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长部第21经 · 帝释问经 Sakkapañhasuttaṃ

本经目录八、帝释所问经五髻的歌偈帝释的到来瞿卑迦之事受业处波罗提木叉律仪根律仪得喜悦之说

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八、帝释所问经

三四四、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在摩揭陀国,王舍城以东有一个名叫庵婆三达(Ambasaṇḍā)的婆罗门村,村北的韦地耶山(Vediyaka)上因陀罗萨拉窟(Indasālaguhā)中。那时,诸天之主帝释(Sakka devānaminda)生起了要见世尊的热望。于是,诸天之主帝释这样想:“如今世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者住在哪里呢?”诸天之主帝释见到世尊住在摩揭陀国,王舍城以东名叫庵婆三达的婆罗门村,村北的韦地耶山上因陀罗萨拉窟中。见了之后,他告诉三十三天诸天:“诸位尊驾,这位世尊住在摩揭陀国,王舍城以东名叫庵婆三达的婆罗门村,村北的韦地耶山上因陀罗萨拉窟中。诸位尊驾,我们何不前往拜见那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者呢?”“是的,尊者。”三十三天诸天回答诸天之主帝释。

344. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sakkassa devānamindassa ussukkaṃ udapādi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti? Addasā kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ magadhesu viharantaṃ pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Disvāna deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, mārisā, bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana, mārisā, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho devā tāvatiṃsā sakkassa devānamindassa paccassosuṃ.
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三四五、于是,诸天之主帝释告诉乾闼婆天子五髻(Pañcasikha gandhabbadevaputta):“亲爱的五髻,这位世尊住在摩揭陀国,王舍城以东名叫庵婆三达的婆罗门村,村北的韦地耶山上因陀罗萨拉窟中。亲爱的五髻,我们何不前往拜见那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者呢?”“是的,尊者。”乾闼婆天子五髻应诺诸天之主帝释之后,拿起贝卢瓦黄色琵琶(beluvapaṇḍuvīṇā),随行于诸天之主帝释之侧。

345. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ [gandhabbaputtaṃ (syā.)] āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavā magadhesu viharati pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana, tāta pañcasikha, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya sakkassa devānamindassa anucariyaṃ upāgami.
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三四六、于是,诸天之主帝释在三十三天诸天围绕、乾闼婆天子五髻前导之下,犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,就在三十三天诸天之中隐没,出现于摩揭陀国王舍城以东名叫庵婆三达的婆罗门村,村北的韦地耶山上。那时,由于诸天以其天威力[之故],韦地耶山与庵婆三达婆罗门村都变得极其光明。四周诸村的人们这样说:“今天韦地耶山像是着了火,今天韦地耶山像是在燃烧,今天韦地耶山像是在放光——今天韦地耶山与庵婆三达婆罗门村怎么会变得这样极其光明?”他们心生悚惧,身毛竖立。

346. Atha kho sakko devānamindo devehi tāvatiṃsehi parivuto pañcasikhena gandhabbadevaputtena purakkhato seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya; evameva devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahito magadhesu pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate paccuṭṭhāsi. Tena kho pana samayena vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto hoti ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena. Apissudaṃ parito gāmesu manussā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ādittassu nāmajja vediyako pabbato jhāyatisu [jhāyatassu (syā.), pajjhāyitassu (sī. pī.)] nāmajja vediyako pabbato jalatisu [jalatassu (syā.), jalitassu (sī. pī.)] nāmajja vediyako pabbato kiṃsu nāmajja vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo’’ti saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ahesuṃ.
347PTS 2.265已对照

三四七、于是,诸天之主帝释告诉乾闼婆天子五髻:“亲爱的五髻,诸如来对我这样的[人]是难以接近的——[他们]禅修、乐于禅那,在那期间独处宴默。亲爱的五髻,你何不先令世尊生起欢喜;亲爱的[五髻],由你先令[世尊]欢喜之后,我们随后再前往拜见那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。”“是的,尊者。”乾闼婆天子五髻应诺诸天之主帝释之后,拿起贝卢瓦黄色琵琶,来到因陀罗萨拉窟;到了之后,[心想]:“在这个距离上,世尊对我既不太远,也不太近,而且他能听到我的声音。”便站在一旁。

347. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘durupasaṅkamā kho, tāta pañcasikha, tathāgatā mādisena, jhāyī jhānaratā, tadantaraṃ [tadanantaraṃ (sī. syā. pī. ka.)] paṭisallīnā. Yadi pana tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādeyyāsi, tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena indasālaguhā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ettāvatā me bhagavā neva atidūre bhavissati nāccāsanne, saddañca me sossatī’’ti ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
Pañcasikhagītagāthā
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五髻的歌偈

三四八、站在一旁的乾闼婆天子五髻弹奏起贝卢瓦黄色琵琶,并诵出这些与佛陀相关、与法相关、与僧团相关、与阿罗汉相关、与爱欲相关的偈颂——

348. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ [veḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya (syā.)] assāvesi, imā ca gāthā abhāsi buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā –
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“跋达(bhadde)啊,苏利亚瓦差萨(Sūriyavacchasā)啊,我礼敬你的父亲镇头卢(Timbaru);

‘‘Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;
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由他生了你这美丽者,我的欢喜之所由生。

Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama.
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“如同风之于流汗者是可爱的,如同水之于口渴者;

‘‘Vātova sedataṃ kanto, pānīyaṃva pipāsato;
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光耀肢体的[女子](aṅgīrasi)啊,你于我是可爱的,犹如法之于诸阿罗汉。

Aṅgīrasi piyāmesi, dhammo arahatāmiva.
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“如同药之于病者,如同食之于饥者;

‘‘Āturasseva bhesajjaṃ, bhojanaṃva jighacchato;
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贤善的[女子]啊,请令我息灭清凉,犹如以水[浇灭]燃烧者。

Parinibbāpaya maṃ bhadde, jalantamiva vārinā.
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“[如]清凉的水池,遍布花蕊与花粉;

‘‘Sītodakaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ, yuttaṃ kiñjakkhareṇunā;
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犹如为暑热所逼的大象,愿我潜入你的胸怀。

Nāgo ghammābhitattova, ogāhe te thanūdaraṃ.
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“犹如挣脱铁钩的大象,我已胜过刺棒与长矛;

‘‘Accaṅkusova nāgova, jitaṃ me tuttatomaraṃ;
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我不知[这是]什么缘故——为[你]妙相之股所迷醉。

Kāraṇaṃ nappajānāmi, sammatto lakkhaṇūruyā.
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“我心贪着于你,心已变异;

‘‘Tayi gedhitacittosmi, cittaṃ vipariṇāmitaṃ;
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我无法回头,犹如吞了钩的鱼。

Paṭigantuṃ na sakkomi, vaṅkaghastova ambujo.
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“美股的[女子]啊,请拥抱我,贤善的[女子]啊;温柔眼眸的[女子]啊,请拥抱我;

‘‘Vāmūru saja maṃ bhadde, saja maṃ mandalocane;
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美丽者啊,请紧抱我,这正是我所渴望的。

Palissaja maṃ kalyāṇi, etaṃ me abhipatthitaṃ.
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“卷发的[女子]啊,我对你的爱欲本来微少;

‘‘Appako vata me santo, kāmo vellitakesiyā;
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却生出了种种[增广],犹如[施于]诸阿罗汉的供施[果报增广]。

Anekabhāvo samuppādi, arahanteva dakkhiṇā.
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“凡我于如是诸阿罗汉所作的福,

‘‘Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, arahantesu tādisu;
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一切肢体美丽的[女子]啊,愿那[福]与你一同成熟。

Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.
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“凡我在这大地之上所作的福,

‘‘Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;
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一切肢体美丽的[女子]啊,愿那[福]与你一同成熟。

Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.
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“犹如释迦子以禅那而心专一、贤明、具念,

‘‘Sakyaputtova jhānena, ekodi nipako sato;
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犹如牟尼寻求不死——苏利亚瓦差萨啊,我[如此]寻求你。

Amataṃ muni jigīsāno [jigiṃsāno (sī. syā. pī.)], tamahaṃ sūriyavacchase.
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“犹如牟尼证得无上正觉时会欢喜,

‘‘Yathāpi muni nandeyya, patvā sambodhimuttamaṃ;
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美丽者啊,我与你结合时也将这样欢喜。

