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相应部 · 迦叶相应 Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ

本经目录五、迦叶相应一、知足经二、无愧者经三、月喻经四、常往来俗家者经五、衰老经六、教诫经七、第二教诫经八、第三教诫经九、禅与神通经十、住处经十一、衣经十二、死后经十三、相似正法经《迦叶相应》完毕。

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五、迦叶相应

5. Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ
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一、知足经

1. Santuṭṭhasuttaṃ
144PTS 2.194缅 1.399已对照

一百四十四、住在舍卫城……乃至……“诸比丘,这迦叶(Kassapa)对随得的衣知足,并且是随得衣知足的称赞者;也不为衣之故行不适当的邪求;未得衣而不焦躁;得衣而不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。

“诸比丘,这迦叶对随得的钵食知足,并且是随得钵食知足的称赞者;也不为钵食之故行不适当的邪求;未得钵食而不焦躁;得钵食而不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。

“诸比丘,这迦叶对随得的坐卧处知足,并且是随得坐卧处知足的称赞者;也不为坐卧处之故行不适当的邪求;未得坐卧处而不焦躁;得坐卧处而不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。

“诸比丘,这迦叶对随得的病者所需的医药资具知足,并且是随得病者所需的医药资具知足的称赞者;也不为病者所需的医药资具之故行不适当的邪求;未得病者所需的医药资具而不焦躁;得病者所需的医药资具而不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。

“诸比丘,因此在此你们应当这样学:‘我们将对随得的衣知足,并且是随得衣知足的称赞者;我们将不为衣之故行不适当的邪求;未得衣我们将不焦躁;得衣我们将不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。’”(一切[段落]都应如是作。)

“‘我们将对随得的钵食知足……乃至……我们将对随得的坐卧处知足……乃至……我们将对随得的病者所需的医药资具知足,并且是随得病者所需的医药资具知足的称赞者;我们将不为病者所需的医药资具之故行不适当的邪求;未得病者所需的医药资具我们将不焦躁;得病者所需的医药资具我们将不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患、有出离慧地受用它。’诸比丘,你们正应当这样学。诸比丘,我将以迦叶来教诫你们,或以与迦叶相似的人[来教诫你们];而受了教诫的你们,应当为达如是[状态]而行道。”第一[经]。

144. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘santuṭṭhāyaṃ [santuṭṭhoyaṃ (sī.)], bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito [agathito (sī.)] amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati’’.
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena senāsanena, itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca senāsanahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca senāsanaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca senāsanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na ca paritassissāma; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāma’’’. (Evaṃ sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ).
‘‘‘Santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena piṇḍapātena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena senāsanena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassissāma; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa [yo vā pana (sī.), yo vā (pī.)] kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、无愧者经

2. Anottappīsuttaṃ
145PTS 2.196已对照

一百四十五、如是我闻——一时,具寿大迦叶与具寿舍利弗住在波罗奈仙人堕处鹿野苑。那时,具寿舍利弗于傍晚从静坐起身,前往具寿大迦叶之处;到了之后,与具寿大迦叶互相问候;交换了友好、可念的问候话语之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿舍利弗对具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶贤友,这是被这样说的:不热勤者、无愧者,不堪能正觉,不堪能涅槃,不堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳;而热勤者、有愧者,堪能正觉,堪能涅槃,堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳。”

145. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vuccati hidaṃ, āvuso kassapa, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; ātāpī ca kho ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti.
缅 1.401已对照

“贤友,究竟到什么程度是不热勤者、无愧者,不堪能正觉,不堪能涅槃,不堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳?贤友,又到什么程度是热勤者、有愧者,堪能正觉,堪能涅槃,堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳?”“贤友,于此,比丘[想]‘我未生的恶不善法若生起,将导向无益’而不作热勤;[想]‘我已生的恶不善法若不被舍断,将导向无益’而不作热勤;[想]‘我未生的善法若不生起,将导向无益’而不作热勤;[想]‘我已生的善法若灭,将导向无益’而不作热勤。贤友,这样是不热勤者。”

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; kittāvatā ca panāvuso, ātāpī hoti ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti? ‘‘Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti’’.
PTS 2.197已对照

“贤友,又怎样是无愧者?贤友,于此,比丘[想]‘我未生的恶不善法若生起,将导向无益’而不愧;[想]‘我已生的恶不善法若不被舍断,将导向无益’而不愧;[想]‘我未生的善法若不生起,将导向无益’而不愧;[想]‘我已生的善法若灭,将导向无益’而不愧。贤友,这样是无愧者。贤友,这样,不热勤者、无愧者,不堪能正觉,不堪能涅槃,不堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳。

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, anottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
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“贤友,又怎样是热勤者?贤友,于此,比丘[想]‘我未生的恶不善法若生起,将导向无益’而作热勤;[想]‘我已生的恶不善法若不被舍断,将导向无益’而作热勤;[想]我未生的善法……乃至……而作热勤。贤友,这样是热勤者。

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ātāpī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā…pe… ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī hoti.
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“贤友,又怎样是有愧者?贤友,于此,比丘[想]‘我未生的恶不善法若生起,将导向无益’而愧;[想]‘我已生的恶不善法若不被舍断,将导向无益’而愧;[想]‘我未生的善法若不生起,将导向无益’而愧;[想]‘我已生的善法若灭,将导向无益’而愧。贤友,这样是有愧者。贤友,这样,热勤者、有愧者,堪能正觉,堪能涅槃,堪能证得无上瑜伽安稳。”第二[经]。

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、月喻经

3. Candūpamasuttaṃ
146PTS 2.198缅 1.402已对照

一百四十六、住在舍卫城……乃至……“诸比丘,你们要如月般前往诸家——抽离身,抽离心,于诸家中常为新来者,不放肆。诸比丘,譬如有人观看朽井,或山的险处,或河的险岸——抽离身,抽离心;同样地,诸比丘,你们要如月般前往诸家——抽离身,抽离心,于诸家中常为新来者,不放肆。”

146. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘candūpamā, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā [appagabbā (ka.)]. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’.
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“诸比丘,迦叶如月般前往诸家——抽离身,抽离心,于诸家中常为新来者,不放肆。诸比丘,你们认为怎样,怎样的比丘配前往诸家?”“尊者,我们的诸法以世尊为根本、以世尊为引导、以世尊为依止。尊者,若世尊亲自解说这所说之义,那就好了;听了世尊[所说],比丘们将会受持。”

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavako kulesu appagabbho. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamitu’’nti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti.
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那时,世尊在空中挥手。“诸比丘,譬如这手在空中不粘着、不被执取、不被系缚;同样地,诸比丘,任何比丘前往诸家时,心于诸家不粘着、不被执取、不被系缚——‘愿求利者得利,愿求福者作福’;他以自己的所得而心悦、意喜,同样以他人的所得而心悦、意喜。诸比丘,这样的比丘配前往诸家。

Atha kho bhagavā ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesi. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ ākāse pāṇi na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
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“诸比丘,迦叶前往诸家时,心于诸家不粘着、不被执取、不被系缚——‘愿求利者得利,愿求福者作福’;他以自己的所得而心悦、意喜,同样以他人的所得而心悦、意喜。

‘‘Kassapassa, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano.
PTS 2.199已对照

“诸比丘,你们认为怎样,怎样的比丘的说法是不清净的,怎样的比丘的说法是清净的?”“尊者,我们的诸法以世尊为根本、以世尊为引导、以世尊为依止。尊者,若世尊亲自解说这所说之义,那就好了;听了世尊[所说],比丘们将会受持。”“那么,诸比丘,你们听着,好好作意,我要说了。”“是的,尊者。”那些比丘应诺了世尊。世尊这样说——

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
缅 1.403已对照

“诸比丘,凡任何比丘以这样的心为他人说法——‘啊,愿他们听我[说]法,听了法之后生起净信,净信了之后对我作净信之相。’诸比丘,这样的比丘的说法是不清净的。

‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyu’nti; evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
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“诸比丘,而凡任何比丘以这样的心为他人说法——‘法是世尊所善说的,是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的。啊,愿他们听我[说]法,听了法之后了知,了知之后为成为如是而行道。’如是缘于法的善法性而为他人说法,缘于悲悯、缘于护念、依于哀愍而为他人说法。诸比丘,这样的比丘的说法是清净的。

‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti [viññūhi (?)]. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ [anudayaṃ (bahūsu) dvittakāraṇaṃ pana gavesitabbaṃ] paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
PTS 2.200已对照

“诸比丘,迦叶以这样的心为他人说法——‘法是世尊所善说的,是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的。啊,愿他们听我[说]法,听了法之后了知,了知之后为成为如是而行道。’如是缘于法的善法性而为他人说法,缘于悲悯、缘于护念、依于哀愍而为他人说法。诸比丘,我将以迦叶,或以凡与迦叶相似者,来教诫你们;而你们被教诫之后,应当为成为如是而行道。”第三[经]。

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
已对照

四、常往来俗家者经

4. Kulūpakasuttaṃ
147已对照

一百四十七、住在舍卫城……乃至……“诸比丘,你们认为怎样,怎样的比丘配作常往来俗家者,怎样的比丘不配作常往来俗家者?”尊者,我们的诸法以世尊为根本……乃至……世尊这样说——

147. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe… bhagavā etadavoca –
PTS 2.201缅 1.404已对照

“诸比丘,凡任何比丘以这样的心前往诸家——‘愿[他们]只给我,莫不给;愿只给我多的,莫少的;愿只给我上妙的,莫粗劣的;愿只迅速地给我,莫迟缓地;愿只恭敬地给我,莫不恭敬地。’诸比丘,若那比丘以这样的心前往诸家,[他们]不给,那比丘因此受挫伤;他以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]给少的,不给多的……乃至……给粗劣的,不给上妙的……迟缓地给,不迅速地给,那比丘因此受挫伤;他以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]不恭敬地给,不是恭敬地给;那比丘因此受挫伤;他以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。诸比丘,这样的比丘不配作常往来俗家者。

‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ…pe… lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ… dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na arahati kūlūpako hotuṃ.
已对照

“诸比丘,而凡任何比丘以这样的心前往诸家——‘在他人诸家中,这里哪能得到那个:愿[他们]只给我,莫不给;愿只给我多的,莫少的;愿只给我上妙的,莫粗劣的;愿只迅速地给我,莫迟缓地;愿只恭敬地给我,莫不恭敬地?’诸比丘,若那比丘以这样的心前往诸家,[他们]不给;那比丘不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]给少的,不给多的;那比丘不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]给粗劣的,不给上妙的;那比丘不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]迟缓地给,不迅速地给;那比丘不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]不恭敬地给,不是恭敬地给;那比丘不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。诸比丘,这样的比丘配作常往来俗家者。

‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; dīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ.
PTS 2.202已对照

“诸比丘,迦叶以这样的心前往诸家——‘在他人诸家中,这里哪能得到那个:愿[他们]只给我,莫不给;愿只给我多的,莫少的;愿只给我上妙的,莫粗劣的;愿只迅速地给我,莫迟缓地;愿只恭敬地给我,莫不恭敬地?’诸比丘,若迦叶以这样的心前往诸家,[他们]不给;迦叶不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]给少的,不给多的;迦叶不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]给粗劣的,不给上妙的;迦叶不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]迟缓地给,不迅速地给;迦叶不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。[他们]不恭敬地给,不是恭敬地给;迦叶不因此受挫伤;他不以此为因缘而感受苦、忧。诸比丘,我将以迦叶,或以凡与迦叶相似者,来教诫你们;而你们被教诫之后,应当为成为如是而行道。”第四[经]。

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kassapassa evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso. Ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
已对照

五、衰老经

5. Jiṇṇasuttaṃ
148缅 1.405已对照

一百四十八、如是我闻……乃至……王舍城竹林。那时,具寿大迦叶来到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶,你如今已衰老了,而你这些麻制的粪扫衣、脱下之衣很重。因此,迦叶,你要穿居士衣,受用邀请[食],并住在我的近旁。”

