行道于趣向世间之灭的行道,故为「善逝」。此义应依「凡以须陀洹道所断的诸烦恼,[他]不再向那些烦恼,不再返回,不再回来,故为『善逝』」等方式(《大义释》38)而阐明。

或者:[他]往、[即]证得美好之处、[即]正等菩提,或[即]涅槃,故为「善逝」。又或者:由于[他]所说之法是真实的、如实的、与义相应的,并且对诸所化者随其所应而正合于时,所以[他]善说、[即]善言,故为「善逝(sugata)」——[这]是把 da 字作成 ta 字[而成]。如是,由行走美好之性等[义]而为「善逝」;[礼敬]那「善逝」。

由于[众生]依福与非福而生[于其中]、[故]应往,[故为]「诸趣(gatiyo)」,即生有之差别。而它们依地狱等而有五种。由于[世尊]以证得圣道,令一切趣有之业成为不堪有异熟,从而遮止了它们;所以世尊从五趣中都善为解脱、离系,[阿阇梨]故说「已解脱诸趣」。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示世尊不摄属于任何[趣],因此世尊被称为「天中天(devātideva)」。故说——

「凭它我会生为天,或成为空行的乾闼婆(gandhabba);

凭它我会趣于夜叉之身,或来到人之身——

我那些漏已尽、已破坏、已除根。」(《增支部》4.36)

因为能招致各各趣的业与烦恼,[世尊]已以最上道就在菩提树下善为断除,所以世尊不摄属于诸趣;[故]世尊从一切有、生、趣、识住、众生居与众生类中毕竟善为解脱。[礼敬]那「已解脱诸趣」[者]。「我礼敬(vande)」者:义即我敬礼,或我称扬。

或者,「已解脱诸趣」[一语]是以证得无余涅槃界而称扬世尊。因为此中应知对世尊的称扬有二种行相,[即]依自利之成就与依他利之行道。其中,自利之成就应依证得无障碍智、毕竟断除连同习气的一切烦恼、以及证得无余涅槃而知。他利之行道[应依]:[他]心不顾利养恭敬等而教说出离一切苦之法,又依于[他]对违逆者也恒以利益为意向、[静待其]智成熟之时来到[而知]。而此中,他利之行道依意向(āsaya)与依行持(payoga)[而]有二种,自利之成就[则]有三种,[皆]被显明了。如何[显明]呢?以「心因悲而清凉」[一语,显明了]依意向的他利之行道;以取「善说」义的「善逝」一语,[显明了]依行持的他利之行道;以「以慧灯破除了痴暗」、「已解脱诸趣」这[二语],以及以取通达四谛义的「善逝」一语,[显明了]三种自利之成就;以取其余诸义的那[「善逝」一语]与「以慧灯破除了痴暗」一语,[则]一切自利之成就与他利之行道都被显明了。

或者,应知对世尊的称扬有三种行相——依因、依果与依利益。此中,因是大悲,它以第一句被显示了。果有四种:智之成就、断之成就、威力之成就与色身之成就。其中,智与断之成就以第二句、以及以取通达[四]谛义的「善逝」一语被显明;威力之成就[则]以第三句[被显明];色身之成就以取如上所说身之行走美好义的「善逝」一语[被显明]——因为离于相与随好的圆满便无有那[美好]。利益,[即]不作内外之别、以三乘之门而[作]解脱法的教说。应知它以取「善说」义的「善逝」一语被显明。

此中,以「心因悲而清凉」一语,[阿阇梨]显示正等菩提之根本。因为世尊意为大悲所激发,为把众生从轮回泥中救出而作了发愿,次第圆满诸波罗蜜,[从而]证得无上正等菩提——故悲是正等菩提之根本。以「以慧灯破除了痴暗」一语,[阿阇梨]显示正等菩提。因为以无障碍智为近因的道智,与以道智为近因的无障碍智,[二者]被称为「正等菩提」。以取「善往」义的「善逝」一语,[阿阇梨]显示正等菩提之行道;因为「善逝」一语显明了那离于退缩与掉举、执住与努力(āyūhana)、耽于欲乐与自苦勤修、常见与断见之深入等两边的、为悲与慧所摄持的中道行。以其余[诸语,阿阇梨]显示正等菩提的、有主与非主之别的用意。因为此中,把众生从轮回大暴流中渡过是主要的用意,其余[的]是非主要的。其中,以主要者[阿阇梨]显示他利之行道,以其余者[显示]自利之成就;以二者[则]显示:在「为自利而行道」等四种人中,世尊是第四种人。并以此显示[世尊]是无上应奉施者、是最上应受礼敬者,又是自己礼敬之业所趣的[福]田。

而此中,以取「悲」,由于显明了世间[法]中达于广大之性的不共功德,世尊一切世间功德之成就便被显示了;以取「慧」,由于显明了以一切知智为近因的道智,[便显示了]一切出世间功德之成就。因为由取此二者所成之义,[阿阇梨]以「含人与天之世间的尊重者」等语加以详说。又以取「悲」,[阿阇梨]显示无随烦恼的亲近;以取「慧」,[显示]远离。同样,以取「悲」,[阿阇梨]显示世尊随顺世间称号(samaññā)的转起——因为悲以世俗通称(vohāra)为境;以取「慧」,[显示]不超越称号。因为由不觉悟诸法的自性,才有超越称号而执取众生等[之事]。同样,以取「悲」,[阿阇梨]显示大悲等至住;以取「慧」,[显示]于三时无所障碍之智、四谛智、四无碍解智、四无畏智;[又]由于以取「悲」已取了大悲等至智,[故以取「慧」]依其余诸不共智、六神通、于八众中不动之智、十力、十四佛智、十六智行、十八佛法、四十四智事、七十七智事等等众多慧之分别,显示[世尊的]智之游行。同样,以取「悲」[显示]行之成就,以取「慧」[显示]明之成就。以取「悲」[显示]自增上性,以取「慧」[显示]法增上性。以取「悲」[显示]为世间之依(lokanātha)之性,以取「慧」[显示]为自依(attanātha)之性。同样,以取「悲」[显示]先施恩之性,以取「慧」[显示]知恩。以取「悲」[显示]不苦他之性,以取「慧」[显示]不自苦之性。或者:以取「悲」[显示]成佛之法的成就,以取「慧」[显示]佛的境界的成就。同样,以取「悲」[显示]度他,以取「慧」[显示]自度。同样,以取「悲」,[显示]于一切众生有摄益之心;以取「慧」,[显示]于一切法有离贪之心。

而于一切佛德,悲是初——因是它们的因缘;慧是终——因于它之上更无所应作。如是,以显示初与终,一切佛德都被显示了。同样,以取「悲」,以戒蕴为前导的定蕴便被显示了。因为戒以悲为因缘——由那[悲]而有离杀生等之转起;而那[悲]又与三禅相应。以「慧」一语,[显示]慧蕴。又戒是一切佛德之初,定[在]中,慧是终——如是,以显示初、中、后之善,一切佛德也都被显示了,因为[是]依理趣而显示的。因为无余地显示佛德的方便正是这一取理趣[之法];否则,有谁能够逐句无余地显示世尊的诸功德呢?正因如此[才]说——

「纵使佛陀宣说佛陀的功德,

纵经一劫而不说别的;

长久的一劫会在中间耗尽,

如来的功德却不会耗尽。」(《长部义注》1.304;3.141;《中部义注》3.425;《自说》53;《佛种姓义注》4.5;《所行藏义注·因缘论、杂论》;《譬喻》2.7.20)——

正因如此,具寿舍利弗长老在被就佛德之分限[而]诘问时,也先以「不是的,尊者」而遮却,[然后]说了「然而,尊者,我了知法的类推(dhammanvaya)」(《长部》2.146)。