Evaṃ nandeyyaṃ kalyāṇi, missībhāvaṃ gato tayā.
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“若三十三天之主帝释赐我一愿,

‘‘Sakko ce me varaṃ dajjā, tāvatiṃsānamissaro;
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贤善的[女子]啊,我便求你——我的爱欲如此坚固。

Tāhaṃ bhadde vareyyāhe, evaṃ kāmo daḷho mama.
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“善慧的[女子]啊,你的父亲犹如新近开花的娑罗树,

‘‘Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;
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我恭敬礼拜他——他有你这样的女儿。”

Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā’’ti.
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三四九、这样说时,世尊对乾闼婆天子五髻说:“五髻,你的弦音与歌声相合,歌声也与弦音相合;五髻,你的弦音并不超过歌声,歌声也不超过弦音。五髻,你这些与佛陀相关、与法相关、与僧团相关、与阿罗汉相关、与爱欲相关的偈颂,是什么时候编成的呢?”

“尊者,有一次,世尊住在优楼频螺、尼连禅河(Nerañjarā)岸边的牧羊人尼拘陀树(ajapālanigrodha,古译「阿阇波罗尼拘律树」)下,初现正觉。尊者,那时有一位名叫跋陀·苏利耶瓦车萨(Bhaddā Sūriyavacchasā)的,是乾闼婆王镇头卢之女,我倾慕于她。可是,尊者,那位姊妹却已爱着他人:御者摩多利(Mātali)之子名叫尸建陀(Sikhaṇḍī),她倾慕于他。尊者,我用任何方法都得不到那位姊妹。于是我拿起贝卢瓦黄色琵琶,前往乾闼婆王镇头卢的住处;到了之后,弹奏起贝卢瓦黄色琵琶,诵出这些与佛陀相关、与法相关、与僧团相关、与阿罗汉相关、与爱欲相关的偈颂——

“‘跋达啊,苏利亚瓦差萨啊,我礼敬你的父亲镇头卢;由他生了你这美丽者,我的欢喜之所由生。’……乃至……‘善慧的[女子]啊,你的父亲犹如新近开花的娑罗树,我恭敬礼拜他——他有你这样的女儿。’

“尊者,这样说时,跋陀·苏利耶瓦车萨对我说:‘尊驾,我并不曾当面见过那位世尊;不过我在三十三天诸天的善法堂(Sudhammā sabhā)中起舞时,曾听说过那位世尊。尊驾,既然你这样称扬那位世尊,那么就让我们今天相会吧。’尊者,我与那位姊妹的相会,就是这样发生的;此后再也没有[相会]了。”

349. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṃsandati kho te, pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassarena, gītassaro ca tantissarena; na ca pana [neva pana (syā.)] te pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassaraṃ ativattati, gītassaro ca tantissaraṃ. Kadā saṃyūḷhā pana te, pañcasikha, imā gāthā buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā’’ti? ‘‘Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho panāhaṃ, bhante, samayena bhaddā nāma sūriyavacchasā timbaruno gandhabbarañño dhītā, tamabhikaṅkhāmi. Sā kho pana, bhante, bhaginī parakāminī hoti; sikhaṇḍī nāma mātalissa saṅgāhakassa putto, tamabhikaṅkhati. Yato kho ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ bhaginiṃ nālatthaṃ kenaci pariyāyena. Athāhaṃ beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena timbaruno gandhabbarañño nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ assāvesiṃ, imā ca gāthā abhāsiṃ buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā –
‘‘Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;
Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama. …pe…
Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;
Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā’’ti.
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, bhante, bhaddā sūriyavacchasā maṃ etadavoca – ‘na kho me, mārisa, so bhagavā sammukhā diṭṭho api ca sutoyeva me so bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ upanaccantiyā. Yato kho tvaṃ, mārisa, taṃ bhagavantaṃ kittesi, hotu no ajja samāgamo’ti. Soyeva no, bhante, tassā bhaginiyā saddhiṃ samāgamo ahosi. Na ca dāni tato pacchā’’ti.
Sakkūpasaṅkama
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帝释的到来