148. Evaṃ me sutaṃ…pe… rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇosi dāni tvaṃ, kassapa, garukāni ca te imāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, gahapatāni [gahapatikāni (sī.)] ceva cīvarāni dhārehi, nimantanāni ca bhuñjāhi, mama ca santike viharāhī’’ti.
已对照

“尊者,我长夜是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者;是常乞食者,也是常乞食之状的赞叹者;是持粪扫衣者,也是持粪扫衣之状的赞叹者;是三衣者,也是三衣之状的赞叹者;是少欲者,也是少欲之状的赞叹者;是知足者,也是知足之状的赞叹者;是远离者,也是远离的赞叹者;是不杂处者,也是不杂处的赞叹者;是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者。”

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, bhante, dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa [vīriyārabbhassa (ka.)] ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
已对照

“迦叶,你是见到什么义利,长夜是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者;是常乞食者……乃至……是持粪扫衣者……是三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不杂处者……是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者?”

‘‘Kiṃ [kaṃ (ka.)] pana tvaṃ, kassapa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti?
PTS 2.203缅 1.406已对照

“尊者,我是见到两种义利,长夜是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者;是常乞食者……乃至……是持粪扫衣者……是三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不杂处者……是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者——见到自己的现法乐住,又怜悯后世的人众:‘但愿后世的人众随所见而行。’‘据说那些曾是佛与随佛觉者之弟子的,他们长夜曾是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者……乃至……曾是常乞食者……乃至……曾是持粪扫衣者……曾是三衣者……曾是少欲者……曾是知足者……曾是远离者……曾是不杂处者……曾是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者。’他们将为成为如是而行道,那将长夜为他们带来利益、安乐。

‘‘Dve khvāhaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ sampassamāno, pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno – ‘appeva nāma pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ’ [āpajjeyya (sī. syā. kaṃ.)]. ‘Ye kira te ahesuṃ buddhānubuddhasāvakā te dīgharattaṃ āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino…pe… piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ …pe… paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ… tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ… appicchā ceva ahesuṃ… santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ… asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
已对照

“尊者,我是见到这两种义利,长夜是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者;是常乞食者……乃至……是持粪扫衣者……是三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不杂处者……是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者。”

‘‘Ime khvāhaṃ, bhante, dve atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
已对照

“善哉,善哉,迦叶!迦叶,据说你是为众人的利益、为众人的安乐、为悲悯世间,为天与人的义利、利益、安乐而行道。因此,迦叶,你就穿麻制的粪扫衣、脱下之衣,去乞食,住在林野吧。”第五[经]。

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Bahujanahitāya kira tvaṃ, kassapa, paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni ceva paṃsukūlāni dhārehi nibbasanāni, piṇḍāya ca carāhi, araññe ca viharāhī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
已对照

六、教诫经

6. Ovādasuttaṃ
149PTS 2.204已对照

一百四十九、在王舍城竹林。那时,具寿大迦叶来到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶,你要教诫诸比丘;迦叶,你要为诸比丘作法语。迦叶,或是我教诫诸比丘,或是你;或是我为诸比丘作法语,或是你。”

149. Rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
已对照

“尊者,如今的比丘是难受劝者,具足诸作难受劝之法,不能忍、不善持教诫。尊者,在此,我看见名叫槃稠(Bhaṇḍa)的比丘——阿难的共住弟子,与名叫阿毗耆迦(Abhijika)的比丘——阿那律的共住弟子,以所闻互相争胜:‘来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’”

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Idhāhaṃ, bhante, addasaṃ bhaṇḍañca [bhaṇḍuñca (sī.)] nāma bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca [ābhiñjikañca (sī. ka.), ābhijjikañca (syā. kaṃ.)] nāma bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadante – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
缅 1.407已对照

于是世尊召唤某位比丘:“来,比丘,你以我的话去召唤阿难的共住弟子槃稠比丘与阿那律的共住弟子阿毗耆迦比丘——‘导师召唤诸位具寿。’”“是的,尊者。”那位比丘应诺世尊之后,来到那些比丘那里;到了之后,对那些比丘这样说:“导师召唤诸位具寿。”

Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaṇḍañca bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti.
PTS 2.205已对照

“是的,贤友。”那些比丘应诺那位比丘之后,来到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的那些比丘这样说:“诸比丘,据说你们以所闻互相争胜:‘来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’这是真的吗?”“是的,尊者。”“诸比丘,你们是这样了知我所说之法的吗——‘诸比丘,来,你们以所闻互相争胜:来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’?”“不是的,尊者。”“诸比丘,你们既然并不这样了知我所说之法,那么,诸愚痴人,你们究竟知道什么、见到什么,在这样善说的法与律中出家之后,却以所闻互相争胜:‘来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’”

‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘No ce kira me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha, atha kiṃ carahi tumhe, moghapurisā, kiṃ jānantā kiṃ passantā evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
已对照

于是那些比丘以头伏于世尊足下,对世尊这样说:“尊者,罪过战胜了我们,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者——我们竟在这样善说的法与律中出家之后,以所闻互相争胜:‘来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’尊者,愿世尊接受我们的罪过为罪过,以便在将来防护。”

Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘accayo no, bhante, accagamā, yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale [yathā bāle yathā mūḷhe yathā akusale (pī.), yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ (?)], ye mayaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadimha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti.
缅 1.408已对照

“确实,诸比丘,罪过战胜了你们,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者——你们竟在这样善说的法与律中出家之后,以所闻互相争胜:‘来,比丘,谁会说得更多?谁会说得更妙?谁会说得更久?’但是,诸比丘,由于你们见罪过为罪过而如法悔改,我们接受你们的[悔过]。诸比丘,凡是见罪过为罪过而如法悔改、于将来防护者,这在圣者之律中就是增长。”第六[经]。

‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, accayo accagamā yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale, ye tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadittha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Yato ca kho tumhe, bhikkhave, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarotha, taṃ vo mayaṃ [mayaṃ accayaṃ (sī.)] paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhi hesā, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti āyatiñca saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
已对照