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā
1. Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthanti. Atha vā maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyāti. Atha vā ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ pūjanīyapūjāpuññavisesanibbattanatthaṃ, taṃ attano yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa kammassa balānuppadānatthaṃ, antarā ca tassa asaṃkocāpanatthaṃ, tadubhayaṃ anantarāyena aṭṭhakathāya parisamāpanatthanti idameva ca payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘iti me pasannamatino…pe… tassānubhāvenā’’ti. Vatthuttayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā aparimeyyapabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Yathāha ‘‘pūjārahe pūjayato’’tiādi (dha. pa. 195; apa. thera 1.10.1), tathā ‘‘ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā, agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hotī’’tiādi (itivu. 90).
‘‘Buddhoti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;
Varameva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenapi jambudīpassa;
Dhammoti…pe…, saṅghoti…pe…, jambudīpassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.6);
Tathā ‘‘yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11). ‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā…pe… bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso na hessatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.249) ca.
Tattha yassa vatthuttayassa vandanaṃ kattukāmo, tassa guṇātisayayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādinā gāthattayamāha. Guṇātisayayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetaṃ payojanaṃ sādhetīti. Tattha yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā, atha kho karuṇāpaññāppadhānāti tadubhayappadhānameva tāva sammāsambuddhassa thomanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādhatīti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti attho. Karuṇāya sītalaṃ karuṇāsītalaṃ, karuṇāsītalaṃ hadayaṃ assāti karuṇāsītalahadayo, taṃ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ.
Tattha kiñcāpi paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānicchanasabhāvatāya, byāpādāratīnaṃ ujuvipaccanīkatāya ca sattasantānagatasantāpavicchedanākārapavattiyā mettāmuditānampi cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā upalabbhati, tathāpi paradukkhāpanayanākārappavattiyā parūpatāpāsahanarasā avihiṃsābhūtā karuṇāva visesena bhagavato cittassa cittapassaddhi viya sītibhāvanimittanti vuttaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Karuṇāmukhena vā mettāmuditānampi hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbā.
Atha vā chaasādhāraṇañāṇavisesanibandhanabhūtā sātisayaṃ niravasesañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ viya savisayabyāpitāya mahākaruṇābhāvamupagatā karuṇāva bhagavato abhisayena hadayasītalabhāvahetūti āha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti.
Atha vā satipi mettāmuditānaṃ sātisaye hadayasītibhāvanibandhanatte sakalabuddhaguṇavisesakāraṇatāya tāsampi kāraṇanti karuṇāva bhagavato ‘‘hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇa’’nti vuttā. Karuṇānidānā hi sabbepi buddhaguṇā, karuṇānubhāvanibbāpiyamānasaṃsāradukkhasantāpassa hi bhagavato paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāya anekānipi asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ akilantarūpasseva niravasesabuddhakaradhammasambharaṇaniyatassa samadhigatadhammādhipateyyassa ca sannihitesupi sattasaṅghāṭasamupanītahadayūpatāpanimittesu na īsakampi cittasītibhāvassa aññathattamahosīti. Etasmiñca atthavikappe tīsupi avatthāsu bhagavato karuṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā.
Pajānātīti paññā, yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. Paññāva ñeyyāvaraṇappahānato pakārehi dhammasabhāvajotanaṭṭhena pajjototi paññāpajjoto. Savāsanappahānato visesena hataṃ samugghāṭitaṃ vihataṃ. Paññāpajjotena vihataṃ paññāpajjotavihataṃ. Muyhanti tena, sayaṃ vā muyhati, mohanamattameva vā tanti moho, avijjā. Sveva visayasabhāvapaṭicchādanakaraṇato andhakārasarikkhatāya tamo viyāti tamo. Paññāpajjotavihato mohatamo etassāti paññāpajjotavihatamohatamo, taṃ paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ. Sabbesampi hi khīṇāsavānaṃ satipi paññāpajjotena avijjandhakārassa vihatabhāve saddhādhimuttehi viya diṭṭhippattānaṃ sāvakehi paccekasambuddhehi ca savāsanappahānena sammāsambuddhānaṃ kilesappahānassa viseso vijjatīti sātisayena avijjāppahānena bhagavantaṃ thomento āha ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Atha vā antarena paropadesaṃ attano santāne accantaṃ avijjandhakāravigamassa nibbattitattā, tathā sabbaññutāya balesu ca vasībhāvassa samadhigatattā, parasantatiyañca dhammadesanātisayānubhāvena sammadeva tassa pavattitattā bhagavāva visesato mohatamavigamena thometabboti āha ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe ‘‘paññāpajjoto’’ti padena bhagavato paṭivedhapaññā viya desanāpaññāpi sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā.
Atha vā bhagavato ñāṇassa ñeyyapariyantikattā sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvāvabodhanasamatthena anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena paññāpajjotena sabbañeyyadhammasabhāvacchādakassa mohandhakārassa vidhamitattā anaññasādhāraṇo bhagavato mohatamavināsoti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Ettha ca mohatamavidhamanante adhigatattā anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ kāraṇūpacārena sasantāne mohatamavidhamananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Abhinīhārasampattiyā savāsanappahānameva hi kilesānaṃ ñeyyāvaraṇapahānanti, parasantāne pana mohatamavidhamanassa kāraṇabhāvato phalūpacārena anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘mohatamavidhamana’’nti vuccatīti.
Kiṃ pana kāraṇaṃ avijjāsamugghātoyeveko pahānasampattivasena bhagavato thomanānimittaṃ gayhati, na pana sātisayaṃ niravasesakilesapahānanti? Tappahānavacaneneva tadekaṭṭhatāya sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghātassa jotitabhāvato. Na hi so tādiso kileso atthi, yo niravasesaavijjāppahānena na pahīyatīti.
Atha vā vijjā viya sakalakusaladhammasamuppattiyā niravasesākusaladhammanibbattiyā saṃsārappavattiyā ca avijjā padhānakāraṇanti tabbighātavacanena sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghāto vutto eva hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Narā ca amarā ca narāmarā, saha narāmarehīti sanarāmaro, sanarāmaro ca so loko cāti sanarāmaraloko, tassa garūti sanarāmaralokagaru, taṃ sanarāmaralokagaruṃ. Etena devamanussānaṃ viya tadavasiṭṭhasattānampi yathārahaṃ guṇavisesāvahatāya bhagavato upakārataṃ dasseti. Na cettha padhānāppadhānabhāvo codetabbo. Añño hi saddakkamo, añño atthakkamo. Edisesu hi samāsapadesu padhānampi appadhānaṃ viya niddisīyati yathā ‘‘sarājikāya parisāyā’’ti (apa. aṭṭha. 1.1.82). Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārokāsavasena tividho loko, garubhāvassa pana adhippetattā garukaraṇasamatthasseva sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni tabbipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Amaraggahaṇena cettha upapattidevā adhippetā.
Atha vā samūhattho loka-saddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Saha narehīti sanarā, sanarā ca te amarā cāti sanarāmarā, tesaṃ lokoti sanarāmaralokoti purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Amara-saddena cettha visuddhidevāpi saṅgayhanti. Te hi maraṇābhāvato paramatthato amarā, narāmarānaṃyeva gahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157). Tathā hi sabbānatthapariharaṇapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantamupakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’nti.
Sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti sugato. Bhagavato hi veneyyajanupasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato sobhanaṃ, tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭikakuṭilākulatādi- dosarahitamavahasitarājahaṃsavasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ kāyagamanaṃ ñāṇagamanañca vipulanimmalakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesasahitamabhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi niravajjatāya sobhanamevāti.
Atha vā sayambhūñāṇena sakalamapi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto ñāṇena sammā gato avagatoti sugato, tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammataṃ āpādento sammā gato atītoti sugato, lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato adhigatoti sugato, lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti sugato. ‘‘Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’tiādinā nayena (mahāni. 38) ayamattho vibhāvetabboti.
Atha vā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ, nibbānameva vā gato adhigatoti sugato. Yasmā vā bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ veneyyānaṃ yathārahaṃ kālayuttameva ca dhammaṃ bhāsati, tasmā sammā gadati vadatīti sugato da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Iti sobhanagamanatādīhi sugato, taṃ sugataṃ.
Puññapāpakehi upapajjanavasena gantabbato gatiyo, upapattibhavavisesā. Tā pana nirayādivasena pañcavidhā. Tā hi sakalassapi bhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggādhigamena avipākārahabhāvakaraṇena nivattitattā bhagavā pañcahipi gatīhi suṭṭhu mutto visaṃyuttoti āha ‘‘gativimutta’’nti. Etena bhagavato katthacipi apariyāpannataṃ dasseti, yato bhagavā ‘‘devātidevo’’ti vuccati. Tenāha –
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;
Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);
Taṃtaṃgatisaṃvattanakānañhi kammakilesānaṃ aggamaggena bodhimūleyeva suppahīnattā natthi bhagavato gatipariyāpannatāti accantameva bhagavā sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyehi suparimutto. Taṃ gativimuttaṃ. Vandeti namāmi, thomemīti vā attho.
Atha vā gativimuttanti anupādisesanibbānadhātuppattiyā bhagavantaṃ thometi. Ettha hi dvīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā attahitasampattito parahitapaṭipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamato, savāsanānaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantapahānato, anupādisesanibbānappattito ca veditabbā. Parahitapaṭipatti lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanato, viruddhesupi niccaṃ hitajjhāsayavasena ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanato ca. Sā panettha āsayato payogato ca duvidhā parahitapaṭipatti, tividhā ca attahitasampatti pakāsitā hoti, kathaṃ? ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena āsayato parahitapaṭipatti, sammāgadanatthena sugata-saddena payogato parahitapaṭipatti, ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ gativimutta’’nti etehi catusaccapaṭivedhatthena ca sugata-saddena tividhāpi attahitasampatti, avasiṭṭhatthena tena ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena ca sabbāpi attahitasampatti parahitapaṭipatti pakāsitā hotīti.
Atha vā tīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā – hetuto phalato upakārato ca. Tattha hetu mahākaruṇā, sā paṭhamapadena dassitā. Phalaṃ catubbidhaṃ ñāṇasampadā pahānasampadā ānubhāvasampadā rūpakāyasampadā cāti. Tāsu ñāṇapahānasampadā dutiyapadena saccapaṭivedhatthena ca sugata-saddena pakāsitā honti, ānubhāvasampadā pana tatiyapadena, rūpakāyasampadā yathāvuttakāyagamanasobhanatthena sugata-saddena lakkhaṇānubyañjanapāripūriyā vinā tadabhāvato. Upakāro anantaraṃ abāhiraṃ karitvā tividhayānamukhena vimuttidhammadesanā. So sammāgadanatthena sugata-saddena pakāsito hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Tattha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahākaruṇāya sañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ. ‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ sammāsambodhīti vuccatīti. Sammāgamanatthena sugata-saddena sammāsambodhiyā paṭipattiṃ dasseti līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyoga-sassatucchedābhinivesādi-antadvayarahitāya karuṇāpaññāpariggahitāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā pakāsanato sugata-saddassa. Itarehi sammāsambodhiyā padhānāppadhānabhedaṃ payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇañhettha padhānaṃ payojanaṃ, tadaññamappadhānaṃ. Tesu padhānena parahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti, itarena attahitasampattiṃ, tadubhayena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ, uttamavandanīyabhāvaṃ, attano ca vandanakiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.
Ettha ca karuṇāgahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato bhagavato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā hoti, paññāgahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho hi attho ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādinā vipañcīyatīti. Karuṇāgahaṇena ca upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena apagamanaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya, paññāgahaṇena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā sattādiparāmasanaṃ hotīti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ catusaccañāṇaṃ catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ, karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesādhāraṇañāṇāni cha abhiññā aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇāni dasa balāni cuddasa buddhañāṇāni soḷasa ñāṇacariyā aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāpabhedānaṃ vasena ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena caraṇasampattiṃ, paññāgahaṇena vijjāsampattiṃ. Karuṇāgahaṇena attādhipatitā, paññāgahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāgahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo, paññāgahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena pubbakāribhāvo, paññāgahaṇena kataññutā. Karuṇāgahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāgahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāgahaṇena vā buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāgahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ, paññāgahaṇena sayaṃ tāraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā, paññāgahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti.
Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttari karaṇīyābhāvato. Iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggahaṇaṃ, aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.425; udā. 53; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.5; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā; apa. 2.7.20) –
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘api ca me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ.
2缅 1.10已对照

