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增支部 · 四集·婆罗门品 Brāhmaṇavaggo

本经目录(十九)四、婆罗门品一、战士经二、保证人经三、所闻经四、无畏经五、婆罗门真实经六、探究经七、雨行经八、优波迦经九、应作证经十、布萨经婆罗门品第四。

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(十九)四、婆罗门品

(19) 4. Brāhmaṇavaggo
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一、战士经

1. Yodhājīvasuttaṃ
181PTS 2.171已对照

一百八十一、“诸比丘,具足四种支的战士,是堪为国王所有的、供国王受用的,正被算作国王的肢分。具足哪四种[支]呢?诸比丘,在此,战士是巧于处者(ṭhānakusala)、远射者、射中瞬息者、大物体的击破者。诸比丘,具足这四种支的战士,是堪为国王所有的、供国王受用的,正被算作国王的肢分。同样,诸比丘,具足四种法的比丘,是应供养者、应款待者、应奉施者、应合掌者,是世间无上的福田。具足哪四种[法]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘是巧于处者、远射者、射中瞬息者、大物体的击破者。

181. ‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是巧于处者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是巧于处者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是远射者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘对凡任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,一切色都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——他以正慧如实这样见它。凡任何受……乃至……凡任何想……凡任何诸行……凡任何识,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,一切识都是‘这不是我的、这不是我、这不是我的自我’——他以正慧如实这样见它。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是远射者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā…pe… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是射中瞬息者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘如实了知‘此是苦’……乃至……如实了知‘此是导至苦灭之道’。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是射中瞬息者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是大物体的击破者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘击破大无明聚。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是大物体的击破者。诸比丘,具足这四种法的比丘,是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。”第一[经]。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahantaṃ avijjākkhandhaṃ padāletā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、保证人经

2. Pāṭibhogasuttaṃ
182PTS 2.172已对照

一百八十二、“诸比丘,对于四种法,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人。

182. [kathā. 624] ‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ.
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“对于哪四种[法]呢?对于‘愿老法不老’,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人;对于‘愿病法不病’,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人;对于‘愿死法不死’,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人;对于‘凡是自己往昔所作的那些恶业——是杂染的、导致再有的、有焦虑的、有苦异熟的、招致未来生老死的——愿它们的异熟不生起’,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人。

‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? ‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘byādhidhammaṃ mā byādhiyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘maraṇadhammaṃ mā mīyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘yāni kho pana tāni pubbe attanā katāni pāpakāni kammāni saṃkilesikāni ponobhavikāni sadarāni dukkhavipākāni āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇikāni, tesaṃ vipāko mā nibbattī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ.
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“诸比丘,对于这四种法,没有任何保证人——无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天,或世间的任何人。”第二[经]。

‘‘Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmi’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、所闻经

3. Sutasuttaṃ
183缅 1.492已对照

一百八十三、一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀园。那时,摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门对世尊这样说——

183. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
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“乔达摩尊师,我是这样说、这样见的:‘凡任何人说所见——「我是这样见的」——由此并无过失;凡任何人说所闻——「我是这样听闻的」——由此并无过失;凡任何人说所觉——「我是这样觉知的」——由此并无过失;凡任何人说所识——「我是这样识知的」——由此并无过失。’”

‘‘Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi [evaṃdiṭṭhī (sabbattha)] – ‘yo koci diṭṭhaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me diṭṭhanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci sutaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me sutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci mutaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me mutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci viññātaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me viññātanti, natthi tato doso’’’ti.
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“婆罗门,我不说一切所见都应说;婆罗门,然而我也不说一切所见都不应说;婆罗门,我不说一切所闻都应说;婆罗门,然而我也不说一切所闻都不应说;婆罗门,我不说一切所觉都应说;婆罗门,然而我也不说一切所觉都不应说;婆罗门,我不说一切所识都应说;婆罗门,然而我也不说一切所识都不应说。

‘‘Nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ sutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ sutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ mutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ mutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ viññātaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ viññātaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
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“婆罗门,凡是说某所见时,不善法增长、善法退失,我说这样的所见不应说。婆罗门,而凡是不说某所见时,善法退失、不善法增长,我说这样的所见应说。

‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
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“婆罗门,凡是说某所闻时,不善法增长、善法退失,我说这样的所闻不应说。婆罗门,而凡是不说某所闻时,善法退失、不善法增长,我说这样的所闻应说。

‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, sutaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ sutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, sutaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ sutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
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“婆罗门,凡是说某所觉时,不善法增长、善法退失,我说这样的所觉不应说。婆罗门,而凡是不说某所觉时,善法退失、不善法增长,我说这样的所觉应说。

‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, mutaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ mutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, mutaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ mutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
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“婆罗门,凡是说某所识时,不善法增长、善法退失,我说这样的所识不应说。婆罗门,而凡是不说某所识时,善法退失、不善法增长,我说这样的所识应说。”

‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ viññātaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ viññātaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmī’’ti.
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于是,摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门欢喜、随喜世尊所说,从座而起,离去了。第三[经]。

Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、无畏经

4. Abhayasuttaṃ
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一百八十四、那时,生闻婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的生闻婆罗门对世尊这样说——

184. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
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“乔达摩尊师,我是这样说、这样见的:‘没有任何身为死法者不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧。’”“婆罗门,有身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者;婆罗门,然而也有身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘natthi yo maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa; atthi pana, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
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“婆罗门,什么是身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者呢?婆罗门,在此,有一类人对诸欲未离贪、欲未离、爱恋未离、渴未离、热恼未离、爱未离。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘可爱的诸欲啊,将会舍离我,我也将会舍离可爱的诸欲!’他忧愁、疲惫、悲泣,捶胸哭泣,陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这是身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘piyā vata maṃ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṃ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
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“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人对身未离贪、欲未离、爱恋未离、渴未离、热恼未离、爱未离。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘可爱的身体啊,将会舍离我,我也将会舍离可爱的身体!’他忧愁、疲惫、悲泣,捶胸哭泣,陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘piyo vata maṃ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṃ kāyaṃ jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
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“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人是未曾作美善[之事]、未曾作善[业]、未曾作对怖畏的救护,已作恶、已作凶暴、已作罪恶者。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘我确实未曾作美善[之事],未曾作善[业],未曾作对怖畏的救护;已作恶,已作凶暴,已作罪恶。唉,凡是未曾作美善[之事]、未曾作善[业]、未曾作对怖畏的救护,已作恶、已作凶暴、已作罪恶者的趣,我死后往那趣而去。’他忧愁、疲惫、悲泣,捶胸哭泣,陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatakalyāṇo hoti akatakusalo akatabhīruttāṇo katapāpo kataluddo katakibbiso. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me kalyāṇaṃ, akataṃ kusalaṃ, akataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ; kataṃ pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatakalyāṇānaṃ akatakusalānaṃ akatabhīruttāṇānaṃ katapāpānaṃ kataluddānaṃ katakibbisānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
已对照

“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人于正法有惑、有疑、未达决定。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘我确实于正法有惑、有疑、未达决定。’他忧愁、疲惫、悲泣,捶胸哭泣,陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者。婆罗门,这就是四种身为死法而怖畏、对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kaṅkhī vatamhi vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā bhāyanti, santāsaṃ āpajjanti maraṇassa.
PTS 2.175已对照

“婆罗门,什么是身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者呢?婆罗门,在此,有一类人对诸欲已离贪、欲已离、爱恋已离、渴已离、热恼已离、爱已离。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他不这样想:‘可爱的诸欲啊,将会舍离我,我也将会舍离可爱的诸欲!’他不忧愁、不疲惫、不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这是身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘piyā vata maṃ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṃ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
缅 1.495已对照

“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人对身已离贪、欲已离、爱恋已离、渴已离、热恼已离、爱已离。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他不这样想:‘可爱的身体啊,将会舍离我,我也将会舍离可爱的身体!’他不忧愁、不疲惫、不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘piyo vata maṃ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṃ kāyaṃ jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
已对照

“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人是未曾作恶、未曾作凶暴、未曾作罪恶,已作美善[之事]、已作善[业]、已作对怖畏的救护者。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘我确实未曾作恶,未曾作凶暴,未曾作罪恶;已作美善[之事],已作善[业],已作对怖畏的救护。唉,凡是未曾作恶、未曾作凶暴、未曾作罪恶,已作美善[之事]、已作善[业]、已作对怖畏的救护者的趣,我死后往那趣而去。’他不忧愁、不疲惫、不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatapāpo hoti akataluddo akatakibbiso katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me pāpaṃ, akataṃ luddaṃ, akataṃ kibbisaṃ; kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ kusalaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṃ akataluddānaṃ akatakibbisānaṃ katakalyāṇānaṃ katakusalānaṃ katabhīruttāṇānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
PTS 2.176已对照

