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相应部 · 蕴相应·可食品 8. Khajjanīyavaggo

本经目录八、可食品一、味著经二、集起经三、第二集起经四、阿罗汉经五、第二阿罗汉经六、狮子经七、可食经八、乞食经九、波利雷雅经十、满月经可食品第八。

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八、可食品

8. Khajjanīyavaggo
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一、味著经

1. Assādasuttaṃ
73PTS 3.82已对照

七十三、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,无闻凡夫不如实了知色的味著(assāda)、过患(ādīnava)与出离(nissaraṇa);不如实了知受……想……诸行……识的味著、过患与出离。诸比丘,而有闻的圣弟子如实了知色的味著、过患与出离;如实了知受……想……诸行……识的味著、过患与出离。”第一[经]。

73. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanā … saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、集起经

2. Samudayasuttaṃ
74缅 2.68已对照

七十四、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,无闻凡夫不如实了知色的集起(samudaya)、灭没(atthaṅgama)、味著、过患与出离;不如实了知受……想……诸行……识的集起、灭没、味著、过患与出离。诸比丘,而有闻的圣弟子如实了知色的集起、灭没、味著、过患与出离;如实了知受……想……诸行……识的集起、灭没、味著、过患与出离。”第二[经]。

74. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、第二集起经

3. Dutiyasamudayasuttaṃ
75已对照

七十五、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,有闻的圣弟子如实了知色的集起、灭没、味著、过患与出离;如实了知受……想……诸行……识的集起、灭没、味著、过患与出离。”第三[经]。

75. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Sutavā, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、阿罗汉经

4. Arahantasuttaṃ
76PTS 3.83缅 2.69已对照

七十六、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,色是无常;凡无常的即是苦;凡苦的即是无我;凡无我的,那便是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——应当以正慧如实这样见它。受……想……诸行……识是无常;凡无常的即是苦;凡苦的即是无我;凡无我的,那便是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——应当以正慧如实这样见它。”

“诸比丘,这样见时,有闻的圣弟子于色也厌离,于受也……于想也……于诸行也……于识也厌离;厌离而离贪,由离贪而解脱,于解脱便有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’诸比丘,凡众生居有多少、有顶有多广,于世间中,这些是最上者,这些是最胜者——即诸阿罗汉。”

世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说:

“诸阿罗汉确实是安乐的,他们的渴爱不存在;

我慢已被断绝,痴网已被撕破。

“他们已证得不动,他们的心无浊;

他们于世间不染著,是成为梵者,是无漏者。

“遍知了五蕴,以七正法为行处;

值得称赞的诸善士,是佛的诸胸生之子。

“具足七宝,于三学中已受学;

诸大雄随处游行,已断怖畏与骇畏。

“具足十支,得定的诸大龙象;

他们确实是世间的最胜者,他们的渴爱不存在。

“无学之智已生起,这是最后的身躯;

凡是梵行的心材,他们于彼不依他缘。

“于诸慢类不动摇,已从再有中彻底解脱;

已达调伏之地,他们是世间的胜利者。

“上方、横方、下方,他们的欢喜不存在;

他们作狮子吼,是世间无上的觉者。”

第四[经]。

76. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Sukhino vata arahanto, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati;
Asmimāno samucchinno, mohajālaṃ padālitaṃ.
‘‘Anejaṃ te anuppattā, cittaṃ tesaṃ anāvilaṃ;
Loke anupalittā te, brahmabhūtā anāsavā.
‘‘Pañcakkhandhe pariññāya, satta saddhammagocarā;
Pasaṃsiyā sappurisā, puttā buddhassa orasā.
‘‘Sattaratanasampannā, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhitā;
Anuvicaranti mahāvīrā, pahīnabhayabheravā.
‘‘Dasahaṅgehi sampannā, mahānāgā samāhitā;
Ete kho seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati.
‘‘Asekhañāṇamuppannaṃ, antimoyaṃ [antimassa (ka.)] samussayo;
Yo sāro brahmacariyassa, tasmiṃ aparapaccayā.
‘‘Vidhāsu na vikampanti, vippamuttā punabbhavā;
Dantabhūmimanuppattā, te loke vijitāvino.
‘‘Uddhaṃ tiriyaṃ apācīnaṃ, nandī tesaṃ na vijjati;
Nadanti te sīhanādaṃ, buddhā loke anuttarā’’ti. catutthaṃ;
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五、第二阿罗汉经

5. Dutiyaarahantasuttaṃ
77已对照

七十七、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,色是无常;凡无常的即是苦;凡苦的即是无我;凡无我的,那便是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’……乃至……应当以正慧如实这样见它。”

“诸比丘,这样见时,有闻的圣弟子于色也厌离,于受也……于想也……于诸行也……于识也厌离;厌离而离贪,由离贪而解脱,于解脱便有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’诸比丘,凡众生居有多少、有顶有多广,于世间中,这些是最上者,这些是最胜者——即诸阿罗汉。”

第五[经]。

77. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti…pe… evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、狮子经