二、如是以一切一切知者之功德略赞了世尊之后,如今为称扬正法,[阿阇梨]说了「佛陀也是」等语。此中,「佛陀」是作者的指示。「佛的境界」是业的指示。「修习了」与「现证了」是先时作业的指示。「[那](yaṃ)」是不加限定的业的指示。「趣得」是后时作业的指示。「我礼敬」是作业的指示。「那(taṃ)」是限定。「法」是礼敬之业的指示。「离垢的」与「无上的」是它的限定语。

此中,「佛陀」一语之义,应先依「觉了诸谛,故为佛陀;令人众觉悟,故为佛陀」等《义释》之法(《大义释》192;《小义释·彼岸道赞叹偈释》97)而知。或者:由于连同习气的无知之眠毕竟除去,或由于以觉而开敷,[故]「已觉」故为「佛陀」——[这是]依醒觉义与开敷义[而说]。或者:由于无有任何未被觉悟的所知法,[故]不把某一特定所知取为业;由于无有欲说业[之语],唯依觉了义即可得作者的指示——[故]「已觉」故为「佛陀」,犹如「受灌顶者不施与」那样。而就义而言,[那]为诸波罗蜜所熏修、以自生智连同习气破除破坏了无余烦恼、为大悲与一切知智等不可量度的功德之聚所依的蕴相续,即是「佛陀」。如所说:「『佛陀』者:即那位世尊,[他]自生、无有阿阇梨,于先前未曾听闻的诸法中自行正觉了诸谛,并于其中证得一切知性与于诸力中的自在之性。」(《大义释》192)「也(api)」一语[用]于推想。以它显明对下文将说功德的法的推想:「如是具足殊胜功德的那位世尊也[尚且如此]」。「佛的境界」者:即正等菩提。「修习了」者:即令生起并令增长。「现证了」者:即作成现前。「趣得」者:即已达、[即]已证得——此是其义。这[「趣得」]与「佛的境界」一语相连。「离垢的」者:即已离垢,义即无过失。「我礼敬」者:即我敬礼,或我称扬。「无上的」者:即无有更上者,义即出世间。「法」者:[它]护持那些如所教示而行道者,令[其]不堕于苦界与轮回,故为「法(dhamma)」。

而此中简略之义如下——如是具足种种功德之聚的佛陀世尊,修习了那称为圣道之法、又现证了那称为果与涅槃之法,从而证得无上正等菩提;我[今]敬礼那[法]——[它]是连诸佛的佛之境界之因,离于一切过失与垢,由于无有比自己更上者而为无上,[即]通达正法。应知教理(pariyatti)正法也因显明那[通达正法]而在此被收摄。或者应知:由于义注中说了「[他]证得了阿毗达摩理趣之海,思择了三藏」,故教理法也可得有「现证」与「思择」的说法,[所以]它也正是在此被说了。

同样应知:由于说了「修习了、现证了那法」,故连同作为成佛之法的诸波罗蜜,前分的增上戒学等也在此被「法」一语所收摄。因为它们也由于与垢相违反而为「离垢」,由于不共他人而为「无上」。正因如此:世尊为令众生从一切轮转之苦中出离而作了大发愿,[他]以大悲安住、有善良的意向;[他]于四阿僧祇又十万劫中恭敬无间地以修习与作现前[二事,成就]那些为殊胜之慧所洗净而无垢的、布施、调御、自制等无余的最上之法,从而于[诸]业等中证得自在之性,[成为]具足稀有不可思议的大威力者,达于增上戒、增上心的最高至极之极致;[于是他]于缘之行相上以二百四十万俱胝之门(catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukha)运起大金刚智,[从而]正觉了无上正等菩提。