七、第二教诫经

7. Dutiyaovādasuttaṃ
150PTS 2.206已对照

一百五十、住在王舍城竹林。那时,具寿大迦叶来到世尊那里……乃至……世尊对坐在一旁的具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶,你要教诫诸比丘;迦叶,你要为诸比丘作法语。迦叶,或是我教诫诸比丘,或是你;或是我为诸比丘作法语,或是你。”

150. Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane [sāvatthi, tatra-etadavoca (sī.)]. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
已对照

“尊者,如今的比丘是难受劝者,具足诸作难受劝之法,不能忍、不善持教诫。尊者,凡任何人,于诸善法无信,于诸善法无惭,于诸善法无愧,于诸善法无精进,于诸善法无慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期衰损,而非增长。

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī [hiri (sabbattha)] natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati [āgacchanti (sī.)], hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
已对照

“尊者,譬如在黑分,月亮无论夜或昼到来,都只是于颜色衰损,于圆轮衰损,于光衰损,于高与围衰损。同样,尊者,凡任何人于诸善法无信……乃至……无惭……无愧……无精进……无慧……于诸善法,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期衰损,而非增长。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena, hāyati maṇḍalena, hāyati ābhāya, hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi … vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi… kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
缅 1.409已对照

“尊者,‘无信的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘无惭的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘无愧的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘懈怠的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘劣慧的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘忿怒的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘怨恨的人’——这是退失;尊者,‘没有比丘作教诫者’——这是退失。

‘‘‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘ahiriko purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘anottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kusīto purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘duppañño purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ.
已对照

“尊者,凡任何人,于诸善法有信,于诸善法有惭,于诸善法有愧,于诸善法有精进,于诸善法有慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期增长,而非退减。

‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
PTS 2.207已对照

“尊者,譬如在白分,月亮无论夜或昼到来,都只是于颜色增长,于圆轮增长,于光增长,于高与围增长。同样,尊者,凡任何人于诸善法有信……有惭……乃至……有愧……有精进……于诸善法有慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期增长,而非退减。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu… hirī atthi…pe… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
已对照

“尊者,‘有信的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘有惭的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘有愧的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘发起精进的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘有慧的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘不忿怒的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘不怨恨的人’——这是不退失;尊者,‘有比丘作教诫者’——这是不退失。”

‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘hirimā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘ottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘āraddhavīriyo purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘paññavā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘akkodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, aparihānameta’’nti.
已对照

“善哉,善哉,迦叶!迦叶,凡任何人于诸善法无信……乃至……无惭……无愧……无精进……于诸善法无慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期衰损,而非增长。

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
缅 1.410已对照

“迦叶,譬如在黑分,月亮无论夜或昼到来,都只是于颜色衰损……乃至……于高与围衰损。同样,迦叶,凡任何人于诸善法无信……乃至……无惭……无愧……无精进……于诸善法无慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期衰损,而非增长。迦叶,‘无信的人’——这是退失;无惭的……乃至……无愧的……懈怠的……劣慧的……忿怒的……迦叶,‘怨恨的人’——这是退失;迦叶,‘没有比丘作教诫者’——这是退失。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena…pe… hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. ‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ahiriko…pe… anottappī… kusīto… duppañño… kodhano… ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ.
已对照

“迦叶,凡任何人于诸善法有信……乃至……有惭……有愧……有精进……于诸善法有慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期增长,而非退减。

‘‘Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
PTS 2.208已对照

“迦叶,譬如在白分,月亮无论夜或昼到来,都只是于颜色增长,于圆轮增长,于光增长,于高与围增长。同样,迦叶,凡任何人于诸善法有信、有惭……有愧……有精进……于诸善法有慧,那么对他来说,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯可期增长,而非退减。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
已对照

“迦叶,‘有信的人’——这是不退失;有惭的……乃至……有愧的……发起精进的……有慧的……不忿怒的……迦叶,‘不怨恨的人’——这是不退失;迦叶,‘有比丘作教诫者’——这是不退失。”第七[经]。

‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; hirimā…pe… ottappī… āraddhavīriyo… paññavā… akkodhano… ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, aparihānameta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
已对照

八、第三教诫经

8. Tatiyaovādasuttaṃ
151已对照

一百五十一、在王舍城迦兰陀园。那时,具寿大迦叶来到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶,你要教诫诸比丘;迦叶,你要为诸比丘作法语。迦叶,或是我教诫诸比丘,或是你;或是我为诸比丘作法语,或是你。”

151. Rājagahe kalandakanivāpe [sāvatthi, ārāme (sī.)]. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
PTS 2.209缅 1.411已对照

“尊者,如今的比丘是难受劝者,具足诸作难受劝之法,不能忍、不善持教诫。”“迦叶,这是因为:从前的长老比丘们既是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者;既是常乞食者,也是常乞食之状的赞叹者;既是持粪扫衣者,也是持粪扫衣之状的赞叹者;既是三衣者,也是三衣之状的赞叹者;既是少欲者,也是少欲之状的赞叹者;既是知足者,也是知足之状的赞叹者;既是远离者,也是远离的赞叹者;既是不杂处者,也是不杂处的赞叹者;既是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者。

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsanī’’nti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana, kassapa, pubbe therā bhikkhū āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, appicchā ceva ahesuṃ appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādino, santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino, pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādino, asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādino, āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino.
已对照

“于此,凡有比丘既是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者,既是常乞食者,也是常乞食之状的赞叹者,既是持粪扫衣者,也是持粪扫衣之状的赞叹者,既是三衣者,也是三衣之状的赞叹者,既是少欲者,也是少欲之状的赞叹者,既是知足者,也是知足之状的赞叹者,既是远离者,也是远离的赞叹者,既是不杂处者,也是不杂处的赞叹者,既是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者,长老比丘们便以座位邀请他:‘来,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是贤善,这位比丘真是乐于学;来,比丘,请坐这个座位。’”

‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
已对照

“迦叶,于此,新学比丘们会这样想:‘据说凡有比丘既是林野住者,也是林野住之状的赞叹者,既是常乞食者……乃至……既是持粪扫衣者……既是三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离者……既是不杂处者……既是发起精进者,也是发起精进的赞叹者,长老比丘们便以座位邀请他——来,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是贤善,这位比丘真是乐于学;来,比丘,请坐这个座位。’他们便为了那样的状态而行道;那使他们长夜得利益与安乐。

‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti; tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
PTS 2.210已对照

“然而,迦叶,如今的长老比丘们既不是林野住者,也不是林野住之状的赞叹者;既不是常乞食者,也不是常乞食之状的赞叹者;既不是持粪扫衣者,也不是持粪扫衣之状的赞叹者;既不是三衣者,也不是三衣之状的赞叹者;既不是少欲者,也不是少欲之状的赞叹者;既不是知足者,也不是知足之状的赞叹者;既不是远离者,也不是远离的赞叹者;既不是不杂处者,也不是不杂处的赞叹者;既不是发起精进者,也不是发起精进的赞叹者。

‘‘Etarahi pana, kassapa, therā bhikkhū na ceva āraññikā na ca āraññikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva piṇḍapātikā na ca piṇḍapātikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva paṃsukūlikā na ca paṃsukūlikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva tecīvarikā na ca tecīvarikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva appicchā na ca appicchatāya vaṇṇavādino, na ceva santuṭṭhā na ca santuṭṭhiyā vaṇṇavādino, na ceva pavivittā na ca pavivekassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva asaṃsaṭṭhā na ca asaṃsaggassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva āraddhavīriyā na ca vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādino.
缅 1.412已对照

“于此,凡有比丘知名而有声誉,得到衣、钵食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具,长老比丘们便以座位邀请他:‘来,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是贤善,这位比丘真是希求同梵行者[围绕];来,比丘,请坐这个座位。’”

‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
已对照

“迦叶,于此,新学比丘们会这样想:‘据说凡有比丘知名而有声誉,得到衣、钵食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具,长老比丘们便以座位邀请他——来,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是贤善,这位比丘真是希求同梵行者[围绕];来,比丘,请坐这个座位。’他们便为了那样的状态而行道;那使他们长夜不利、受苦。迦叶,凡正确地说者所会说的——‘梵行者被梵行者的祸患所祸害,梵行者因梵行者的过度希求而[陷于]过度希求’——迦叶,如今正确地说者正会[这样]说——‘梵行者被梵行者的祸患所祸害,梵行者因梵行者的过度希求而[陷于]过度希求。’”第八[经]。

‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yañhi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā [abhibhavanā (sī.)] brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’ti [brahmacāriabhibhavanenāti (sī.)], etarahi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已对照

九、禅与神通经

9. Jhānābhiññasuttaṃ
152PTS 2.211已对照

一百五十二、住在舍卫城……乃至……“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。”

152. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati’’.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便寻、伺寂止,内洁净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜、乐,成就并住于第二禅。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便寻、伺寂止……乃至……成就并住于第二禅。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
缅 1.413已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便离喜,住于舍,具念与正知,以身受乐,正如圣者们所说的:‘舍、具念、乐住。’成就并住于第三禅。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便离喜,住于舍,具念与正知,以身受乐,正如圣者们所说的:‘舍、具念、乐住。’成就并住于第三禅。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便舍断乐与舍断苦,先前的喜、忧已经灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,成就并住于第四禅。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便舍断乐……乃至……成就并住于第四禅。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便完全超越色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,[知]‘虚空是无边的’,成就并住于空无边处。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便完全超越色想……乃至……成就并住于空无边处。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ananto ākāsoti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
PTS 2.212已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,成就并住于识无边处。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,成就并住于识无边处。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,成就并住于无所有处。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意……乃至……成就并住于无所有处。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便完全超越无所有处,成就并住于非想非非想处。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意……乃至……成就并住于非想非非想处。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便完全超越非想非非想处,成就并住于想受灭。诸比丘,迦叶也……乃至……成就并住于想受灭。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.
缅 1.414已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便体验多种神变——一身变成多身,多身合成一身;或显现,或隐没;穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍,犹如在虚空中;出没于大地之中,犹如在水中;在水上行走而不沉没,犹如在地上;在虚空中结跏趺坐而行,犹如有翼之鸟;甚至以手触摸、抚摸这有如此大神力、如此大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便体验多种神变……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi – ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi, bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tiropabbataṃ, asajjamāno gacchāmi, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便以清净、超人的天耳界,听见天的与人的两种声音,无论远的还是近的。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便以天耳界……乃至……无论远的还是近的。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi, dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…pe… dūre santike ca.
PTS 2.213已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便以自己的心遍知其他众生、其他人的心——有贪的心,了知为‘有贪的心’;离贪的心,了知为‘离贪的心’;有瞋的心……乃至……离瞋的心……有痴的心……离痴的心……萎缩的心……散乱的心……广大的心……不广大的心……有上的心……无上的心……得定的心……无定的心……解脱的心……未解脱的心,了知为‘未解脱的心’。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便以自己的心遍知其他众生、其他人的心——有贪的心,了知为‘有贪的心’……乃至……未解脱的心,了知为‘未解脱的心’。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
缅 1.415已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便回忆起多种宿住,即:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫——‘我在那里有如此的名字、如此的种姓、如此的容貌、如此的食物,经历如此的苦乐,有如此的寿量;从那里死后,投生到那里;在那里又有如此的名字、如此的种姓、如此的容貌、如此的食物,经历如此的苦乐,有如此的寿量;从那里死后,投生到这里。’如此,我回忆起具有行相、具有细节的多种宿住。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便回忆起多种宿住,即:一生……乃至……如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的多种宿住。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
PTS 2.214已对照