“再者,婆罗门,在此,有一类人于正法无惑、无疑、已达决定。某种重的病患触及他。被某种重的病患所触时,他这样想:‘我确实于正法无惑、无疑、已达决定。’他不忧愁、不疲惫、不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷于迷乱。婆罗门,这也是身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。婆罗门,这就是四种身为死法而不怖畏、不对死亡陷入惊惧者。”

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akaṅkhī hoti avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akaṅkhī vatamhi avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā na bhāyanti, na santāsaṃ āpajjanti maraṇassā’’ti.
已对照

“奇哉!乔达摩尊师,奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第四[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
已对照

五、婆罗门真实经

5. Brāhmaṇasaccasuttaṃ
185缅 1.496已对照

一百八十五、一时,世尊住在王舍城灵鹫山。那时,众多一个个有名望的游方者住在悉毘尼迦[河]岸的游方者园,即:安那跋罗、婆罗达罗(Varadhara)、萨古卢陀夷游方者,以及其他一个个有名望的游方者。于是,世尊在傍晚时分从宴默中起来,前往悉毘尼迦[河]岸的游方者园。

185. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā sippinikātīre paribbājakārāme paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṃ annabhāro varadharo sakuludāyī ca paribbājako aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena sippinikātīre paribbājakārāmo tenupasaṅkami.
已对照

那时,那些其他外道的游方者集坐会合时,生起了这样的谈论——“婆罗门的真实是如此,婆罗门的真实是如此。”于是,世尊来到那些游方者之处;到了之后,坐在所敷设的座位上。坐下之后,世尊对那些游方者这样说——

Tena kho pana samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarā kathā udapādi – ‘‘itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yena te paribbājakā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā te paribbājake etadavoca –
已对照

“游方者们,你们现在集坐而作的是什么谈话?你们中断了的是什么谈论呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在此,我们集坐会合时,生起了这样的谈论——‘婆罗门的真实是如此,婆罗门的真实是如此。’”

‘‘Kāya nuttha, paribbājakā, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bho gotama, amhākaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī’’’ti.
已对照

“游方者们,有这四种婆罗门的真实,是我自己以证智作证之后宣说的。哪四种[婆罗门的真实]呢?游方者们,在此,婆罗门这样说:‘一切有息者都不应被杀。’这样说时,婆罗门说的是真实,不是虚妄。他不因此而思量‘[我是]沙门’,不思量‘[我是]婆罗门’,不思量‘我是更胜的’,不思量‘我是相等的’,不思量‘我是更劣的’。然而,凡于此中的真实,证知了它之后,他是正为了对诸有息者的护念、悲悯而行道者。

‘‘Cattārimāni, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idha, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe pāṇā avajjhā’ti. Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccaṃ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya pāṇānaṃyeva anuddayāya [tadabhiññāya anudayāya (ka.)] anukampāya paṭipanno hoti.
PTS 2.177已对照

“再者,游方者们,婆罗门这样说:‘一切欲都是无常的、苦的、变易之法。’这样说时,婆罗门说的是真实,不是虚妄。他不因此而思量‘[我是]沙门’,不思量‘[我是]婆罗门’,不思量‘我是更胜的’,不思量‘我是相等的’,不思量‘我是更劣的’。然而,凡于此中的真实,证知了它之后,他是正为了诸欲的厌离、离贪、灭而行道者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe kāmā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’ti. Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccamāha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya kāmānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
缅 1.497已对照

“再者,游方者们,婆罗门这样说:‘一切有都是无常的……乃至……他是正为了诸有的厌离、离贪、灭而行道者。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe bhavā aniccā…pe… bhavānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
已对照

“再者,游方者们,婆罗门这样说:‘我在任何地方都不是任何人的牵挂,在任何地方、任何[事物]中也没有我的牵挂。’这样说时,婆罗门说的是真实,不是虚妄。他不因此而思量‘[我是]沙门’,不思量‘[我是]婆罗门’,不思量‘我是更胜的’,不思量‘我是相等的’,不思量‘我是更劣的’。然而,凡于此中的真实,证知了它之后,他是正行于无所有之行道者。游方者们,这就是我自己以证智作证之后宣说的四种婆罗门的真实。”第五[经]。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘nāhaṃ kvacani [kvacana (sī. syā.)] kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcanatatthī’ti. Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccaṃ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya ākiñcaññaṃyeva paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti. Imāni kho, paribbājakā, cattāri brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditānī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
已对照

六、探究经

6. Ummaggasuttaṃ
186已对照

一百八十六、那时,某位比丘来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那位比丘对世尊这样说——“尊者,世间为什么所引导?世间为什么所牵引?[世间]随已生起的什么而受其支配?”

186. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’ti?
已对照

“善哉,善哉,比丘!比丘,你的探究是贤善的,辩才是贤善的,发问是善妙的。比丘,你是这样问的:‘尊者,世间为什么所引导?世间为什么所牵引?[世间]随已生起的什么而受其支配?’”“是的,尊者。”“比丘,世间为心所引导,为心所牵引,随已生起的心而受其支配。”

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo [ummaṅgo (syā. ka.)], bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī [kalyāṇā (ka.)] paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Cittena kho, bhikkhu, loko nīyati, cittena parikassati, cittassa uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
PTS 2.178已对照

“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜、随喜之后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题——“尊者,人们说‘多闻者、持法者,多闻者、持法者’。尊者,到什么程度,是多闻者、持法者呢?”

‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī’’ti?
缅 1.498已对照

“善哉,善哉,比丘!比丘,你的探究是贤善的,辩才是贤善的,发问是善妙的。比丘,你是这样问的:‘尊者,人们说「多闻者、持法者,多闻者、持法者」。尊者,到什么程度,是多闻者、持法者呢?’”“是的,尊者。”“比丘,我所教示的法很多——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、智解。比丘,若人即使了知一首四句偈的义、了知其法,而是法随法行者,也足以称为‘多闻者、持法者’。”

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Bahū kho, bhikkhu, mayā dhammā desitā [bahu kho bhikkhu mayā dhammo desito (ka.)] – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallaṃ. Catuppadāya cepi, bhikkhu, gāthāya atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti bahussuto dhammadharoti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti.
已对照

“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜、随喜之后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题——“尊者,人们说‘有闻者、洞察慧者,有闻者、洞察慧者’。尊者,到什么程度,是有闻者、洞察慧者呢?”

‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’ti?
已对照

“善哉,善哉,比丘!比丘,你的探究是贤善的,辩才是贤善的,发问是善妙的。比丘,你是这样问的:‘尊者,人们说「有闻者、洞察慧者,有闻者、洞察慧者」。尊者,到什么程度,是有闻者、洞察慧者呢?’”“是的,尊者。”“比丘,在此,比丘听闻了‘此是苦’,并以慧洞彻而见其义;听闻了‘此是苦集’,并以慧洞彻而见其义;听闻了‘此是苦灭’,并以慧洞彻而见其义;听闻了‘此是导至苦灭之道’,并以慧洞彻而见其义。比丘,[人]就是这样是有闻者、洞察慧者。”

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapaññoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhuno ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’ti.
已对照

“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜、随喜之后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题——“尊者,人们说‘智者、大慧者,智者、大慧者’。尊者,到什么程度,是智者、大慧者呢?”

‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’ti?
PTS 2.179缅 1.499已对照

“善哉,善哉,比丘!比丘,你的探究是贤善的,辩才是贤善的,发问是善妙的。比丘,你是这样问的:‘尊者,人们说「智者、大慧者,智者、大慧者」。尊者,到什么程度,是智者、大慧者呢?’”“是的,尊者。”“比丘,在此,智者、大慧者既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害;他思惟时,只思惟自身的利益、他人的利益、两者的利益与一切世间的利益。比丘,[人]就是这样是智者、大慧者。”第六[经]。

‘‘Sādhu sādhu bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ bhikkhu pucchasi – ‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpaññoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño nevattabyābādhāya ceteti na parabyābādhāya ceteti na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti attahitaparahitaubhayahitasabbalokahitameva cintayamāno cinteti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
已对照

七、雨行经

7. Vassakārasuttaṃ
187已对照

一百八十七、一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀园。那时,摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门对世尊这样说——

187. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
已对照

“乔达摩尊师,非善士会了知非善士:‘这位尊师是非善士’吗?”“婆罗门,这是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知非善士:‘这位尊师是非善士。’”“乔达摩尊师,那么,非善士会了知善士:‘这位尊师是善士’吗?”“婆罗门,这也是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知善士:‘这位尊师是善士。’”“乔达摩尊师,善士会了知善士:‘这位尊师是善士’吗?”“婆罗门,这是有处、有机会的:善士会了知善士:‘这位尊师是善士。’”“乔达摩尊师,那么,善士会了知非善士:‘这位尊师是非善士’吗?”“婆罗门,这也是有处、有机会的:善士会了知非善士:‘这位尊师是非善士。’”