而此中,以「修习了」一语,[阿阇梨]以明之成就称扬法;以「现证了」一语,[以]解脱(vimutti)之成就[称扬法]。同样,以第一[语,以]禅之成就[称扬];以第二[语,以]解脱(vimokkha)之成就[称扬]。或者以第一[语,以]定之成就[称扬],以第二[语,以]等至之成就[称扬]。或者,以第一[语,依]于尽[之]智之性[称扬],以第二[语,依]于不生[之]智之性[称扬]。或者以前者[依]如电喻之性[称扬],以后者[依]如金刚喻之性[称扬]。或者以前者[依]离染之成就,以后者[依]灭之成就。同样,以第一[依]出离(niyyāna)之性,以第二[依]出离(nissaraṇa)之性。或者以第一[依]因之性,以第二[依]无为之性。或者以第一[依]见之性,以第二[依]离[之]性。或者以第一[依]增上之性,以第二[依]不死之性称扬法。或者,以「修习了那法而趣得佛的境界」一语,[阿阇梨]以善说之性称扬法;以「现证了」一语,[以]现见之性[称扬]。同样,以前者[以]无时之性,以后者[以]来见之性。或者以前者[以]引导之性,以后者[以]应各自证知之性称扬法。以「离垢的」这[一语],由于显明无有杂染,[阿阇梨]显示法的清净性。以「无上的」一语,由于显明无有其他更殊胜者,[显示法的]广大圆满性。或者以第一[语]显示法的断之成就,以第二[语显示]自性之成就。或者,法的「离垢」之性应与[它的]应修习性相配;因为由修习之力,它才成为诸过失的拔除者。「无上」之性应与[它的]应现证性相配;因为由现证之生起,于它之上更无所应作,[故]由不共他人而为「无上」。同样,以「修习了」一语,连同前分的戒等,有学的戒、定、慧三蕴被显示了;以「现证了」一语,连同无为界,无学的戒、定、慧三蕴被显示了。

2. Evaṃ saṅkhepena sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘buddhopī’’tiādimāha. Tattha buddhoti kattuniddeso. Buddhabhāvanti kammaniddeso. Bhāvetvā sacchikatvāti ca pubbakālakiriyāniddeso. Yanti aniyamato kammaniddeso. Upagatoti aparakālakiriyāniddeso. Vandeti kiriyāniddeso. Tanti niyamanaṃ. Dhammanti vandanakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Gatamalaṃ anuttaranti ca tabbisesanaṃ.
Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva – ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā niddesanayena (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97) attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti. Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhastaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇā sabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha – ‘‘buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi. Tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192). Api-saddo sambhāvane. Tena ‘‘evaṃ guṇavisesayutto sopi nāma bhagavā’’ti vakkhamānaguṇe dhamme sambhāvanaṃ dīpeti. Buddhabhāvanti sammāsambodhiṃ. Bhāvetvāti uppādetvā vaḍḍhetvā ca. Sacchikatvāti paccakkhaṃ katvā. Upagatoti patto, adhigatoti attho. Etassa ‘‘buddhabhāva’’nti etena sambandho. Gatamalanti vigatamalaṃ, niddosanti attho. Vandeti paṇamāmi, thomemi vā. Anuttaranti uttararahitaṃ, lokuttaranti attho. Dhammanti yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyato saṃsārato ca apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo.
Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – evaṃ vividhaguṇagaṇasamannāgato buddhopi bhagavā yaṃ ariyamaggasaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā phalanibbānasaṅkhātaṃ pana dhammaṃ sacchikatvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigato, tametaṃ buddhānampi buddhabhāvahetubhūtaṃ sabbadosamalarahitaṃ attano uttaritarābhāvena anuttaraṃ paṭivedhasaddhammaṃ namāmīti. Pariyattisaddhammassapi tappakāsanattā idha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Atha vā ‘‘abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigacchi, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyasammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Tathā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā sacchikatvā’’ti ca vuttattā buddhakaradhammabhūtāhi pāramitāhi saha pubbabhāge adhisīlasikkhādayopi idha dhamma-saddena saṅgahitāti veditabbaṃ. Tāpi hi malapaṭipakkhatāya gatamalā anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttarā cāti. Tathā hi sattānaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇatthāya katamahābhinīhāro mahākaruṇādhivāsapesalajjhāsayo paññāvisesaparidhotanimmalānaṃ dānadamasaññamādīnaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ satasahassādhikāni kappānaṃ cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesānaṃ bhāvanāpaccakkhakaraṇehi kammādīsu adhigatavasibhāvo acchariyācinteyyamahānubhāvo adhisīlādhicittānaṃ paramukkaṃsapāramippatto bhagavā paccayākāre catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukhena mahāvajirañāṇaṃ pesetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti.
Ettha ca ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena vijjāsampadāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena vimuttisampadāya. Tathā paṭhamena jhānasampadāya, dutiyena vimokkhasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā samādhisampadāya, dutiyena samāpattisampadāya. Atha vā paṭhamena khayeñāṇabhāvena, dutiyena anuppādeñāṇabhāvena. Purimena vā vijjūpamatāya, dutiyena vajirupamatāya. Purimena vā virāgasampattiyā, dutiyena nirodhasampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena niyyānabhāvena, dutiyena nissaraṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā hetubhāvena, dutiyena asaṅkhatabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā dassanabhāvena, dutiyena vivekabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā adhipatibhāvena, dutiyena amatabhāvena dhammaṃ thometi. Atha vā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā buddhabhāvaṃ upagato’’ti etena svākkhātatāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena sandiṭṭhikatāya. Tathā purimena akālikatāya, pacchimena ehipassikatāya. Purimena vā opaneyyikatāya, pacchimena paccattaṃ veditabbatāya dhammaṃ thometi. ‘‘Gatamala’’nti iminā saṃkilesābhāvadīpanena dhammassa parisuddhataṃ dasseti. ‘‘Anuttara’’nti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanena vipulaparipuṇṇataṃ. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena sabhāvasampadaṃ. Bhāvetabbatāya vā dhammassa gatamalabhāvo yojetabbo. Bhāvanābalena hi so dosānaṃ samugghātako hotīti. Sacchikātabbabhāvena anuttarabhāvo yojetabbo. Sacchikiriyānibbattito hi tatuttarikaraṇīyābhāvato anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttaroti. Tathā ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena saha pubbabhāgasīlādīhi sekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā honti. ‘‘Sacchikatvā’’ti etena saha asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā asekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā hontīti.
3缅 1.12已对照

三、如是以一切法之功德略赞了正法之后,如今为称扬圣僧团,[阿阇梨]说了「善逝的」等语。此中,「善逝的」是关系的指示。它与「诸子」一语相连。「诸胸生[之子]」是「子」的限定语。「破魔军者」是[他们]为胸生之子之性的因的指示。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:[他]许可唯断烦恼才是[成为]世尊胸生之子之性的因。「八[辈]」是数目分限的指示。并以此显示:他们虽依众生之别而有数千之数,却不超越这一数目分限——因为[他们]不超越住道与住果之性。「聚」是集聚的指示。「圣僧团」是以功德而殊胜的和合之性的指示。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:诸圣者纵无身之和合,[仍]有圣僧团之性——因为[他们]由见与戒之共同而和合。

此中,[他们]生于胸、[即]由胸而生、又与胸相连,故为「胸生(orasa)」。因为正如众生的胸生之子由于是自身所生,格外地是父之所有的遗产的分有者;同样,这些圣者由于在听闻正等正觉者之法的末后以圣之生而生,[故]必定是世尊所有的解脱之乐与圣法之宝的分有者——故如胸生[之子]一般[而名为]「胸生[之子]」。或者:诸圣弟子正是以世尊说法之威力而趣入、已入圣地的;[他们的]高贵出生是由[世尊]以胸[所作]的努力而生的,[故]堪于不依方便[说]而被称为「胸生之子」。因为纵由诸弟子所转起的说法,也正被称为「世尊的说法」——由于以彼为根本,又由于[其]相等无有差别。

诸圣弟子在证得圣道之时,天子魔或魔军虽不必定像[对]世尊那样为作障碍而来扰乱;然而,[圣弟子]当被他们扰乱之因既被破除,他们[魔与魔军]也就名为已被破除了——[阿阇梨]故说「破魔军者」。而在这一义上应知:本应说「破魔与魔军者」,[却]说「破魔军者」,[这]是作了同一部分的余一(ekadesasarūpekasesa)。或者:由于烦恼之力众如蕴魔与行魔那样,对天子魔在杀害功德上也成为助伴,[故]被称为「军」。如所说:「诸欲是你的第一军」等(《经集》438)。而那有一千五百种、或无量种的烦恼军,被他们以念、择法、精进、止等功德之武器依分限(odhiso)而扰破、破除、破坏,[故]诸圣弟子[即]「破魔军者」。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示他们是世尊的随生之子。