6. Sīhasuttaṃ
78PTS 3.85缅 2.70已对照

七十八、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,兽王狮子在傍晚时从巢穴出来;从巢穴出来之后,伸展[身体];伸展之后,环顾周遍四方;环顾周遍四方之后,三度作狮子吼;三度作狮子吼之后,前往觅食。诸比丘,凡是畜生之类的生物,听到兽王狮子吼叫的声音,大多生起怖畏、悚惧、惊怖:穴居者进入洞穴,水居者进入水中,林居者进入林中,鸟类投向空中。诸比丘,那些在村落、市镇、王都中被坚固的皮带所系缚的国王的诸象,它们也挣断、扯破那些系缚,惊恐地排出屎尿,四处奔逃。诸比丘,兽王狮子对于畜生之类的生物,就是这样有大神通、这样有大权势、这样有大威力。”

“诸比丘,同样地,当如来出现于世间——阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上者、调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。他说法:‘这是色,这是色的集起,这是色的灭没;这是受……这是想……这是诸行……这是识,这是识的集起,这是识的灭没。’诸比丘,那些寿命长久、容色美好、多有安乐、久住于高大天宫中的诸天,他们听了如来的说法之后,也大多生起怖畏、悚惧、惊怖:‘诸君,据说我们原是无常的,却以为我们是常的;诸君,据说我们原是不坚固的,却以为我们是坚固的;诸君,据说我们原是不常恒的,却以为我们是常恒的。诸君,据说我们也是无常的、不坚固的、不常恒的、属于有身的。’诸比丘,如来对于连同天界的世间,就是这样有大神通、这样有大权势、这样有大威力。”世尊说了这[番话]……乃至……导师又接着这样说:

“当佛陀证知之后,转起法轮,

[他是]连同天界之世间的无与伦比的导师;

“[他宣说]有身与[有身之]灭,以及有身之生起,

以及趣向苦之寂止的八支圣道。

“那些寿命长久、容色美好、具荣光的诸天,

也怖畏而陷入惊怖,犹如其余诸兽[之于]狮子;

‘我们未超越有身,诸君,据说我们是无常的’——

[他们]听闻了阿罗汉、已解脱的如如者的言语。”

第六[经]。

78. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Sīho, bhikkhave, migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati; āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati; vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi; samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati; tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamati. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā sīhassa migarañño nadato saddaṃ suṇanti; yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti; bilaṃ bilāsayā pavisanti; dakaṃ dakāsayā pavisanti; vanaṃ vanāsayā pavisanti; ākāsaṃ pakkhino bhajanti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu, daḷhehi varattehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṃ cajamānā [mocantā (pī. ka.)], yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, sīho migarājā tiracchānagatānaṃ pāṇānaṃ, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’.
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yadā tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So dhammaṃ deseti – ‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti – ‘aniccāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā niccamhāti amaññimha. Addhuvāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā dhuvamhāti amaññimha. Asassatāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā sassatamhāti amaññimha. Mayampi kira, bho, aniccā addhuvā asassatā sakkāyapariyāpannā’ti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, tathāgato sadevakassa lokassa, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Yadā buddho abhiññāya, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayi;
Sadevakassa lokassa, satthā appaṭipuggalo.
‘‘Sakkāyañca nirodhañca, sakkāyassa ca sambhavaṃ;
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā devā, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Bhītā santāsamāpāduṃ, sīhassevitare migā.
Avītivattā sakkāyaṃ, aniccā kira bho mayaṃ;
Sutvā arahato vākyaṃ, vippamuttassa tādino’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
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七、可食经

7. Khajjanīyasuttaṃ
79已对照

七十九、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,凡任何沙门或婆罗门,回忆许多种宿住(pubbenivāsa)时,他们所回忆的全都是五取蕴(pañcupādānakkhandhā),或其中的某一个。哪五个呢?‘于过去世,我曾为如是色者’——诸比丘,或这样回忆时,他所回忆的唯是色。‘于过去世,我曾为如是受者’——诸比丘,或这样回忆时,他所回忆的唯是受。‘于过去世,我曾为如是想者’……‘于过去世,我曾为如是行者’……‘于过去世,我曾为如是识者’——诸比丘,或这样回忆时,他所回忆的唯是识。”

79. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaramānā anussaranti sabbete pañcupādānakkhandhe anussaranti etesaṃ vā aññataraṃ. Katame pañca? ‘Evaṃrūpo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno rūpaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃvedano ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno vedanaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃsañño ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃsaṅkhāro ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃviññāṇo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno viññāṇameva anussarati’’.
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“诸比丘,你们为何说‘色’呢?诸比丘,正因为变坏(ruppati),所以称为‘色’。以什么而变坏呢?以寒也变坏,以热也变坏,以饥也变坏,以渴也变坏,以虻、蚊、风、日晒、爬虫之触也变坏。诸比丘,正因为变坏,所以称为‘色’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ vadetha? Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati. Kena ruppati? Sītenapi ruppati, uṇhenapi ruppati, jighacchāyapi ruppati, pipāsāyapi ruppati, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassenapi [… siriṃsapasamphassenapi (sī. pī.)] ruppati. Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati.
PTS 3.87已对照