三五〇、那时,诸天之主帝释这样想:“乾闼婆天子五髻正与世尊互相问候,世尊也与五髻[互相问候]。”于是,诸天之主帝释告诉乾闼婆天子五髻:“亲爱的五髻,你替我向世尊致意——‘尊者,诸天之主帝释与其大臣、眷属,以头礼敬世尊双足。’”“是的,尊者。”乾闼婆天子五髻应诺诸天之主帝释之后,便向世尊致意:“尊者,诸天之主帝释与其大臣、眷属,以头礼敬世尊双足。”“五髻,愿诸天之主帝释与其大臣、眷属安乐;因为诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆以及其余种种众类,都是欲求安乐的。”

350. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi – ‘‘paṭisammodati pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto bhagavatā, bhagavā ca pañcasikhenā’’ti. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘abhivādehi me tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ – ‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti’’. ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādeti – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sukhī hotu, pañcasikha, sakko devānamindo sāmacco saparijano; sukhakāmā hi devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā’’ti.
351PTS 2.270已对照

三五一、诸如来正是这样答问如此有威势广大的夜叉的。受到致意之后,诸天之主帝释进入世尊[所在]的因陀罗萨拉窟,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。三十三天诸天也进入因陀罗萨拉窟,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。乾闼婆天子五髻也进入因陀罗萨拉窟,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。那时,因陀罗萨拉窟原本崎岖不平,[此时]变得平坦;原本狭窄局促,[此时]变得宽敞;窟中的黑暗消失了,光明生起——这正是诸天以其天威力[之故]。

351. Evañca pana tathāgatā evarūpe mahesakkhe yakkhe abhivadanti. Abhivadito sakko devānamindo bhagavato indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Devāpi tāvatiṃsā indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Pañcasikhopi gandhabbadevaputto indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
Tena kho pana samayena indasālaguhā visamā santī samā samapādi, sambādhā santī urundā [uruddā (ka.)] samapādi, andhakāro guhāyaṃ antaradhāyi, āloko udapādi yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena.
352PTS 2.271缅 2.216已对照

三五二、于是,世尊对诸天之主帝释说:“具寿憍尸迦(Kosiya)这样多事、这样多所作为,竟能来到这里——这在具寿憍尸迦是稀有的,这在具寿憍尸迦是未曾有的!”“尊者,我很久以来就想前来拜见世尊,只是被三十三天诸天的这样那样的事务缠身,因此未能前来拜见世尊。尊者,有一次,世尊住在舍卫城的松林精舍(salaḷāgāraka)。尊者,那时我曾到舍卫城去拜见世尊。可是尊者,那时世尊正坐入某一种定,而毗沙门天王(Vessavaṇa)的侍女、名叫布嘉帝(Bhūjati)的,正侍立于世尊[之前],合掌礼拜而立。尊者,于是我对布嘉帝这样说:‘姊妹,你替我向世尊致意——「尊者,诸天之主帝释与其大臣、眷属,以头礼敬世尊双足。」’尊者,这样说时,那位布嘉帝对我说:‘尊驾,现在不是拜见世尊的时候,世尊正在宴默。’‘那么,姊妹,当世尊从那定出来时,请你以我的话向世尊致意——「尊者,诸天之主帝释与其大臣、眷属,以头礼敬世尊双足。」’尊者,那位姊妹可曾向世尊致意?世尊可记得那位姊妹的话吗?”“诸天之主,那位姊妹曾向我致意,我也记得那位姊妹的话。不过,我是因具寿[你]的车轮辋之声才从那定出来的。”“尊者,那些比我们更早生于三十三天众中的诸天,我曾当面从他们听闻、当面领受:‘当诸如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者出现于世时,诸天之众充满,诸阿修罗之众减损。’尊者,这件事我已亲眼见证:自从如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者出现于世,诸天之众充满,诸阿修罗之众减损。”

352. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa, abbhutamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa tāva bahukiccassa bahukaraṇīyassa yadidaṃ idhāgamana’’nti. ‘‘Cirapaṭikāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo; api ca devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ kehici kehici [kehici (syā.)] kiccakaraṇīyehi byāvaṭo; evāhaṃ nāsakkhiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati salaḷāgārake. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, sāvatthiṃ agamāsiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Tena kho pana, bhante, samayena bhagavā aññatarena samādhinā nisinno hoti, bhūjati [bhuñjatī ca (sī. pī.), bhujagī (syā.)] ca nāma vessavaṇassa mahārājassa paricārikā bhagavantaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, pañjalikā namassamānā tiṭṭhati. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhūjatiṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘abhivādehi me tvaṃ, bhagini, bhagavantaṃ – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sā bhūjati maṃ etadavoca – ‘akālo kho, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya; paṭisallīno bhagavā’ti. ‘Tena hī, bhagini, yadā bhagavā tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito hoti, atha mama vacanena bhagavantaṃ abhivādehi – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. Kacci me sā, bhante, bhaginī bhagavantaṃ abhivādesi? Sarati bhagavā tassā bhaginiyā vacana’’nti? ‘‘Abhivādesi maṃ sā, devānaminda, bhaginī, sarāmahaṃ tassā bhaginiyā vacanaṃ. Api cāhaṃ āyasmato nemisaddena [cakkanemisaddena (syā.)] tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito’’ti. ‘‘Ye te, bhante, devā amhehi paṭhamataraṃ tāvatiṃsakāyaṃ upapannā, tesaṃ me sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘yadā tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti. Taṃ me idaṃ, bhante, sakkhidiṭṭhaṃ yato tathāgato loke uppanno arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyāti.
Gopakavatthu
353–354PTS 2.272缅 2.217已对照

瞿卑迦之事

三五三、“尊者,就在这迦毘罗卫,有一位释迦族女子名叫瞿卑迦(Gopikā),她对佛净信、对法净信、对僧净信,圆满地持诸戒。她厌离女身之性,修习男身之性,身坏命终之后,生于善趣天界,与三十三天诸天为伴,成为我们的儿子。在那里人们也这样知道他:‘瞿卑迦天子(Gopaka devaputta),瞿卑迦天子。’

“尊者,另有三位比丘,曾在世尊[的教法]中行梵行,却生入卑劣的乾闼婆众中。他们具足、成就五欲功德,享受着[欲乐],前来侍奉我们、伺候我们。当他们前来侍奉我们、伺候我们时,瞿卑迦天子诘责他们:‘诸位尊驾,你们究竟是把脸朝向何处,才这样听那位世尊的法的呢?我原本是女人,[尚且]对佛净信、对法净信、对僧净信,圆满地持诸戒,厌离女身之性,修习男身之性,身坏命终之后,生于善趣天界,与三十三天诸天为伴,成为诸天之主帝释的儿子。在这里人们也这样知道我:「瞿卑迦天子,瞿卑迦天子。」可是诸位尊驾,你们在世尊[的教法]中行了梵行,却生入卑劣的乾闼婆众中。诸位,我们所见的实在是不堪之相——我们竟见到同法者生入卑劣的乾闼婆众中。’尊者,被瞿卑迦天子这样诘责之后,其中两位天于现法中得回了念,[生于]梵辅天(brahmapurohita)之身;另一位天则仍耽住于诸欲。

三五四、

“‘我曾是具眼者的优婆夷,

我的名字就叫「瞿卑迦」;

对佛与法极净信,

以净信之心侍奉了僧团。

“‘正因那位佛陀的善法性,

我是帝释之子,有大威力;

有大光辉,生于三十三天,

在这里人们也知道我叫「瞿卑迦」。

“‘后来我见到了从前见过的诸比丘,

[如今]生入乾闼婆众中而住[其间];

他们是乔达摩的这些弟子,

而我们从前身为人时,

“‘曾以饮食侍奉[他们],

在自己家中捧其足[礼敬];

这些尊者究竟把脸朝向何处,

才领受了佛陀的诸法?

“‘法是应当各自证知的,

是具眼者所善说、所随觉的;

我正是亲近了你们,

听闻了诸圣者的善说,

“‘[如今]我是帝释之子,有大威力,

有大光辉,生于三十三天;

而你们亲近了最上者,

行了无上的梵行,

“‘诸位尊驾却生入卑劣之身,

诸位尊驾的这次受生实不相应;

我们所见的实在是不堪之相——

同法者生入卑劣之身。

“‘诸位尊驾生入乾闼婆众,

[反倒]来伺候诸天;

请看我这住于在家者的

这般殊胜[差别]吧。

“‘曾为女人,今日我已是男身之天,

具足了诸天的欲乐。’

他们被乔达摩的弟子这样诘责,

会见瞿卑迦之后,生起了悚惧。

“‘来吧,让我们奋起,让我们精勤,

莫使我们成为他人的仆役!’