由于远离诸烦恼,由于不行于非理,又由于行于理,[故为]「圣(ariya)」——[这是]依语源之法(niruttinaya)[而说]。或者:由于[他们]为连同诸天的世间所应趣、[即]应作归依而亲近,又由于亲近者[能]成就其义,[故为]「圣」。诸圣者之僧团[即]「圣僧团」;或者:既是圣的、又是僧团,[故为]「圣僧团」。应知:世尊[般涅槃]之后,连佛宝与法宝的证得也系于僧宝,[故]为显示这圣僧团多有助益,才在此处[方]说了「我以头礼敬」。

而此中,以「善逝的诸胸生之子」一语,[阿阇梨]显示圣僧团的来源之成就;以「破魔军者」一语[显示]断之成就——因为显明了一切杂染之断;以「那八[辈]之聚」一语[显示]智之成就——因为显明了住道与住果之性。以「圣僧团」一语,[阿阇梨]显示来源之成就——因为显明了[它]是一切僧团中最上的。或者:「善逝的诸胸生之子」是显明圣僧团有清净的所依。「破魔军者」是显明[他们]是正行道者、直行道者、如理行道者与正当行道者。「那八[辈]之聚」是显明[他们]是应供养等。「圣僧团」是显明[它]是无上福田。同样,以「善逝的诸胸生之子」一语,[阿阇梨]显明圣僧团有出世间归依之自性。因为正由出世间的归依,他们才成为世尊的胸生之子。以「破魔军者」一语,[阿阇梨]显示由发愿之成就所成的前分正行道。因为已作发愿而正行道者,能战胜魔或魔众。以「那八[辈]之聚」一语,[阿阇梨]显示已通达、[其]对治[品]已被破坏的有学与无学诸法——因为以人为立足处而显明了道与果诸法。以「圣僧团」[一语,阿阇梨]显示[它是]最上应奉施者。又,归依是诸弟子一切功德之初,连同前分行道的有学戒蕴等[在]中,无学戒蕴等是终——如是,[以]初、中、后皆善[之义],圣僧团的一切功德便被略说地显明了。

3. Evaṃ saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘sugatassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha sugatassāti sambandhaniddeso. Tassa ‘‘puttāna’’nti etena sambandho. Orasānanti puttavisesanaṃ. Mārasenamathanānanti orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaniddeso. Tena kilesapahānameva bhagavato orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaṃ anujānātīti dasseti. Aṭṭhannanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Tena ca satipi tesaṃ sattavisesabhāvena anekasahassasaṅkhābhāve imaṃ gaṇanaparicchedaṃ nātivattantīti dasseti maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvānativattanato. Samūhanti samudāyaniddeso. Ariyasaṅghanti guṇavisiṭṭhasaṅghātabhāvaniddeso. Tena asatipi ariyapuggalānaṃ kāyasāmaggiyaṃ ariyasaṅghabhāvaṃ dasseti diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvato.
Tattha urasi bhavā jātā saṃbaddhā ca orasā. Yathā hi sattānaṃ orasaputtā attajātatāya pitu santakassa dāyajjassa visesena bhāgino honti, evametepi ariyapuggalā sammāsambuddhassa dhammassavanante ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya bhagavato santakassa vimuttisukhassa ariyadhammaratanassa ca ekantabhāginoti orasā viya orasā. Atha vā bhagavato dhammadesanānubhāveneva ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānā okkantā ca ariyasāvakā bhagavato urena vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya nippariyāyena orasā puttāti vattabbataṃ arahanti. Sāvakehi pavattiyamānāpi hi dhammadesanā ‘‘bhagavato dhammadesanā’’icceva vuccati tammūlikattā lakkhaṇādivisesābhāvato ca.
Yadipi ariyasāvakānaṃ ariyamaggādhigamasamaye bhagavato viya tadantarāyakaraṇatthaṃ devaputtamāro, māravāhinī vā na ekantena apasādeti, tehi pana apasādetabbatāya kāraṇe vimathite tepi vimathitā eva nāma hontīti āha ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti. Imasmiṃ panatthe ‘‘māramārasenamathanāna’’nti vattabbe mārasenamathanānanti ekadesasarūpekaseso katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā khandhābhisaṅkhāramārānaṃ viya devaputtamārassapi guṇamāraṇe sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kilesabalakāyo ‘‘senā’’ti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’tiādi (su. ni. 438). Sā ca tehi diyaḍḍhasahassabhedā, anantabhedā vā kilesavāhinī satidhammavicayavīriyasamathādiguṇapaharaṇehi odhiso vimathitā vihatā viddhastā cāti mārasenamathanā, ariyasāvakā. Etena tesaṃ bhagavato anujātaputtataṃ dasseti.
Ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato, upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā. Ariyānaṃ saṅghoti ariyasaṅgho. Ariyo ca so saṅgho cāti vā ariyasaṅgho. Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti assa ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘sirasā vande’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Ettha ca ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti, ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena pahānasampadaṃ sakalasaṃkilesapahānadīpanato, ‘‘aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena ñāṇasampadaṃ maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvadīpanato. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti sabbasaṅghānaṃ aggabhāvadīpanato. Atha vā sugatassa orasānaṃ puttānanti ariyasaṅghassa visuddhanissayabhāvadīpanaṃ. Mārasenamathanānanti sammāujuñāyasāmīcippaṭipannabhāvadīpanaṃ. Aṭṭhannampi samūhanti āhuneyyādibhāvadīpanaṃ. Ariyasaṅghanti anuttarapuññakhettabhāvadīpanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa lokuttarasaraṇagamanasabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Lokuttarasaraṇagamanena hi te bhagavato orasaputtā jātā. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena abhinīhārasampadāya siddhaṃ pubbabhāge sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Katābhinīhārā hi sammāpaṭipannā māraṃ māraparisaṃ vā abhivijinanti. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena paṭividdhastavipakkhe sekkhāsekkhadhamme dasseti puggalādhiṭṭhānena maggaphaladhammānaṃ pakāsitattā. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ dasseti. Saraṇagamanañca sāvakānaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ ādi, sapubbabhāgapaṭipadā sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo majjhe, asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo pariyosānanti ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā saṅkhepato sabbe ariyasaṅghaguṇā pakāsitā honti.
4缅 1.14已对照

四、如是以三偈,依略举一切功德之门礼敬了三宝之后,如今[阿阇梨]为把那谦下之行(nipaccakāra)转向如所意趣的用意,说了「如是,由我」等语。此中,依生喜之义(ratijananaṭṭha)为「宝(ratana)」,[即]佛、法、僧。因为以「彼世尊即是如此」等[语]作意它们的如实功德者,便会生起不少的、成为证得不死之因的喜与悦。如所说——

「摩诃那摩,当圣弟子随念如来时,那时他的心不被贪所缠缚,不被瞋所缠缚,不被痴所缠缚;那时他的心正就如来而唯是正直的。摩诃那摩,心正直的圣弟子获得义喜(atthaveda),获得法喜(dhammaveda),获得与法相应的悦;悦者便生起喜」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

或者,受尊重等之性即是「宝」义。因为这[偈]曾说过——

「受尊重、价值大,无与伦比、难得见,

非下劣众生所受用,故称为宝。」(《长部义注》2.33;《小诵义注》6.3;《经集义注》226;《大义释义注》50)——

而受尊重之性等是不共他[者]的,唯于佛[、法、僧]等中可得。

礼敬本身[即]「由礼敬所成」,犹如「由施所成、由戒所成」那样。而此中,「礼敬」是以身、语、心倾向三宝之功德,或[即]称扬。由于生起可尊敬的有与果,[故为]「福(puñña)」;或者:[它]净化自己的相续[,故为「福」]。「障碍善除者」者:即诸障碍已被善为破除[者]。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:由自己净信之成就,又由三宝为[福]田之性的成就,那福足以破除妨害显明[其]义的诸灾患。「成为」是先时作业。它与「我将显明[其]义」一语相连。「它的」者:即那由礼敬三宝所成的福的。「以威力」者:即以力。

4. Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento ‘‘iti me’’tiādimāha. Tattha ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, buddhadhammasaṅghā. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbha. Ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;
Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 226; mahāni. aṭṭha. 50) –
Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsu eva labbhantīti.
Vandanāva vandanāmayaṃ yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ sīlamaya’’nti. Vandanā cettha kāyavācācittehi tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇaninnatā, thomanā vā. Pujjabhavaphalanibbattanato puññaṃ, attano santānaṃ punātīti vā. Suvihatantarāyoti. Suṭṭhu vihatantarāyo. Etena attano pasādasampattiyā, ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā taṃ puññaṃ atthappakāsanassa upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ vihanane samatthanti dasseti. Hutvāti pubbakālakiriyā. Tassa ‘‘atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena sambandho. Tassāti yaṃ ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ, tassa. Ānubhāvenāti balena.
5缅 1.15已对照

五、如是显示了礼敬三宝的用意之后,如今为先以赞其功德的方式介绍[阿阇梨]所欲释义的那一法之教说,故说了「以诸相应品所庄严的」等语;义即为《天神相应》等诸相应以及《芦苇品》等诸品所装饰的。此中,「相应(saṃyutta)」与「结合(saṃyoga)」就义而言是一。[是]什么[的]相应呢?[是]诸经品的[相应]。因为正如字之集聚[即]语,同样,于诸义上作了限定的语之集聚[即]句,句之集聚[即]经;于经之集聚[有]「品」这一称号,同样,于经品之集聚[有]「相应」这一称号。诸经品于此处被结合,故为「相应」。虽然就真实义而言并无离于支分的所谓「集聚」——正如「语」等称号[是]取那各各安置有别的诸支分[而立],「经品」之称号、「相应」之称号与「阿含」之称号也[是如此];然而集聚纵于真实义上不存在,[它]以觉所构想之形被取作似乎存在,[从而]依为诸支分之依处而被世俗称说,犹如「树上有枝」那样——所以[才]说「以诸相应品所庄严的」。

[设难:]诸相应品岂不就是阿含吗?那么它是由什么[来]庄严呢?——[通释:]这不应诘责。因为纵然于本无分别之事,为使[人]了知如所意趣的殊异,也会当作有分别一般而立言说,犹如说「石像之身」那样。自利、他利等于此处来到,或以它、或从它[而来到],故为「阿含(āgama)」;由于具足初善等功德,依最上之义,又由于是各各所希求之成就之因,[故]为诸贤者所应选取,[故为]「殊胜(vara)」;既是阿含、又是殊胜的,[故为]「殊胜的阿含」。或者:[它]为诸许为通晓阿含者(āgamasammata)所[认]为殊胜,[故为]「阿含[者所许之]殊胜者」;既是相应、又是殊胜的阿含,[故为]「殊胜的《相应部》(saṃyuttāgamavara)」;[即]那[殊胜的《相应部》]的。诸佛的随觉者[即]「随佛觉者」,[即]随诸佛通达[四]谛而通达了[四]谛的上首弟子等诸圣者。[故「为佛与随佛觉者所赞述的」即]为他们依义之赞述与功德之赞述而赞述的[那部阿含]的。

或者应配合[理解]为:诸佛与诸随觉者[即]「佛与随佛觉者」。因为律、经与阿毗达摩之义,最初正是由正等正觉者依杂说等方式所分别的;后来那[义]才由结集者们依对它们的义之解说而被登入结集。而此中:诸相应之品、[即]诸聚,[故为]「相应品」,[即]《有偈品》等。由于摄属于那[诸相应],诸相应中的诸品[亦为]「相应品」,[即]《芦苇品》等。诸相应本身即是品,[故为]「相应品」。[阿阇梨]依「余一」之法取了这三种[相应品],才说「以诸相应品所庄严的」。

此中,《有偈品》中有十一相应、三十八品;《因缘品》中有九相应、三十九品;《蕴品》中有十一相应、五十九品;《六处品》中有九相应、三十八品;《大品》中有十二相应、四十八品。这就是此中诸相应内之品的数量。

「能生智之分别的」者:由于缘起、蕴、处等之论众多,[从而]阐明了甚深的智行,[故]即[是]能生起慧之分别的。而此处正是以「能生慧之分别的」[一语]称扬了这部阿含本身;又,这是阿阇梨在诸释义中的常规,即在各各释义之初,以举述各各所应释义之法的殊胜功德而作称扬。正因如此,在《吉祥悦意》《妄衍破斥》《满足希求》《殊胜义》(Aṭṭhasālinī,即《法集论义注》)等[义注]中,也依次以「[其]功德能引生净信的」、「能破斥他论的」、「能令诸说法者中的魁首生起种种辩才的」、「那为诸甚深智所深入、恒以种种理趣而繁富的阿毗达摩的」等语作了称扬。

5. Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakāre payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassā dhammadesanāya atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tassā tāva guṇābhitthavanavasena upaññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘saṃyuttavaggapaṭimaṇḍitassā’’tiādi vuttaṃ, devatāsaṃyuttādisaṃyuttehi ceva naḷavaggādivaggehi ca vibhūsitassāti attho. Tattha ‘‘saṃyutta’’nti ‘‘saṃyogo’’ti ca atthato ekaṃ. Kesaṃ saṃyuttaṃ? Suttavaggānaṃ. Yathā hi byañjanasamudāyo padaṃ, evaṃ atthesu ca katāvadhiko padasamudāyo vākyaṃ, vākyasamudāyo suttaṃ, suttasamudāye vaggoti samaññā, tathā suttavaggasamudāye saṃyuttasamaññā. Saṃyujjantīti ettha suttavaggāti saṃyuttaṃ. Yadipi avayavavinimutto samudāyo nāma paramatthato natthi, avayave eva taṃtaṃsannivesavisiṭṭhe upādāya padādisamaññā viya suttavaggasamaññā saṃyuttasamaññā āgamasamaññā ca, tathāpi paramatthato avijjamānopi samudāyo buddhiparikappitarūpena vijjamāno viya gayhamāno avayavānaṃ adhiṭṭhānabhāvena voharīyati yathā ‘‘rukkhe sākhā’’ti, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘saṃyuttavaggapaṭimaṇḍitassā’’ti.
Nanu saṃyuttavaggo eva āgamo, tassa pana kehi maṇḍananti? Na codetabbametaṃ. Bhavati hi abhinnepi vatthusmiṃ yathādhippetavisesāvabodhanato bhedakasamudācāro yathā ‘‘silāputtakassa sarīra’’nti. Āgamissanti ettha, etena, etasmā vā attatthaparatthādayoti āgamo, ādikalyāṇādiguṇasampattiyā uttamaṭṭhena taṃtaṃabhipatthitasamiddhihetutāya paṇḍitehi varitabbato varo, āgamo ca so varo cāti āgamavaro. Āgamasammatehi vā varoti āgamavaro, saṃyutto ca so āgamavaro cāti saṃyuttāgamavaro, tassa. Buddhānaṃ anubuddhā buddhānubuddhā, buddhānaṃ saccapaṭivedhaṃ anugamma paṭividdhasaccā aggasāvakādayo ariyā. Tehi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāguṇasaṃvaṇṇanānaṃ vasena saṃvaṇṇitassa.
Atha vā buddhā ca anubuddhā ca buddhānubuddhāti yojetabbaṃ. Sammāsambuddheneva hi vinayasuttaabhidhammānaṃ pakiṇṇakadesanādivasena yo paṭhamaṃ attho vibhatto, so eva pacchā tesaṃ atthavaṇṇanāvasena saṅgītikārehi saṅgahaṃ āropitoti. Ettha ca saṃyuttānaṃ vaggā samūhāti saṃyuttavaggā, sagāthāvaggādayo. Tappariyāpannatāya saṃyuttesu vaggā saṃyuttavaggā, naḷavaggādayo. Saṃyuttāva vaggā saṃyuttavaggā. Tividhepi te ekasesanayena gahetvā vuttaṃ ‘‘saṃyuttavaggapaṭimaṇḍitassā’’ti.
Tattha sagāthāvagge tāva ekādasa saṃyuttāni aṭṭhatiṃsa vaggā. Nidānavagge nava saṃyuttāni ekūnacattālīsa vaggā. Khandhavagge ekādasa saṃyuttāni ekūnasaṭṭhi vaggā. Saḷāyatanavagge nava saṃyuttāni aṭṭhatiṃsa vaggā. Mahāvagge dvādasa saṃyuttāni aṭṭhacattālīsa vaggā. Idamettha saṃyuttantaravaggānaṃ parimāṇaṃ.
Ñāṇappabhedajananassāti paṭiccasamuppādakhandhāyatanādikathābahulatāya gambhīrañāṇacariyāvibhāvanato paññāvibhāgasamuppādakassa. Idha pana ‘‘paññāppabhedajananassā’’ti svāyamāgamo thomito, saṃvaṇṇanāsu cāyaṃ ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ taṃtaṃsaṃvaṇṇanānaṃ ādito tassa tassa saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa visesaguṇakittanena thomanā. Tathā hi sumaṅgalavilāsinīpapañcasūdanīmanorathapūraṇīaṭṭhasālinīādīsu ca yathākkamaṃ ‘‘saddhāvahaguṇassa, paravādamathanassa, dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ vicittapaṭibhānajananassa, tassa gambhīrañāṇehi ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso nānānayavicittassa abhidhammassā’’tiādinā thomanā katā.
6已对照