“诸比丘,你们为何说‘受’呢?诸比丘,正因为感受(vedayati),所以称为‘受’。感受什么呢?也感受乐,也感受苦,也感受不苦不乐。诸比丘,正因为感受,所以称为‘受’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, vedanaṃ vadetha? Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati. Kiñca vedayati? Sukhampi vedayati, dukkhampi vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedayati. Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati.
已对照

“诸比丘,你们为何说‘想’呢?诸比丘,正因为想知(sañjānāti),所以称为‘想’。想知什么呢?也想知青,也想知黄,也想知赤,也想知白。诸比丘,正因为想知,所以称为‘想’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, saññaṃ vadetha? Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati. Kiñca sañjānāti? Nīlampi sañjānāti, pītakampi sañjānāti, lohitakampi sañjānāti, odātampi sañjānāti. Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati.
缅 2.72已对照

“诸比丘,你们为何说‘诸行’呢?诸比丘,正因为造作有为(saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti),所以称为‘诸行’。造作什么有为呢?为了色性而造作有为之色,为了受性而造作有为之受,为了想性而造作有为之想,为了行性而造作有为之诸行,为了识性而造作有为之识。诸比丘,正因为造作有为,所以称为‘诸行’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, saṅkhāre vadetha? Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati. Kiñca saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti? Rūpaṃ rūpattāya [rūpatthāya (ka.)] saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, vedanaṃ vedanattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saññaṃ saññattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saṅkhāre saṅkhārattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, viññāṇaṃ viññāṇattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti. Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati.
已对照

“诸比丘,你们为何说‘识’呢?诸比丘,正因为识知(vijānāti),所以称为‘识’。识知什么呢?也识知酸,也识知苦,也识知辛,也识知甜,也识知碱,也识知非碱,也识知咸,也识知非咸。诸比丘,正因为识知,所以称为‘识’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ vadetha? Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati. Kiñca vijānāti? Ambilampi vijānāti, tittakampi vijānāti, kaṭukampi vijānāti, madhurampi vijānāti, khārikampi vijānāti, akhārikampi vijānāti, loṇikampi vijānāti, aloṇikampi vijānāti. Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati.
已对照

“诸比丘,此中,有闻的圣弟子这样思察:‘我如今被色所食(khajjāmi)。于过去世,我也正是这样被色所食,犹如如今被现在的色所食一样。而若我欢喜未来的色,于未来世,我也会正是这样被色所食,犹如如今被现在的色所食一样。’他这样省思之后,于过去的色无所顾恋;不欢喜未来的色;为了对现在的色的厌离、离贪、灭而行道。

‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ kho etarahi rūpena khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ rūpaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ, anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ rūpasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ rūpaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
PTS 3.88已对照

“‘我如今被受所食。于过去世,我也正是这样被受所食,犹如如今被现在的受所食一样。而若我欢喜未来的受,于未来世,我也会正是这样被受所食,犹如如今被现在的受所食一样。’他这样省思之后,于过去的受无所顾恋;不欢喜未来的受;为了对现在的受的厌离、离贪、灭而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi vedanāya khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ vedanaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītāya vedanāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ vedanaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya vedanāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
缅 2.73已对照

“‘我如今被想所食……乃至……我如今被诸行所食。于过去世,我也正是这样被诸行所食,犹如如今被现在的诸行所食一样。而若我欢喜未来的诸行,于未来世,我也会正是这样被诸行所食,犹如如今被现在的诸行所食一样。’他这样省思之后,于过去的诸行无所顾恋;不欢喜未来的诸行;为了对现在的诸行的厌离、离贪、灭而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi saññāya khajjāmi…pe… ahaṃ kho etarahi saṅkhārehi khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmīti. Ahañceva kho pana anāgate saṅkhāre abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītesu saṅkhāresu anapekkho hoti; anāgate saṅkhāre nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
已对照

“‘我如今被识所食。于过去世也正是这样被识所食,犹如如今被现在的识所食一样。而若我欢喜未来的识,于未来世,我也会正是这样被识所食,犹如如今被现在的识所食一样。’他这样省思之后,于过去的识无所顾恋;不欢喜未来的识;为了对现在的识的厌离、离贪、灭而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi viññāṇena khajjāmi. Atītampi addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ viññāṇasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa viññāṇassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
PTS 3.89已对照

“诸比丘,你们认为怎样,色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“而那无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那无常、苦、变易之法的,适宜这样观它——‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’——吗?”“不适宜,尊者。”“受……想……诸行……识是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“而那无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那无常、苦、变易之法的,适宜这样观它——‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’——吗?”“不适宜,尊者。”“因此,诸比丘,凡任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,一切色都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——应当以正慧如实这样见它。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何诸行……凡任何识,无论过去、未来、现在……乃至……远或近,一切识都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——应当以正慧如实这样见它。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā … saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ…pe… yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
PTS 3.90缅 2.74已对照