他们中有两位发起了精进,

随念着乔达摩的诸教诫。

“就在这里令诸心离染,

他们见到了诸欲的过患;

[断除]那诸欲的结与缚,

即魔的轭缚、难以超越者——

“犹如大象斩断了系缚的绳索,

他们超越了三十三天诸天。

诸天连同[天]帝与波阇波提(Pajāpati),

全都已入座于善法堂中。

“当他们坐着时,[那二位]走了过来——

英勇者、离贪者,正作离尘[之事]者;

见到他们,婆娑婆生起了悚惧——

[他]是天众之中的胜天者。

“‘这些人从卑劣之身受生,

[如今]竟超越三十三天诸天而来!’

那瞿卑迦听了这生起悚惧者的话,

便对婆娑婆这样说:

“‘人间有佛陀、人主,

被称为胜伏诸欲的释迦牟尼;

正是他的那些儿子失了念,

经我诘责,他们才得回了念。

“‘他们三人之中有一人仍留在这里,

生入乾闼婆众中而住[其间];

另外两位则随行于正觉之道,

因心已等持,连诸天也轻视。

“‘此[教法]中法的显示便是这样,

于此没有任何弟子会有所疑惑;

[他]已渡暴流、已断疑惑——

我们礼敬佛陀、胜者、人主。’

“‘他们在此了知了您的这个法,

因而证得了殊胜[之境]——

[生于]梵辅天之身,

其中两位是得殊胜者。

“‘尊驾,我们是为了证得那个法而来的;

世尊既已给予机会,尊驾,愿我们请问一个问题。’”