六、义以它而被讲说,故为「义之讲说(atthakathā)」;「义之讲说」本身[即]「义注(aṭṭhakathā)」——是把 ttha 字作成 ṭṭha 字[而成],犹如「苦有逼迫义(pīḷanaṭṭha)」那样。「最初」者:即在初、[即]在第一次结集时。由于[具]六神通,[从而]具足最上的心之自在性,又由于于禅等中成就五种自在,[故为]「诸得自在者(vasī)」,[即]大迦叶等诸长老。[即]他们的五个百[位]。「那(yā)」者:即那部义注。「所结集」者:即在适于讲说义之处,以「这是这[语]之义,这是这[语]之义」而摄集、宣说。又「被随结集」,[即]后来在第二、第三次结集中由耶舍长老(Yasatthera)等[所随结集]。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示自己释义的来源清净。

6. Attho kathīyati etāyāti atthakathā, atthakathāva aṭṭhakathā ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’ti. Āditoti ādimhi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ. Chaḷabhiññatāya paramena cittavasibhāvena samannāgatattā jhānādīsu pañcavidhavasitāsambhāvato ca vasino, therā mahākassapādayo. Tesaṃ satehi pañcahi. Yāti yā aṭṭhakathā. Saṅgītāti atthaṃ kathetuṃ yuttaṭṭhāne ‘‘ayaṃ etassa attho, ayaṃ etassa attho’’ti saṅgahetvā vuttā. Anusaṅgītā ca yasattherādīhi pacchāpi dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsu. Iminā attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamanavisuddhiṃ dasseti.
7已对照

七、由于捕取、[即]捉住狮子,[故为]「师子(sīhaḷa)」,[即]那位狮子王子;由于生于他的世系,[故]铜鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇidīpa)的诸刹帝利[为「师子」];又由于[那是]他们的住处,[故]铜鍱洲也应知[有]「师子」之性。「带到了」者:即从阎浮提被带来。「后来(atha)」者:即此后。因为在后来,为了不与其他部派的宗见(nikāyantaraladdhi)相混杂,义注[才]以师子洲语安立了下来。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:根本义注并非一切[人]所共通,所以这一显明义[之事]是必定要作的。正因如此[才]说「为诸洲住民的利益」。此中「诸洲住民的」者:应配合[理解]为——为阎浮提住民、或师子洲住民的利益,[义注]以师子洲语安立了下来。

7. Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato sīhaḷo, sīhakumāro, tabbaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyā, tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassa ca sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo. Ābhatāti jambudīpato ānītā. Athāti pacchā. Aparabhāge hi nikāyantaraladdhīhi asaṅkaratthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya aṭṭhakathā ṭhapitāti. Tena mūlaṭṭhakathā sabbasādhāraṇā na hotīti idaṃ atthappakāsanaṃ ekantena karaṇīyanti dasseti. Tenevāha ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāyā’’ti. Ettha dīpavāsīnanti jambudīpavāsīnaṃ, sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ vā atthāya sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapitāti yojanā.
8缅 1.17已对照

八、「除去」者:即除去犹如外衣一般的师子洲语。「从那[义注]中」者:即从[那部]义注。「我」[一语]是指示自己。「悦意之语」者:即摩揭陀语(māgadhabhāsā)。因为它是自性之语(sabhāvanirutti),能令贤者之意喜乐。正因如此[才]说「契合圣典之法则的」;义即随顺圣典(pāḷi)之行相、随依圣典之影[而行]的。「离于过失的」者:即离于非自性之语的其他语言。

8. Apanetvāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā. Tatoti aṭṭhakathāto. Ahanti attānaṃ niddisati. Manoramaṃ bhāsanti māgadhabhāsaṃ. Sā hi sabhāvaniruttibhūtā paṇḍitamanaṃ ramayati. Tenevāha ‘‘tantinayānucchavika’’nti, pāḷigatiyā anulomikaṃ pāḷichāyānuvidhāyininti attho. Vigatadosanti asabhāvaniruttibhāsantararahitaṃ.
9已对照

九、「[并]不违背……的宗义」者:即不违逆[其]定说(siddhanta)。以此[语,阿阇梨]说无有义之过失。因为正由于不相违背,诸长老之说在此也将被显明。「长老世系的明灯[者]的」者:由于具足坚固(thira)的戒蕴等,[故为]「长老(thera)」,[即]大迦叶等。由他们而来的阿阇梨相承[即]「长老世系」;[诸师]摄属于那[世系],由于具足[圣典之]来[传]与[义之]证得,[从而]以慧灯令它光耀,[故为]「长老世系的明灯」,[即]诸大寺住者;[即]他们的。以种种行相而被裁定,故为「抉择(vinicchaya)」,[即]于结节之处以破除荒秽(khila)之行相而转起的、能断疑之论。他们有极为精微、细密的抉择,故为「抉择极为精微[者]」。或者:[能]裁定,故为「抉择」,[即]以如上所说[之论]为境的智。应配合[理解]为:他们有极为精微、善巧的抉择。以此[语,阿阇梨]显示:诸大寺住者的抉择是从大迦叶等长老相承而来的,正因如此[而]不颠倒、细密微妙;[并显示]它[可]为准量。

9. Samayaṃ avilomentoti siddhantaṃ avirodhento. Etena atthadosābhāvamāha. Aviruddhattā eva hi theravādāpi idha pakāsīyissanti. Theravaṃsadīpānanti thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, mahākassapādayo. Tehi āgatā ācariyaparamparā theravaṃso, tappariyāpannā hutvā āgamādhigamasampannattā paññāpajjotena tassa samujjalanato theravaṃsadīpā, mahāvihāravāsino, tesaṃ. Vividhehi ākārehi nicchīyatīti vinicchayo, gaṇṭhiṭṭhānesu khilamaddanākārena pavattā vimaticchedanī kathā. Suṭṭhunipuṇo saṇho vinicchayo etesanti sunipuṇavinicchayā. Atha vā vinicchinotīti vinicchayo vuttappakāravisayaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Suṭṭhu nipuṇo cheko vinicchayo etesanti yojetabbaṃ. Etena mahākassapāditheraparamparāgato, tato eva ca aviparīto saṇho sukhumo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vinicchayo, tassa pamāṇabhūtataṃ dasseti.
10已对照

一〇、「为令善人」中的「与(ca)」一语有合摄之义。以它[阿阇梨]显示:「不唯为阎浮提住民的利益,而且也为令善人欢喜」。并以此成立了「也为铜鍱洲住民的利益」这一义——因为[它]使受学等容易,故对他们也多有助益。「为令[法]久住」者:即为[法]久住之义,义即为[令其]长时转起。因为这一显明义[之事],由于是不颠倒地善安置词句文字与善导引义的方便,[故]为正法的久住而转起。因为世尊曾说:「诸比丘,有二法能导至正法的住立、不忘失、不消灭。哪二[法]呢?善安置的词句文字,与善导引的义。」(《增支部》2.20)

10. Sujanassa cāti ca-saddo sampiṇḍanattho. Tena ‘‘na kevalaṃ jambudīpavāsīnameva atthāya, atha kho sādhujanatosanatthañcā’’ti dasseti. Tena ca ‘‘tambapaṇṇidīpavāsīnampi atthāyā’’ti ayamattho siddho hoti uggahaṇādisukaratāya tesampi bahukārattā. Ciraṭṭhitatthanti ciraṭṭhitiatthaṃ, cirakālappavattanāyāti attho. Idañhi atthappakāsanaṃ aviparītapadabyañjanasunikkhepassa atthasunayassa ca upāyabhāvato saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiyā pavattati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve? Sunikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ attho ca sunīto’’ti (a. ni. 2.20).
11–12缅 1.18已对照