“诸比丘,这称为:圣弟子损减(apacināti)而不积集(ācināti);断除(pajahati)而不执取(upādiyati);散开(visineti)而不堆聚(ussineti);熄灭(vidhūpeti)而不点燃(sandhūpeti)。损减什么而不积集?损减色而不积集;损减受……想……诸行……识而不积集。断除什么而不执取?断除色而不执取;断除受……想……诸行……识而不执取。散开什么而不堆聚?散开色而不堆聚;散开受……想……诸行……识而不堆聚。熄灭什么而不点燃?熄灭色而不点燃;熄灭受……想……诸行……识而不点燃。

‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako apacināti, no ācināti; pajahati [no (sī.)], na upādiyati; visineti [no (sī.)], na ussineti; vidhūpeti [no (sī.)], na sandhūpeti. Kiñca apacināti, no ācināti? Rūpaṃ apacināti, no ācināti; vedanaṃ … saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ apacināti, no ācināti. Kiñca pajahati, na upādiyati? Rūpaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati. Kiñca visineti, na ussineti? Rūpaṃ visineti, na ussineti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ visineti, na ussineti. Kiñca vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti? Rūpaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti.
已对照

“诸比丘,这样见时,有闻的圣弟子于色也厌离,于受也……于想也……于诸行也……于识也厌离。由厌离而离贪;由离贪而解脱。于解脱便有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’

‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.
已对照

“诸比丘,这称为:比丘既不积集也不损减,[而是]损减了而住立;既不断除也不执取,[而是]断除了而住立;既不散开也不堆聚,[而是]散开了而住立;既不熄灭也不点燃,[而是]熄灭了而住立。对什么既不积集也不损减,[而是]损减了而住立?对色既不积集也不损减,[而是]损减了而住立;对受……想……诸行……识既不积集也不损减,[而是]损减了而住立。对什么既不断除也不执取,[而是]断除了而住立?对色既不断除也不执取,[而是]断除了而住立;对受……想……诸行……识既不断除也不执取,[而是]断除了而住立。对什么既不散开也不堆聚,[而是]散开了而住立?对色既不散开也不堆聚,[而是]散开了而住立;对受……想……诸行……识既不散开也不堆聚,[而是]散开了而住立。对什么既不熄灭也不点燃,[而是]熄灭了而住立?对色既不熄灭也不点燃,[而是]熄灭了而住立;对受……想……诸行……识既不熄灭也不点燃,[而是]熄灭了而住立。诸比丘,对这样心已解脱的比丘,有帝释的、有梵天的、有生主的诸天(saindā devā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā),即使在远处也礼敬——

‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nevācināti na apacināti, apacinitvā ṭhito neva pajahati na upādiyati, pajahitvā ṭhito neva visineti na ussineti, visinetvā ṭhito neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito kiñca nevācināti na apacināti? Apacinitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ nevācināti na apacināti; apacinitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ nevācināti na apacināti. Apacinitvā ṭhito kiñca neva pajahati na upādiyati? Pajahitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati; pajahitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati. Pajahitvā ṭhito kiñca neva visineti na ussineti? Visinetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva visineti na ussineti; visinetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva visineti na ussineti. Visinetvā ṭhito kiñca neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti? Vidhūpetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti; vidhūpetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito evaṃvimuttacittaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ saindā devā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā ārakāva namassanti –
PTS 3.91已对照

‘礼敬您,人中良骏!礼敬您,人中最上者!

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
已对照

对您,我们不能证知:您依止什么而禅修。’”第七[经]。

Yassa te nābhijānāma, yampi nissāya jhāyasī’’ti. sattamaṃ;
已对照

八、乞食经

8. Piṇḍolyasuttaṃ
80缅 2.75已对照

八十、一时,世尊住在释迦[国]迦毘罗卫(Kapilavatthu)的尼拘陀园(Nigrodhārāma)。那时,世尊因某一事由(pakaraṇa)遣退了比丘僧团,于上午着衣持钵与衣,为行乞而入迦毘罗卫。在迦毘罗卫行乞、食后从行乞归来,便往大林(Mahāvana)去,为度日间。入了大林,在木苹果树苗(Beluvalaṭṭhikā)下为度日间而坐。

80. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho bhagavā kismiñcideva pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇāmetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kapilavatthusmiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena mahāvanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā beluvalaṭṭhikāya mūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
已对照

那时,世尊独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的思虑:‘比丘僧团已被我驱遣了。此中有比丘是新学的、出家不久的、新近来到这法与律的。他们见不到我时,或会有变异,或会有变易。犹如幼小的犊子见不到母亲时,或会有变异,或会有变易;正是这样,此中有比丘是新学的、出家不久的、新近来到这法与律的,他们见不到我时,或会有变异,或会有变易。犹如幼嫩的种子得不到水时,或会有变异,或会有变易;正是这样,此中……乃至……他们得不到见我时,或会有变异,或会有变易。我何不正如从前比丘僧团被我所摄益那样,如今也同样摄益比丘僧团呢?’

Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘mayā kho bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha…pe… tesaṃ mamaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yatheva mayā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇheyyaṃ bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
PTS 3.92缅 2.76已对照

那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思虑,便犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从梵天界隐没,出现在世尊面前。那时,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:“正是这样,世尊;正是这样,善逝!尊者,世尊的比丘僧团已被驱遣了。此中有比丘是新学的、出家不久的、新近来到这法与律的。他们见不到世尊时,或会有变异,或会有变易。犹如幼小的犊子见不到母亲时,或会有变异,或会有变易;正是这样,此中有比丘是新学的、出家不久的、新近来到这法与律的,他们见不到世尊时,或会有变异,或会有变易。犹如幼嫩的种子得不到水时,或会有变异,或会有变易;正是这样,此中有比丘是新学的、出家不久的、新近来到这法与律的,他们得不到见世尊时,或会有变异,或会有变易。尊者,愿世尊欢喜比丘僧团;尊者,愿世尊称说比丘僧团。正如从前比丘僧团被世尊所摄益那样,愿[世尊]如今也同样摄益比丘僧团。”

Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā; evametaṃ, sugata! Bhagavato, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Yatheva bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
已对照

世尊以默然表示接受。那时,娑婆主梵天知道世尊已经接受,便礼敬世尊,右绕之后,就在那里隐没。

Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
PTS 3.93已对照

那时,世尊于傍晚从静坐起身,前往尼拘陀园;到了之后,坐在所设的座上。坐下之后,世尊作了这样的神通的造作(iddhābhisaṅkhāra):使那些比丘一个、两个地,带着羞怯之相,来到我之处。那些比丘也就一个、两个地,带着羞怯之相,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的那些比丘这样说——

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena nigrodhārāmo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi [abhisaṅkhāresi (syā. kaṃ.), abhisaṅkhāyi (pī.), abhisaṅkharoti (ka.)] yathā te bhikkhū (ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yenāhaṃ [yena bhagavā (?)] tenupasaṅkameyyuṃ. Tepi bhikkhū ) [( ) sī. syā. kaṃ. potthakesu natthi] ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca –
已对照

“诸比丘,诸活命之中这是末等的,即乞食(piṇḍolya)。诸比丘,这在世间是一句咒骂:‘你这乞食者,手里拿着钵到处走!’然而,诸比丘,这[乞食]——良家子们以义利之力为由、缘于义利之力而趋入它;他们不是被国王所押,不是被盗贼所押,不是为债所迫,不是为怖畏所迫,不是为生计所困,而是[想]:‘我们已沉陷于生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼,沉陷于苦、为苦所迫;但愿能了知这整个苦蕴的终结。’

‘‘Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolyaṃ. Abhisāpoyaṃ, bhikkhave, lokasmiṃ piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇīti. Tañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṃ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā; api ca kho otiṇṇāmha jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethāti.
缅 2.77已对照

“诸比丘,这位良家子是这样出家的;然而他却有贪欲、于诸欲有强烈贪染,心已坏损、意思惟染污,失念、无正知,心不得定、心散乱,诸根如俗。诸比丘,犹如焚尸的火把(chavālāta),两端燃烧,中间沾粪,在村中不能充木材之用,在林中也不能充木材之用。诸比丘,我说这个人就与那相似:他既退失了在家人的财物,又不圆满沙门性的目标。

‘‘Evaṃ pabbajito cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto. So ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ, neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, nāraññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi gihibhogā ca parihīno, sāmaññatthañca na paripūreti.
已对照

“诸比丘,有这三种不善寻:欲寻、瞋恚寻、害寻。诸比丘,而这三种不善寻于何处无余地灭尽呢?于心善住立于四念处而住者,或修习无相定(animitta samādhi)者。诸比丘,无相定实在值得修习。诸比丘,无相定修习、多作时,有大果、大功德。

‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Ime ca bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā kva aparisesā nirujjhanti? Catūsu vā satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato animittaṃ vā samādhiṃ bhāvayato. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva animitto samādhi bhāvetuṃ. Animitto, bhikkhave, samādhi bhāvito bahulīkato mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso.
PTS 3.94已对照

“诸比丘,有这两种见:有见与无有见。诸比丘,此中,有闻的圣弟子这样思察:‘世间中可有任何事物,我执取它而不会有过失吗?’他这样了知:‘世间中并没有任何事物,我执取它而不会有过失。因为我执取时,所执取的只会是色;只会是受……只会是想……只会是诸行,执取时所执取的只会是识。于我便会以取为缘而有有,以有为缘而有生,以生为缘而有老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼生起。如是便会有这整个苦蕴的集起。’

‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyo – bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca. Tatra kho, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘atthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assa’nti? So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘natthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assaṃ. Ahañhi rūpaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ vedanaññeva… saññaññeva… saṅkhāreyeva viññāṇaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ. Tassa me assa [ayaṃ (ka.)] upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhaveyyuṃ. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo assā’’’ti.
已对照

“诸比丘,你们认为怎样,色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“而那无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那无常、苦、变易之法的,适宜这样观它——‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’——吗?”“不适宜,尊者。”“受……想……诸行……识……乃至……因此,诸比丘,这样见时……他了知:‘……再无后有。’”第八[经]。

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ…pe… tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ passaṃ… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已对照