“诸比丘,我只要愿意,便以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡与投生:或低贱或高贵,或美丽或丑陋,或善趣或恶趣,了知众生随业而去——‘这些众生确实具足身恶行、具足语恶行、具足意恶行,诽谤圣者,持邪见,受持邪见之业;他们身坏命终之后,投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些众生具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行,不诽谤圣者,持正见,受持正见之业;他们身坏命终之后,投生于善趣、天界。’如此,我以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡与投生:或低贱或高贵,或美丽或丑陋,或善趣或恶趣,了知众生随业而去。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡……乃至……了知众生随业而去。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā, ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
已对照

“诸比丘,我由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。诸比丘,迦叶也由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。”第九[经]。

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
已对照

十、住处经

10. Upassayasuttaṃ
153PTS 2.215缅 1.416已对照

一百五十三、如是我闻——一时,具寿大迦叶住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独园。那时,具寿阿难在午前穿好[下]衣,取钵与衣,来到具寿大迦叶那里;到了之后,对具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶尊者,来,我们去某个比丘尼住处吧。”“阿难贤友,你去吧,你事务繁多、所作繁多。”第二次,具寿阿难对具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶尊者,来,我们去某个比丘尼住处吧。”“阿难贤友,你去吧,你事务繁多、所作繁多。”第三次,具寿阿难对具寿大迦叶这样说:“迦叶尊者,来,我们去某个比丘尼住处吧。”

153. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.
已对照

于是具寿大迦叶在午前穿好[下]衣,取钵与衣,以具寿阿难为随行沙门,来到某个比丘尼住处;到了之后,坐在所敷设的座位上。于是众多比丘尼来到具寿大迦叶那里;到了之后,礼敬具寿大迦叶,坐在一旁。具寿大迦叶以法语为坐在一旁的那些比丘尼开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜。于是具寿大迦叶以法语为那些比丘尼开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜之后,从座而起,离去了。

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā mahākassapo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
PTS 2.216已对照

于是偷兰帝须比丘尼心怀不悦,发出了不悦之语:“圣者大迦叶怎么竟认为可以在圣者阿难——毗提诃牟尼——的面前说法呢?譬如卖针者认为可以在制针者面前卖针;同样,圣者大迦叶竟认为可以在圣者阿难——毗提诃牟尼——的面前说法。”

Atha kho thullatissā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo, ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññati? Seyyathāpi nāma sūcivāṇijako sūcikārassa santike sūciṃ vikketabbaṃ maññeyya; evameva ayyo mahākassapo ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññatī’’ti.
缅 1.417已对照

具寿大迦叶听到了偷兰帝须比丘尼说这番话。于是具寿大迦叶对具寿阿难这样说:“阿难贤友,究竟是我是卖针者、你是制针者呢,还是我是制针者、你是卖针者呢?”“迦叶尊者,请原谅,女人是愚人。”“阿难贤友,你且住,莫让僧团更进一步详察你。”

Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullatissāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ahaṃ sūcivāṇijako, tvaṃ sūcikāro; udāhu ahaṃ sūcikāro, tvaṃ sūcivāṇijako’’ti? ‘‘Khama, bhante kassapa, bālo mātugāmo’’ti. ‘‘Āgamehi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, mā te saṅgho uttari upaparikkhi’’.
已对照

“阿难贤友,你认为怎样,你可曾在世尊面前、在比丘僧团中被这样引举——‘诸比丘,我只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。诸比丘,阿难也只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅’?”“不是的,尊者。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
已对照

“贤友,我曾在世尊面前、在比丘僧团中被这样引举——‘诸比丘,我只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。诸比丘,迦叶也只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法……乃至……成就并住于初禅’……乃至……(九次第住等至与五神通,应这样详说。)

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ti…pe…. (Navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo.)
PTS 2.217已对照

“阿难贤友,你认为怎样,你可曾在世尊面前、在比丘僧团中被这样引举——‘诸比丘,我由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。诸比丘,阿难也由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住’?”“不是的,尊者。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
已对照

“贤友,我曾在世尊面前、在比丘僧团中被这样引举——‘诸比丘,我由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。诸比丘,迦叶也由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。’

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti.
已对照

“贤友,凡认为我的六神通可以遮掩者,他也就会认为一头七肘高或七肘半高的象可用一小片多罗叶遮掩。”

‘‘Sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
已对照

而偷兰帝须比丘尼从梵行退堕了。第十[经]。

Cavittha ca pana thullatissā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Dasamaṃ.
已对照

十一、衣经

11. Cīvarasuttaṃ
154缅 1.418已对照

一百五十四、一时,具寿大迦叶(Mahākassapa)住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀园。那时,具寿阿难(Ānanda)与大比丘僧团一起在南山(Dakkhiṇāgiri)游行。

154. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ.
PTS 2.218已对照

那时,具寿阿难约有三十位共住弟子比丘舍弃学处而还俗了,[他们]大多是年少者。于是,具寿阿难在南山随意游行之后,来到王舍城竹林迦兰陀园、具寿大迦叶之处;到了之后,礼敬具寿大迦叶,坐在一旁。具寿大迦叶对坐在一旁的具寿阿难这样说:“阿难贤友,世尊是依据几种利益,而在诸俗家中制定三人食(tikabhojana)的呢?”

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārino bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā bhavanti yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā. Atha kho āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ cārikaṃ caritvā yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, āvuso ānanda, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti?
已对照

“迦叶尊者,世尊是依据三种利益,而在诸俗家中制定三人食的:为了制伏无羞之人(dummaṅku),为了善良比丘们的安乐住,[为了]不让恶欲者依党派而破僧团,以及出于对诸俗家的怜悯。迦叶尊者,世尊正是依据这三种利益,而在诸俗家中制定三人食的。”

‘‘Tayo kho, bhante kassapa, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyuṃ [vinayapiṭake cūḷavagge saṃghabhedakakkhandhake vajirabuddhiyaṃ aññathā sambandho dassito], kulānuddayatāya ca. Ime kho, bhante kassapa, tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti.
已对照

“阿难贤友,那么你为什么与这些于诸根不护门、于食不知量、不勤修警寤的新比丘一起游行呢?我看你是在毁坏庄稼而游行,我看你是在毁害俗家而游行。阿难贤友,你的会众在崩溃;贤友,你那些大多是新人的[弟子]在瓦解。这孩子真不知分量啊!”

‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi? Sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati [ullujjati (sī. aṭṭhakathāsu ca)] kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
PTS 2.219缅 1.419已对照

“迦叶尊者,我头上已生白发了,然而直到今天,我们还是免不了具寿大迦叶的‘孩子’之语。”“阿难贤友,正因为你与这些于诸根不护门、于食不知量、不勤修警寤的新比丘一起游行,我看你是在毁坏庄稼而游行,我看你是在毁害俗家而游行。阿难贤友,你的会众在崩溃;贤友,你那些大多是新人的[弟子]在瓦解。这孩子真不知分量啊!”

‘‘Api me, bhante kassapa, sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni. Atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmā’’ti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. [palujjati kho te āvuso ānanda parisā (ka. sī.)] Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
已对照

偷兰难陀(Thullanandā)比丘尼听说:“据说圣者大迦叶以‘孩子’之语贬斥了圣者阿难——毗提诃牟尼(vedehamuni)。”

Assosi kho thullanandā bhikkhunī – ‘‘ayyena kira mahākassapena ayyo ānando vedehamuni kumārakavādena apasādito’’ti.
已对照

于是偷兰难陀比丘尼心怀不悦,发出了不悦之语:“圣者大迦叶先前是其他外道者,怎么竟认为可以用‘孩子’之语贬斥圣者阿难——毗提诃牟尼呢!”具寿大迦叶听到了偷兰难陀比丘尼说这番话。

Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo aññatitthiyapubbo samāno ayyaṃ ānandaṃ vedehamuniṃ kumārakavādena apasādetabbaṃ maññatī’’ti! Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya.
PTS 2.220已对照

于是具寿大迦叶对具寿阿难这样说:“阿难贤友,偷兰难陀比丘尼确实是仓促地、未加省思便说出了这话。贤友,自从我剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,舍离俗家而出家,成为无家者以来,除了那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之外,我不知道指认其他的导师。贤友,从前我还在家时,这样想:‘在家生活是狭窄的尘垢之道,出家则是空旷开阔的。住在家中,不容易行持完全圆满、完全清净、如磨光的螺贝般的梵行。我何不剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,舍离俗家而出家,成为无家者呢?’贤友,后来某个时候,我令人作了碎布(paṭapilotika)僧伽梨,以世间所有的阿罗汉为[目标],剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,舍离俗家而出家,成为无家者。

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tagghāvuso ānanda, thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā. Yatvāhaṃ, āvuso, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, nābhijānāmi aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisitā [uddisituṃ (sī. pī. ka.)], aññatra tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Pubbe me, āvuso, agārikabhūtassa sato etadahosi – ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho [rajopatho (sī.)], abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ kāretvā [karitvā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] ye loke arahanto te uddissa kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajiṃ.
缅 1.420已对照

我这样出家之后,走在大道上,看见世尊坐在王舍城与那烂陀之间的多子塔庙(Bahuputta cetiya)。看见之后,我这样想:‘我若得见导师,所见的就正是世尊;我若得见善逝,所见的就正是世尊;我若得见正等正觉者,所见的就正是世尊。’贤友,于是我就在那里以头礼世尊双足,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,世尊是我的导师,我是弟子;尊者,世尊是我的导师,我是弟子。’贤友,这样说时,世尊对我这样说:‘迦叶,谁若对如此以全心具足的弟子,不知而说“我知”,不见而说“我见”,他的头也会裂开。迦叶,而我是知而说“我知”,见而说“我见”。’

So evaṃ pabbajito samāno addhānamaggappaṭipanno addasaṃ bhagavantaṃ antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ bahuputte cetiye nisinnaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi – ‘satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ; bhagavantameva passeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi; satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’ti. Evaṃ vutte maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘yo kho, kassapa, evaṃ sabbacetasā samannāgataṃ sāvakaṃ ajānaññeva vadeyya jānāmīti, apassaññeva vadeyya passāmīti, muddhāpi tassa vipateyya. Ahaṃ kho pana, kassapa, jānaññeva vadāmi jānāmīti, passaññeva vadāmi passāmī’ti.
已对照

所以,迦叶,你应当这样修学:‘我对诸长老、诸新学、诸中座的强烈惭愧将会现起。’迦叶,你应当这样修学。

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbaṃ me hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimesū’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
已对照

所以,迦叶,你应当这样修学:‘凡我所要听闻的任何与善相关的法,我都要把它全部视为所需、作意、以全心专注,倾耳而听闻法。’迦叶,你应当这样修学。

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dhammaṃ suṇissāmi kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karitvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
已对照

所以,迦叶,你应当这样修学:‘我那与乐俱行的身至念将不会舍离[我]。’迦叶,你应当这样修学。

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sātasahagatā ca me kāyagatāsati na vijahissatī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbanti.
PTS 2.221已对照

“贤友,于是世尊以这教诫教诫我之后,从座起身离去了。贤友,我只有七天是尚有烦恼地受用国中团食的。”第八天,究竟智生起了。

‘‘Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Sattāhameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, saraṇo [sāṇo (sī.)] raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjiṃ’’. Aṭṭhamiyā aññā udapādi.
已对照

“贤友,那时世尊从道路走下,来到一棵树下。贤友,于是我把碎布僧伽梨叠成四层敷设,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,愿世尊坐在这里,这会使我长久得到利益与安乐。’贤友,世尊坐在所敷设的座位上。贤友,世尊坐下之后,对我这样说:‘迦叶,你这碎布僧伽梨真柔软。’‘尊者,愿世尊出于怜悯,接受我的碎布僧伽梨。’‘迦叶,那么你能穿用我这穿旧了的麻粪扫衣吗?’‘尊者,我能穿用世尊这穿旧了的麻粪扫衣。’“贤友,于是我把碎布僧伽梨给了世尊,而我承受了世尊的穿旧了的麻粪扫衣。”

‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ. Ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajjiṃ’’.
缅 1.421已对照