一一–一二、为避免[阿阇梨]所欲作的义之解说过于广大,故说了「舍卫城等」等语。正因如此[才]说——「我在此也不再多作广说了」,以及「在此[义注中]不再多加论究它」。「二结集」者:即《长部》与《中部》二尼柯耶[的结集]。

11–1211-12. Yaṃ atthavaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, tassā mahattaṃ pariharituṃ ‘‘sāvatthipabhūtīna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tenevāha – ‘‘na idha bhiyyo vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmī’’ti ca. Saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnanti dīghamajjhimanikāyānaṃ.
13已对照

一三、为显示「我在此也不再多作广说了」[一语]所通说之义的依凭,故说了「然而诸经」等语。

13. ‘‘Na idha bhiyyo vitthārakathaṃ karissāmī’’ti sāmaññato vuttassa atthassa avassayaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘suttānaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
14已对照

一四、[阿阇梨]为向诸讲说者作教示——「应把《清净道论》取作他所欲作的那部义注的一部分」——[故]以「戒论」等语,依举示的方式显示在那[《清净道论》]中所论究的诸法。此中,「戒论」者:即依作持与止持等对戒的广说之论。「头陀法」者:即常乞食支等十三种能抖落烦恼之法。「一切业处」者:即圣典中所来的三十八[种]与义注中的二[种],[合为]无余的、瑜伽之业、[即]修习所转起之处。「连同性行之分判」者:即连同贪行等[与业处]相顺等的分判。「禅」是四色界禅,「等至」是四无色等至。或者:八[者]仅得到[时]是「禅」,由于达于入定之自在性[时]是「等至」。或者:「禅」是色界与无色界禅,「等至」是果等至与灭[尽]等至。

14. Yaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ kattukāmo, tadekadesabhāvena visuddhimaggo gahetabboti kathikānaṃ upadesaṃ karonto tatta vicāritadhamme uddesavasena dasseti ‘‘sīlakathā’’tiādinā. Tattha sīlakathāti cārittavārittādivasena sīlassa vitthārakathā. Dhutadhammāti piṇḍapātikaṅgādayo terasa kilesadhunanakadhammā. Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbānīti pāḷiyaṃ āgatāni aṭṭhattiṃsa, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dveti niravasesāni yogakammassa bhāvanāya pavattiṭṭhānāni. Cariyāvidhānasahitoti rāgacariyādīnaṃ sabhāgādividhānena sahito. Jhānāni cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo catasso arūpasamāpattiyo. Aṭṭhapi vā paṭiladdhamattāni jhānāni, samāpajjanavasibhāvappattiyā samāpattiyo. Jhānāni vā rūpārūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo phalasamāpattinirodhasamāpattiyo.
15已对照

一五、有世间与出世间之别的六神通[即]「一切神通」。依《智分别》(Ñāṇavibhaṅga,《分别论》之一品)等中所来之法,以一种等[之门]对慧作合计、[即]合摄而[作]抉择,[即是]「慧的合计与抉择」。

15. Lokiyalokuttarabhedā cha abhiññāyo sabbā abhiññāyo. Ñāṇavibhaṅgādīsu āgatanayena ekavidhādinā paññāya saṅkaletvā sampiṇḍetvā nicchayo paññāsaṅkalananicchayo.
16已对照

一六、[作为]缘之诸法、[即]因等,对缘所生之诸法[而言]有因缘等之性,[即是]「缘之行相」;它的教说[即]「缘之行相的教说」,义即缘起之论。而它由于离于与其他部派宗见的混杂,[故]极为清净;又由于密集的分解(ghanavinibbhoga)极难作,[故]精微、细密微妙;并且[它]在那[《清净道论》]中是连同一性之理趣(ekattanaya)等而被论究的——[阿阇梨]故说「[其]理趣极清净而精微」。由于[它]是不舍《无碍解道》等中所来之法而被论究的,[故为]「不离圣典之道」。

16. Paccayadhammānaṃ hetuādīnaṃ paccayuppannadhammānaṃ hetupaccayādibhāvo paccayākāro, tassa desanā paccayākāradesanā, paṭiccasamuppādakathāti attho. Sā pana nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkararahitatāya suṭṭhuparisuddhā, ghanavinibbhogassa ca sudukkaratāya nipuṇā saṇhasukhumā, ekattanayādisahitā ca tattha vicāritāti āha ‘‘suparisuddhanipuṇanayā’’ti. Paṭisambhidādīsu āgatanayaṃ avisajjetvāva vicāritattā avimuttatantimaggā.
17已对照

一七、「然而这一切」中,「iti」一语[用]于终结,「pana」一语[用]于语之庄严(vacanālaṅkāra),义即「这一切」。「在此」者:即于这部义注中。意趣是:由于[会成为]重复,[故]我不[再]论究它。

17. Iti pana sabbanti iti-saddo parisamāpane, pana-saddo vacanālaṅkāre, etaṃ sabbanti attho. Idhāti imissā aṭṭhakathāya. Na taṃ vicārayissāmi punaruttibhāvatoti adhippāyo.
18缅 1.19已对照

一八、如今[阿阇梨]为简别出正是那不加论究[之事]的必定之因,说了「此《清净道论》,正处于……之中央」等语。此中,以「住[于其中]」一语,由于显明[它]处于中央之性,[阿阇梨]显示:《清净道论》格外是四阿含所共通的义注,不像《吉祥悦意》等那样是不共通的义注。而这「格外」[一语],是就「《清净道论》对律与阿毗达摩也随其所应正是义之解说」[这一点]而说的。

18. Idāni tasseva avicāraṇassa ekantakāraṇaṃ niddhārento ‘‘majjhe visuddhimaggo’’tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘majjhe ṭhatvā’’ti etena majjhaṭṭhabhāvadīpanena visesato catunnaṃ āgamānaṃ sādhāraṇaṭṭhakathā visuddhimaggo, na sumaṅgalavilāsiniādayo viya asādhāraṇaṭṭhakathāti dasseti. ‘‘Visesato’’ti ca idaṃ vinayābhidhammānampi visuddhimaggo yathārahaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti evāti katvā vuttaṃ.
19已对照

一九、「正是这样(icceva)」者:即「iti eva」。「它也」者:即《清净道论》也。「这部[义注]」者:即《显扬真义》(Sāratthappakāsinī)。

而此中,以「[义注]被带到了师子洲」等语,[阿阇梨]显示作义注的因缘;以「为诸洲住民的利益」、「为令善人欢喜,并为令法久住」这些[语显示其]用意;以「我将显明殊胜的《相应部》之义」一语[显示其]略义(piṇḍattha);以「我从那[义注]中除去师子洲语」等语、「舍卫城等」等语与「戒论」等语[显示]作[义注]的方式。因为对下[面]诸尼柯耶与《清净道论》中已论究之义不再论究,这在此处也正是作[义注]的方式。

序论释义,终。

19. Iccevāti iti eva. Tampīti visuddhimaggampi. Etāyāti sāratthappakāsiniyā.
Ettha ca ‘‘sīhaḷadīpaṃ ābhatā’’tiādinā aṭṭhakathākaraṇassa nimittaṃ dasseti, ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāya sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassā’’ti etehi payojanaṃ, ‘‘saṃyuttāgamavarassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena piṇḍatthaṃ, ‘‘apanetvāna tatohaṃ sīhaḷabhāsa’’ntiādinā ‘‘sāvatthipabhūtīna’’ntiādinā ‘‘sīlakathā’’tiādinā ca karaṇappakāraṃ. Heṭṭhimanikāyesu visuddhimagge ca vicāritānaṃ atthānaṃ avicāraṇampi hi idha karaṇappakāro evāti.
Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
1. Devatāsaṃyuttaṃ
1. Naḷavaggo
2. Nandanavaggo
3. Sattivaggo
4. Satullapakāyikavaggo
5. Ādittavaggo
6. Jarāvaggo
7. Addhavaggo
8. Chetvāvaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Anāthapiṇḍikavaggo
3. Nānātitthiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. Arahantavaggo
2. Upāsakavaggo
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2. Dutiyavaggo
3. Tatiyavaggo