九、波利雷雅经

9. Pālileyyasuttaṃ
81PTS 3.95缅 2.78已对照

八十一、一时,世尊住在憍赏弥(Kosambī)的瞿师罗园(Ghositārāma)。那时,世尊于上午着衣持钵与衣,为行乞而入憍赏弥。在憍赏弥行乞、食后从行乞归来,亲自收拾了卧坐处,持钵与衣,不告知侍者们,不辞别比丘僧团,独自、无伴地游行而去。

81. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkāmi.
已对照

那时,世尊离去不久,某位比丘来到具寿阿难之处;到了之后,对具寿阿难这样说:“阿难贤友,世尊已亲自收拾了卧坐处,持钵与衣,不告知侍者们,不辞别比丘僧团,独自、无伴地游行而去了。”“贤友,当世尊亲自收拾了卧坐处,持钵与衣,不告知侍者们,不辞别比丘僧团,独自、无伴地游行而去之时,那时世尊是想独自而住;那时世尊不应被任何人跟随。”

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu acirapakkantassa bhagavato yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esāvuso, ānanda, bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkanto’’ti. ‘‘Yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkamati, ekova bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye viharitukāmo hoti; na bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye kenaci anubandhitabbo hotī’’ti.
已对照

那时,世尊次第游行,到了波利雷雅迦(Pālileyyaka)。在那里,世尊住在波利雷雅迦的贤娑罗树(Bhaddasāla)下。那时,众多比丘来到具寿阿难之处;到了之后,与具寿阿难互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比丘对具寿阿难这样说:“阿难贤友,我们久已不曾当面听闻世尊的法语了;阿难贤友,我们想当面听闻世尊的法语。”

Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṃ [pārileyyakaṃ (sī. pī.)] tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati bhaddasālamūle. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘cirassutā kho no, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammī kathā; icchāma mayaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammiṃ kathaṃ sotu’’nti.
PTS 3.96缅 2.79已对照

于是,具寿阿难与那些比丘一同前往波利雷雅迦的贤娑罗树下,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊以法语为坐在一旁的那些比丘开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜。而那时,某位比丘心中生起了这样的思虑:“怎样知、怎样见者,无间便有诸漏的灭尽呢?”那时,世尊以心了知那位比丘心中的思虑,召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘,我已以简择(vicayaso)教说了法;已以简择教说了四念处;已以简择教说了四正勤;已以简择教说了四神足;已以简择教说了五根;已以简择教说了五力;已以简择教说了七觉支;已以简择教说了八支圣道。诸比丘,我已这样以简择教说了法。诸比丘,虽然我已这样以简择教说了法,然而此中某位比丘心中却生起了这样的思虑:‘怎样知、怎样见者,无间便有诸漏的灭尽呢?’

Atha kho āyasmā ānando tehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ yena pālileyyakaṃ bhaddasālamūlaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo; vicayaso desitā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro sammappadhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro iddhipādā; vicayaso desitāni pañcindriyāni; vicayaso desitāni pañca balāni; vicayaso desitā sattabojjhaṅgā; vicayaso desito ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Evaṃ vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ vicayaso desite kho, bhikkhave, mayā dhamme atha ca panidhekaccassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’’ti?
PTS 3.97已对照

“诸比丘,而怎样知、怎样见者,无间便有诸漏的灭尽呢?诸比丘,在此,无闻凡夫不见诸圣者,不善巧于圣者之法,未受圣者之法调教;不见诸善士,不善巧于善士之法,未受善士之法调教——他随观色为自我。诸比丘,而那随观(samanupassanā),那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那受也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那触也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,也[是]无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti? Idha bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,然而却随观自我为有色。诸比丘,而那随观,那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也……那受也……那触也……那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,也[是]无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
缅 2.80已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不随观自我为有色,然而却随观色在自我中。诸比丘,而那随观,那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也……那受也……那触也……那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,也[是]无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho attani rūpaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
PTS 3.98已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不随观自我为有色,不随观色在自我中,然而却随观自我在色中。诸比丘,而那随观,那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也……那受也……那触也……那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知……乃至……便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, na attani rūpaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā … sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato…pe… āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
缅 2.81已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不[随观]自我为有色,不[随观]色在自我中,不随观自我在色中;然而却随观受为自我,然而却随观自我为有受,然而却随观受在自我中,然而却随观自我在受中;然而却[随观]想……然而却随观诸行为自我,然而却随观自我为有诸行,然而却随观诸行在自我中,然而却随观自我在诸行中;然而却随观识为自我,然而却[随观]自我为有识,然而却[随观]识在自我中,然而却随观自我在识中。诸比丘,而那随观,那是行。而那行以何为因缘……乃至……以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也……那受也……那触也……那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ, na attani rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāvantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani vedanaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāya attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho saññaṃ… api ca kho saṅkhāre attato samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāravantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani saṅkhāre samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāresu attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho viññāṇavantaṃ attānaṃ, api ca kho attani viññāṇaṃ, api ca kho viññāṇasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso … sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不随观受为自我,不[随观]想……不[随观]诸行……不随观识为自我,然而却有这样的见:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死后将成为恒常的、坚固的、常恒的、不变易之法。’诸比丘,而那常见(sassatadiṭṭhi),那是行。而那行以何为因缘……乃至……诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,也[是]无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, sassatadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
PTS 3.99已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不[随观]受……不[随观]想……不[随观]诸行……不随观识为自我;也没有这样的见:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死后将成为恒常的、坚固的、常恒的、不变易之法。’然而却有这样的见:‘我若不存在,我的也不会存在;[若]我将不会有,于我便将不会有。’诸比丘,而那断见(ucchedadiṭṭhi),那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常……乃至……诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,也[是]无间便有诸漏的灭尽。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ … na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, ucchedadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
缅 2.82已对照