‘‘Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, asappuriso asappurisaṃ – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, asappuriso sappurisaṃ – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, sappuriso sappurisaṃ – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, sappuriso asappurisaṃ – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti.
PTS 2.180已对照

“稀有啊,乔达摩尊师!奇妙啊,乔达摩尊师!乔达摩尊师所说的这[话]何其善说:‘婆罗门,这是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知非善士:「这位尊师是非善士。」婆罗门,这也是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知善士:「这位尊师是善士。」婆罗门,这是有处、有机会的:善士会了知善士:「这位尊师是善士。」婆罗门,这也是有处、有机会的:善士会了知非善士:「这位尊师是非善士。」’”

‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ, bhotā gotamena – ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti.
缅 1.500已对照

“乔达摩尊师,有一次,在都提耶婆罗门的会众中,[人们]对他人求过:‘这位伊莱耶王是愚人,他对沙门罗摩子极为净信,并且对沙门罗摩子作这样最上的谦下之行,即:礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。伊莱耶王的这些侍从也是愚人——焰摩迦、目伽罗、郁伽、那文陀基、乾闼婆、火种——他们对沙门罗摩子极为净信,并且对沙门罗摩子作这样最上的谦下之行,即:礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。’都提耶婆罗门以这样的理路引导他们:‘诸位尊师认为怎样?伊莱耶王是否是贤智的,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理者更能通达事理?’‘是的,尊师,伊莱耶王是贤智的,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理者更能通达事理。’”

‘‘Ekamidaṃ, bho gotama, samayaṃ todeyyassa brāhmaṇassa parisati parūpārambhaṃ vattenti – ‘bālo ayaṃ rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karoti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikamma’nti. Imepi rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā bālā – yamako moggallo [puggalo (ka.)] uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, ye samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karonti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammanti. Tyāssudaṃ todeyyo brāhmaṇo iminā nayena neti. Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro’ti? ‘Evaṃ, bho, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro’’’ti.
已对照

“尊师,正因为沙门罗摩子比贤智的伊莱耶王更贤智,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理的[伊莱耶王]更能通达事理,所以伊莱耶王对沙门罗摩子极为净信,并且对沙门罗摩子作这样最上的谦下之行,即:礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。”

‘‘Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto raññā eḷeyyena paṇḍitena paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarena alamatthadasataro, tasmā rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karoti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ’’.
PTS 2.181已对照

“诸位尊师认为怎样?伊莱耶王的侍从——焰摩迦、目伽罗、郁伽、那文陀基、乾闼婆、火种——是否是贤智的,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理者更能通达事理?‘是的,尊师,伊莱耶王的侍从——焰摩迦、目伽罗、郁伽、那文陀基、乾闼婆、火种——是贤智的,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理者更能通达事理。’”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā – yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarāti? ‘Evaṃ, bho, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā – yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarā’’’ti.
已对照

“尊师,正因为沙门罗摩子比伊莱耶王贤智的侍从们更贤智,在应作之事与更应作之事上、在应说之事与更应说之事上,比更能通达事理的[侍从们]更能通达事理,所以伊莱耶王的侍从们对沙门罗摩子极为净信,并且对沙门罗摩子作这样最上的谦下之行,即:礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。”

‘‘Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakehi paṇḍitehi paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro, tasmā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā; samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karonti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikamma’’nti.
缅 1.501已对照

“稀有啊,乔达摩尊师!奇妙啊,乔达摩尊师!乔达摩尊师所说的这[话]何其善说:‘婆罗门,这是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知非善士:「这位尊师是非善士。」婆罗门,这也是无处、无机会的:非善士会了知善士:「这位尊师是善士。」婆罗门,这是有处、有机会的:善士会了知善士:「这位尊师是善士。」婆罗门,这也是有处、有机会的:善士会了知非善士:「这位尊师是非善士。」’乔达摩尊师,那么我们现在就告辞了,我们事务繁多、要办的事很多。”“婆罗门,现在正是你认为适时的时候。”于是,摩揭陀大臣雨行婆罗门欢喜、随喜世尊所说,从座而起,离去了。第七[经]。

‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho, gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena – ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’nti. Handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma. Bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti. Sattamaṃ.
已对照

八、优波迦经

8. Upakasuttaṃ
188PTS 2.182缅 1.502已对照

一百八十八、一时,世尊住在王舍城灵鹫山。那时,优波迦·曼提迦子(Upaka Maṇḍikāputta)来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的优波迦·曼提迦子对世尊这样说——

“尊者,我是这样说、这样见的:‘凡任何人对他人求过,在对他人求过时,他全都不能令[善法]生起;不能令[善法]生起者,是应受呵责的、应受谴责的。’”“优波迦,若[人]对他人求过,在对他人求过时,不能令[善法]生起,不能令[善法]生起者,是应受呵责的、应受谴责的。优波迦,你正在对他人求过,在对他人求过时,你不能令[善法]生起,不能令[善法]生起的你,是应受呵责的、应受谴责的。”“尊者,犹如[有人]以大罥索缚住正在[从水中]浮出头来的[人];同样,尊者,我正在浮出头来时,就被世尊以论议的大罥索缚住了。”

“优波迦,‘这是不善’是我所施设的。于此,有无量的语句、无量的文字、如来无量的说法:‘如是这也是不善。’优波迦,‘而这不善是应舍断的’是我所施设的。于此,有无量的语句、无量的文字、如来无量的说法:‘如是这不善也是应舍断的。’

“优波迦,‘这是善’是我所施设的。于此,有无量的语句、无量的文字、如来无量的说法:‘如是这也是善。’优波迦,‘而这善是应修习的’是我所施设的。于此,有无量的语句、无量的文字、如来无量的说法:‘如是这善也是应修习的。’”

于是,优波迦·曼提迦子欢喜、随喜世尊之所说,从座而起,礼敬世尊,右绕之后,来到摩揭陀国王韦提希子阿阇世之处;到了之后,把与世尊之间所有的交谈,全部禀告了摩揭陀国王韦提希子阿阇世。

这样说时,摩揭陀国王韦提希子阿阇世恼怒、不悦,对优波迦·曼提迦子这样说:“这个盐工村的小子何其毁人之德、何其粗口、何其放肆,竟然以为可以冒犯那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者!优波迦,你走开!滚吧!别让我见到你!”第八[经]。

188. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Ahañhi, bhante, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘yo koci parūpārambhaṃ vatteti, parūpārambhaṃ vattento sabbo so [sabbaso (sī. pī.)] na upapādeti. Anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo’’’ti. ‘‘Parūpārambhaṃ ce, upaka, vatteti parūpārambhaṃ vattento na upapādeti, anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo. Tvaṃ kho, upaka, parūpārambhaṃ vattesi, parūpārambhaṃ vattento na upapādesi, anupapādento gārayho hosi upavajjo’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, ummujjamānakaṃyeva mahatā pāsena bandheyya; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, ummujjamānakoyeva bhagavatā mahatā vādapāsena [mahatā pāsena (ka.)] baddho’’ti.
‘‘Idaṃ akusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ akusalanti. Taṃ kho panidaṃ akusalaṃ pahātabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ akusalaṃ pahātabbanti.
‘‘Idaṃ kusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ kusalanti. Taṃ kho panidaṃ kusalaṃ bhāvetabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ kusalaṃ bhāvetabba’’nti.
Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā yāvatako ahosi bhagavatā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa ārocesi.
Evaṃ vutte rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto kupito anattamano upakaṃ maṇḍikāputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yāva dhaṃsī vatāyaṃ loṇakāradārako yāva mukharo yāva pagabbo yatra hi nāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ āsādetabbaṃ maññissati; apehi tvaṃ, upaka, vinassa, mā taṃ addasa’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已对照

九、应作证经

9. Sacchikaraṇīyasuttaṃ
189PTS 2.183已对照

一百八十九、“诸比丘,有这四种应作证之法。哪四种[法]呢?诸比丘,有法应以身作证;诸比丘,有法应以念作证;诸比丘,有法应以眼作证;诸比丘,有法应以慧作证。诸比丘,什么法应以身作证呢?诸比丘,八解脱应以身作证。

189. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā. Katame cattāro? Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā. Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā? Aṭṭha vimokkhā, bhikkhave, kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā.
已对照