“贤友,凡若有人正确地说‘[他是]世尊的儿子、嫡子,从口所生,从法所生,由法所化,是法的继承者,受取了穿旧了的麻粪扫衣’——正确地说时,那正是指我而说:‘[他是]世尊的儿子、嫡子,从口所生,从法所生,由法所化,是法的继承者,受取了穿旧了的麻粪扫衣。’”

‘‘Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni [paṭiggahetā (sī.)] sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’’’ti.
PTS 2.222已对照

“贤友,我只要愿意,便离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。贤友,我只要愿意……乃至……(九次第住等至与五神通,应这样详说。)

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi…pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattinaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo).
已对照

“贤友,我由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住;贤友,凡认为我的六神通可以遮掩者,他也就会认为一头七肘高或七肘半高的象可用一小片多罗叶遮掩。”

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi; sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
已对照

而偷兰难陀比丘尼从梵行退堕了。第十一[经]。

Cavittha ca pana thullanandā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Ekādasamaṃ.
已对照

十二、死后经

12. Paraṃmaraṇasuttaṃ
155PTS 2.223缅 1.422已对照

一百五十五、一时,具寿大迦叶与具寿舍利弗住在波罗奈仙人堕处鹿野苑。那时,具寿舍利弗于傍晚时分从静坐起身,来到具寿大迦叶之处;到了之后,与具寿大迦叶互相问候;互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿舍利弗对具寿大迦叶这样说:“贤友迦叶,如来死后存在吗?”“贤友,世尊对这一点不作解答:‘如来死后存在。’”“那么,贤友,如来死后不存在吗?”“贤友,世尊对这一点也不作解答:‘如来死后不存在。’”“贤友,如来死后既存在又不存在吗?”“贤友,世尊对这一点不作解答:‘如来死后既存在又不存在。’”“那么,贤友,如来死后既非存在又非不存在吗?”“贤友,世尊对这一点也不作解答:‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在。’”“贤友,世尊为什么对这一点不作解答呢?”“贤友,因为这不具有义利,非梵行之初,不导向厌离、离贪、灭、寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃,所以世尊对它不作解答。”

155. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso kassapa, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, neva hoti, na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Na hetaṃ, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ nādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti.
已对照

“那么,贤友,世尊解答了什么呢?”“贤友,‘此是苦’——世尊对这一点作了解答;‘此是苦之集’——世尊对这一点作了解答;‘此是苦之灭’——世尊对这一点作了解答;‘此是导至苦灭之道’——世尊对这一点作了解答。”“贤友,世尊为什么对这一点作了解答呢?”“贤友,因为这具有义利,这是梵行之初,这导向厌离、离贪、灭、寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃,所以世尊对它作了解答。”第十二[经]。

‘‘Atha kiñcarahāvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ ‘dukkha’nti kho, āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhasamudayo’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodho’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Etañhi, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ etaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
已对照

十三、相似正法经

13. Saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ
156PTS 2.224已对照

一百五十六、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独园。那时,具寿大迦叶来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿大迦叶对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得从前学处较少,而安立于究竟智的比丘较多?尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,使得如今学处较多,而安立于究竟智的比丘较少?”“迦叶,正是这样:当众生衰退、正法隐没时,学处就较多,而安立于究竟智的比丘较少。迦叶,只要相似正法尚未在世间生起,正法就不会隐没。迦叶,而一旦相似正法在世间生起,那时正法就隐没。”

156. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu? Ko pana, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti? ‘‘Evañcetaṃ, kassapa, hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne, bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahanti. Na tāva, kassapa, saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti’’.
缅 1.423已对照

“迦叶,譬如只要相似黄金尚未在世间生起,黄金就不会隐没。迦叶,而一旦相似黄金在世间生起,那时黄金就隐没。迦叶,正是这样,只要相似正法尚未在世间生起,正法就不会隐没。迦叶,而一旦相似正法在世间生起,那时正法就隐没。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, na tāva jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, kassapa, na tāva saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
已对照

“迦叶,地界不使正法隐没,水界不使正法隐没,火界不使正法隐没,风界不使正法隐没;而是就在这里,他们生起——那些使这正法隐没的愚痴人。迦叶,譬如船正因装载而沉没;迦叶,正法的隐没并不是这样。

‘‘Na kho, kassapa, pathavīdhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na āpodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na tejodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na vāyodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti; atha kho idheva te uppajjanti moghapurisā ye imaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpenti. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, nāvā ādikeneva opilavati; na kho, kassapa, evaṃ saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
PTS 2.225已对照

“迦叶,有这五种导致下堕的法,导向正法的忘失、隐没。哪五种?迦叶,在此,比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住,对法不恭敬、不顺从而住,对僧不恭敬、不顺从而住,对学不恭敬、不顺从而住,对定不恭敬、不顺从而住——迦叶,这就是那五种导致下堕的法,导向正法的忘失、隐没。

‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari agāravā viharanti appatissā, dhamme agāravā viharanti appatissā, saṅghe agāravā viharanti appatissā, sikkhāya agāravā viharanti appatissā, samādhismiṃ agāravā viharanti appatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
已对照

“迦叶,有这五种法,导向正法的住立、不忘失、不隐没。哪五种?迦叶,在此,比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师恭敬、顺从而住,对法恭敬、顺从而住,对僧恭敬、顺从而住,对学恭敬、顺从而住,对定恭敬、顺从而住——迦叶,这就是那五种法,导向正法的住立、不忘失、不隐没。”第十三[经]。

‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, dhamme sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, saṅghe sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, sikkhāya sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, samādhismiṃ sagāravā viharanti sappatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Terasamaṃ.
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《迦叶相应》完毕。

Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.
已对照

其摄颂——

知足以及无愧者,月喻、常往来俗家者;

衰老、三教诫,禅与神通、住处;

衣、死后,[以及]相似正法。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Santuṭṭhañca anottappī, candūpamaṃ kulūpakaṃ;
Jiṇṇaṃ tayo ca ovādā, jhānābhiññā upassayaṃ;
Cīvaraṃ paraṃmaraṇaṃ, saddhammappatirūpakanti.