“他虽不随观色为自我,不[随观]受……不[随观]想……不[随观]诸行……不随观识为自我……乃至……不随观自我在识中;也没有这样的见:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死后将成为恒常的、坚固的、常恒的、不变易之法’;也没有这样的见:‘我若不存在,我的也不会存在;[若]我将不会有,于我便将不会有’;然而却于正法有惑、有疑、未达决定。诸比丘,而那于正法的有惑、有疑、未达决定,那是行。而那行以何为因缘?以何为集起?以何为生?以何为根源?诸比丘,对被无明触所生的感受所触的无闻凡夫,渴爱生起;那行由此而生。诸比丘,如是,那行也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那渴爱也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那受也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那触也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。那无明也是无常、有为、缘起而生的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,无间便有诸漏的灭尽。”第九[经]。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… na viññāṇasmiṃ attato samanupassati, nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti; api ca kho kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, kaṅkhitā vicikicchitā aniṭṭhaṅgatatā saddhamme saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
已对照

十、满月经

10. Puṇṇamasuttaṃ
82PTS 3.100缅 2.83已对照

八十二、一时,世尊与大比丘僧团一起,住在舍卫城东园(Pubbārāma)的鹿子母讲堂(Migāramātupāsāda)。那时,正值布萨日,十五日,圆满的满月(puṇṇamā)之夜,世尊被比丘僧团围绕,坐在露地。

于是,某位比丘从座而起,把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:“尊者,我想请问世尊某一要点(desa),如果世尊给我机会解答问题的话。”“那么,比丘,你就坐在自己的座位上,想问什么就问吧。”“是的,尊者。”那位比丘应诺世尊之后,坐在自己的座位上,对世尊这样说:“尊者,这些就是五取蕴吗?即:色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。”

“比丘,这些就是五取蕴,即:色取蕴……乃至……识取蕴。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜、随喜之后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题——

“尊者,这五取蕴以什么为根?”“比丘,这五取蕴以欲为根。”……乃至……“尊者,那取就是这五取蕴呢,还是取在五取蕴之外呢?”“比丘,那取既不就是这五取蕴,取也不在五取蕴之外;然而,凡是于其中的欲贪(chandarāga),那就是其中的取。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了更进一步的问题——

“尊者,于五取蕴中会有欲贪的差别(vemattatā)吗?”“比丘,会有。”世尊说,“比丘,在此,某人这样想:‘于未来世,愿我为如是色者;于未来世,愿我为如是受者;于未来世,愿我为如是想者;于未来世,愿我为如是行者;于未来世,愿我为如是识者。’比丘,这样,于五取蕴中就会有欲贪的差别。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了更进一步的问题——

“尊者,诸蕴的‘蕴’之增语(khandhādhivacana)到什么程度[才有]呢?”“比丘,凡任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,这称为色蕴。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何诸行……凡任何识,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,这称为识蕴。比丘,诸蕴的‘蕴’之增语就到这个程度。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了——

“尊者,什么因、什么缘,为色蕴的施设(paññāpanā)?什么因、什么缘,为受蕴的施设?什么因、什么缘,为想蕴的施设?什么因、什么缘,为行蕴的施设?什么因、什么缘,为识蕴的施设?”“比丘,四大种是因,四大种是缘,为色蕴的施设。触是因,触是缘,为受蕴的施设。触是因,触是缘,为想蕴的施设。触是因,触是缘,为行蕴的施设。名色是因,名色是缘,为识蕴的施设。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了——

“尊者,有身见(sakkāyadiṭṭhi)是怎样有的呢?”“比丘,在此,无闻凡夫不见诸圣者,不善巧于圣者之法,未受圣者之法调教;不见诸善士,不善巧于善士之法,未受善士之法调教——他随观色为自我,或[随观]自我为有色,或[随观]色在自我中,或[随观]自我在色中;他随观受……想……诸行……识……为自我,或[随观]自我为有识,或[随观]识在自我中,或[随观]自我在识中。比丘,这样就有有身见。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了——

“尊者,那么有身见是怎样不有的呢?”“比丘,在此,有闻的圣弟子见诸圣者,善巧于圣者之法,善受圣者之法调教;见诸善士,善巧于善士之法,善受善士之法调教——他不随观色为自我,不[随观]自我为有色,不[随观]色在自我中,不[随观]自我在色中;不[随观]受……不[随观]想……不[随观]诸行……不随观识为自我,不[随观]自我为有识,不[随观]识在自我中,不[随观]自我在识中。比丘,这样就没有有身见。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……问了——