“诸比丘,什么法应以念作证呢?诸比丘,宿住应以念作证。

‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā? Pubbenivāso, bhikkhave, satiyā sacchikaraṇīyo.
已对照

“诸比丘,什么法应以眼作证呢?诸比丘,众生的死生应以眼作证。

‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā? Sattānaṃ cutūpapāto, bhikkhave, cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyo.
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“诸比丘,什么法应以慧作证呢?诸比丘,诸漏的灭尽应以慧作证。诸比丘,这就是四种应作证之法。”第九[经]。

‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā? Āsavānaṃ khayo, bhikkhave, paññāya sacchikaraṇīyo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
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十、布萨经

10. Uposathasuttaṃ
190缅 1.503已对照

一百九十、一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿子母讲堂。那时,世尊正值布萨日,被比丘僧团围绕而坐。于是,世尊环视默然又默然的比丘僧团,召唤诸比丘——

190. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi –
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“诸比丘,这会众无糠秕;诸比丘,这会众离糠秕,清净,安立于坚实。诸比丘,这比丘僧团是这样的;诸比丘,这会众是这样的。凡是在世间连得见也难得的那种会众,诸比丘,这比丘僧团就是那样的;诸比丘,这会众就是那样的。凡是应供养、应款待、应奉施、应合掌,是世间无上的福田的那种会众,诸比丘,这比丘僧团就是那样的;诸比丘,这会众就是那样的。凡是对之施少成多、施多更多的那种会众,诸比丘,这比丘僧团就是那样的;诸比丘,这会众就是那样的。凡是为了见它,即使[要走]数以由旬计[的路程]、即使[要]带着旅粮,也值得前往的那种会众,诸比丘,这比丘僧团就是那样的;(诸比丘,这会众就是那样的)。

‘‘Apalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā nippalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā. Tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpā parisā dullabhā dassanāyapi lokasmiṃ, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpā parisā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpāya parisāya appaṃ dinnaṃ bahu hoti bahu dinnaṃ bahutaraṃ, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpaṃ parisaṃ alaṃ yojanagaṇanānipi dassanāya gantuṃ api puṭosenāpi, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, (tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā) [( ) sī. syā. kaṃ. pī. potthakesu natthi].
PTS 2.184已对照

“诸比丘,在这比丘僧团中,有达于天而住的比丘;诸比丘,在这比丘僧团中,有达于梵而住的比丘;诸比丘,在这比丘僧团中,有达于不动而住的比丘;诸比丘,在这比丘僧团中,有达于圣而住的比丘。

‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe devappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe brahmappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe āneñjappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe ariyappattā viharanti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是达于天者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘已离诸欲……乃至……成就并住于初禅;寻、伺寂止……乃至……第二禅……乃至……第三禅……乃至……成就并住于第四禅。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是达于天者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu devappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu devappatto hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是达于梵者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘以与慈俱的心遍满一方而住,第二[方]亦然,第三[方]亦然,第四[方]亦然。如是于上、下、四方,于一切处,以一切为己,以与慈俱的心,广、大、无量、无怨、无恼害,遍满一切世间而住。悲……喜……以与舍俱的心遍满一方而住,第二[方]亦然,第三[方]亦然,第四[方]亦然。如是于上、下、四方,于一切处,以一切为己,以与舍俱的心,广、大、无量、无怨、无恼害,遍满一切世间而住。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是达于梵者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu brahmappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇā… muditā… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu brahmappatto hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是达于不动者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘完全超越色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,[知]‘虚空是无边的’,成就并住于空无边处。完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,成就并住于识无边处。完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,成就并住于无所有处。完全超越无所有处,成就并住于非想非非想处。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是达于不动者。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āneñjappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āneñjappatto hoti.
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“诸比丘,比丘怎样是达于圣者呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘如实了知‘此是苦’……乃至……如实了知‘此是导至苦灭之道’。诸比丘,比丘就是这样是达于圣者。”第十[经]。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyappatto hotī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
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婆罗门品第四。

Brāhmaṇavaggo [yodhājīvavaggo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] catuttho.
PTS 2.185已对照

其摄颂——

战士、保证人、所闻,无畏、婆罗门真实为第五;

探究、雨行,优波迦、作证与布萨。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Yodhā pāṭibhogasutaṃ, abhayaṃ brāhmaṇasaccena pañcamaṃ;
Ummaggavassakāro, upako sacchikiriyā ca uposathoti.