“尊者,什么是色的味著(assāda)?什么是过患(ādīnava)?什么是出离(nissaraṇa)?什么是受的……什么是想的……什么是诸行的……什么是识的味著?什么是过患?什么是出离?”“比丘,缘于色而生起的乐与喜悦,这是色的味著。色是无常的、苦的、变易之法,这是色的过患。凡于色的欲贪之调伏、欲贪之舍断,这是色的出离。缘于受……缘于想……缘于诸行……缘于识而生起的乐与喜悦,这是识的味著。识是无常的、苦的、变易之法,这是识的过患。凡于识的欲贪之调伏、欲贪之舍断,这是识的出离。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜、随喜之后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题——

“尊者,如何知、如何见,于这有识之身与外在一切相中,便没有我作、我所作与慢随眠(ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā)呢?”“比丘,凡任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,一切色都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——[他]以正慧如实这样见它。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何诸行……凡任何识,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,一切识都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——[他]以正慧如实这样见它。比丘,如是知、如是见者,于这有识之身与外在一切相中,便没有我作、我所作与慢随眠。”

那时,某位比丘心中生起了这样的思虑:“先生们,相传色是无我,受……想……诸行……识是无我;那么无我所作的(anattakata)诸业将触及什么样的我呢?”于是,世尊以心了知那位比丘心中的思虑,召唤诸比丘——

“诸比丘,存在这样的情况:此处某个愚痴人(moghapurisa)无知、陷于无明、以渴爱为主的心,会认为应当越过导师的教诫[而想]:‘先生们,相传色是无我,受……想……诸行……识是无我;那么无我所作的诸业将触及什么样的我呢?’诸比丘,你们已在处处、于彼彼诸法上,受我以反问(paṭipucchā)调教。

“诸比丘,你们认为怎样,色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“受……想……诸行……识是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“而那无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那无常、苦、变易之法的,适宜这样观它——‘这是我的、这是我、这是我的自我’——吗?”“不适宜,尊者。”“因此……乃至……这样见时……乃至……他了知:‘再无后有。’”

“二[问]蕴、即是那、愿我为,增语以及因;

以有身说了二[问],以及味著、有识[身];

这十种已说,[皆]由比丘之问而有。”

第十[经]。

82. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ajjhokāse nisinno hoti.
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘puccheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ kiñcideva [kañcideva (?)] desaṃ, sace me bhagavā okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sake āsane nisīditvā puccha yadākaṅkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā sake āsane nisīditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ime nu kho, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti.
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā; seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho…pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā kiṃmūlakā’’ti? ‘‘Ime kho, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā chandamūlakā’’ti…pe… taññeva nu kho, bhante, upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā udāhu aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānanti? ‘‘Na kho, bhikkhu, taññeva upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā nāpi aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānaṃ, api ca yo tattha chandarāgo taṃ tattha upādāna’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Siyā pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Siyā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘idha, bhikkhu, ekaccassa evaṃ hoti – ‘evaṃrūpo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃvedano siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsañño siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsaṅkhāro siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃviññāṇo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhāna’nti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, siyā pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati rūpakkhandho. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā … ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati viññāṇakkhandho. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti? ‘‘Cattāro kho, bhikkhu, mahābhūtā hetu, cattāro mahābhūtā paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu, phasso paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Nāmarūpaṃ hetu, nāmarūpaṃ paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā viññāṇaṃ, na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, rūpassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ; ko vedanāya… ko saññāya… ko saṅkhārānaṃ… ko viññāṇassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa assādo. Yaṃ rūpaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa ādīnavo. Yo rūpasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ rūpassa nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca… yaṃ saññaṃ paṭicca… ye saṅkhāre paṭicca… yaṃ viññāṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa assādo. Yaṃ viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa ādīnavo. Yo viññāṇasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ viññāṇassa nissaraṇa’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti.
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘iti kira bho rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā; anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ [katamattānaṃ (pī.), kammattānaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] phusissantī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā ceto parivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi –
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco moghapuriso avidvā avijjāgato taṇhādhipateyyena cetasā satthusāsanaṃ atidhāvitabbaṃ maññeyya. Iti kira, bho, rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā. Anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ phusissantīti? Paṭipucchāvinītā kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, tatra tatra tesu tesu dhammesu.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. Tasmātiha…pe… evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
‘‘Dve khandhā taññeva siyaṃ, adhivacanañca hetunā;
Sakkāyena duve vuttā, assādaviññāṇakena ca;
Ete dasavidhā vuttā, hoti bhikkhu pucchāyā’’ti. dasamaṃ;
已对照

可食品第八。

Khajjanīyavaggo aṭṭhamo.
缅 2.86已对照

其摄颂——

味著、二集起,以阿罗汉另二[经];

狮子、可食、乞食,与波利雷雅[及]满月。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Assādo dve samudayā, arahantehi apare dve;
Sīho khajjanī piṇḍolyaṃ, pālileyyena puṇṇamāti.