353. ‘‘Idheva, bhante, kapilavatthusmiṃ gopikā nāma sakyadhītā ahosi buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī. Sā itthittaṃ [itthicittaṃ (syā.)] virājetvā purisattaṃ [purisacittaṃ (syā.)] bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā. Devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ amhākaṃ puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Tatrapi naṃ evaṃ jānanti – ‘gopako devaputto, gopako devaputto’ti. Aññepi, bhante, tayo bhikkhū bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Te pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārayamānā amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ. Te amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgate amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ gopako devaputto paṭicodesi – ‘kutomukhā nāma tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato dhammaṃ assuttha [āyuhittha (syā.)] – ahañhi nāma itthikā samānā buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī itthittaṃ virājetvā purisattaṃ bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā, devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ sakkassa devānamindassa puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Idhāpi maṃ evaṃ jānanti ‘‘gopako devaputto gopako devaputto’ti. Tumhe pana, mārisā, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata, bho, addasāma, ye mayaṃ addasāma sahadhammike hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapanne’ti. Tesaṃ, bhante, gopakena devaputtena paṭicoditānaṃ dve devā diṭṭheva dhamme satiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ, eko pana devo kāme ajjhāvasi.
354.‘‘‘Upāsikā cakkhumato ahosiṃ,
Nāmampi mayhaṃ ahu ‘gopikā’ti;
Buddhe ca dhamme ca abhippasannā,
Saṅghañcupaṭṭhāsiṃ pasannacittā.
‘‘‘Tasseva buddhassa sudhammatāya,
Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo;
Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno,
Jānanti maṃ idhāpi ‘gopako’ti.
‘‘‘Athaddasaṃ bhikkhavo diṭṭhapubbe,
Gandhabbakāyūpagate vasīne;
Imehi te gotamasāvakāse,
Ye ca mayaṃ pubbe manussabhūtā.
‘‘‘Annena pānena upaṭṭhahimhā,
Pādūpasaṅgayha sake nivesane;
Kutomukhā nāma ime bhavanto,
Buddhassa dhammāni paṭiggahesuṃ [buddhassa dhammaṃ na paṭiggahesuṃ (syā.)].
‘‘‘Paccattaṃ veditabbo hi dhammo,
Sudesito cakkhumatānubuddho;
Ahañhi tumheva upāsamāno,
Sutvāna ariyāna subhāsitāni.
‘‘‘Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo,
Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno;
Tumhe pana seṭṭhamupāsamānā,
Anuttaraṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritvā.
‘‘‘Hīnaṃ kāyaṃ upapannā bhavanto,
Anānulomā bhavatūpapatti;
Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata addasāma,
Sahadhammike hīnakāyūpapanne.
‘‘‘Gandhabbakāyūpagatā bhavanto,
Devānamāgacchatha pāricariyaṃ;
Agāre vasato mayhaṃ,
Imaṃ passa visesataṃ.
‘‘‘Itthī hutvā svajja pumomhi devo,
Dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgibhūto’;
Te coditā gotamasāvakena,
Saṃvegamāpādu samecca gopakaṃ.
‘‘‘Handa viyāyāma [vigāyāma (syā.), vitāyāma (pī.)] byāyāma [viyāyamāma (sī. pī.)],
Mā no mayaṃ parapessā ahumhā’;
Tesaṃ duve vīriyamārabhiṃsu,
Anussaraṃ gotamasāsanāni.
‘‘Idheva cittāni virājayitvā,
Kāmesu ādīnavamaddasaṃsu;
Te kāmasaṃyojanabandhanāni,
Pāpimayogāni duraccayāni.
‘‘Nāgova sannāni guṇāni [sandānaguṇāni (sī. pī.), santāni guṇāni (syā.)] chetvā,
Deve tāvatiṃse atikkamiṃsu;
Saindā devā sapajāpatikā,
Sabbe sudhammāya sabhāyupaviṭṭhā.
‘‘Tesaṃ nisinnānaṃ abhikkamiṃsu,
Vīrā virāgā virajaṃ karontā;
Te disvā saṃvegamakāsi vāsavo,
Devābhibhū devagaṇassa majjhe.
‘‘‘Imehi te hīnakāyūpapannā,
Deve tāvatiṃse abhikkamanti’;
Saṃvegajātassa vaco nisamma,
So gopako vāsavamajjhabhāsi.
‘‘‘Buddho janindatthi manussaloke,
Kāmābhibhū sakyamunīti ñāyati;
Tasseva te puttā satiyā vihīnā,
Coditā mayā te satimajjhalatthuṃ.
‘‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ tesaṃ āvasinettha [avasīnettha (pī.)] eko,
Gandhabbakāyūpagato vasīno;
Dve ca sambodhipathānusārino,
Devepi hīḷenti samāhitattā.
‘‘‘Etādisī dhammappakāsanettha,
Na tattha kiṃkaṅkhati koci sāvako;
Nitiṇṇaoghaṃ vicikicchachinnaṃ,
Buddhaṃ namassāma jinaṃ janindaṃ’.
‘‘Yaṃ te dhammaṃ idhaññāya,
Visesaṃ ajjhagaṃsu [ajjhagamaṃsu (syā.)] te;
Kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ,
Duve tesaṃ visesagū.
‘‘Tassa dhammassa pattiyā,
Āgatamhāsi mārisa;
Katāvakāsā bhagavatā,
Pañhaṃ pucchemu mārisā’’ti.
355已对照

三五五、那时,世尊这样想:“这位夜叉长夜以来清净;他无论问我什么问题,都必定问与义利相关的,不问与义利无关的;而且凡我被问及而解答的,他都能迅速了知。”

355. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘dīgharattaṃ visuddho kho ayaṃ yakkho [sakko (sī. syā. pī.)], yaṃ kiñci maṃ pañhaṃ pucchissati, sabbaṃ taṃ atthasañhitaṃyeva pucchissati, no anatthasañhitaṃ. Yañcassāhaṃ puṭṭho byākarissāmi, taṃ khippameva ājānissatī’’ti.
356缅 2.220已对照

三五六、于是,世尊以偈对诸天之主帝释说:

“婆娑婆(Vāsava),凡你心中所欲问的,

你就问我吧;

对每一个问题,

我都为你作出终结。”

第一诵分终。

356. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Puccha vāsava maṃ pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manasicchasi;
Tassa tasseva pañhassa, ahaṃ antaṃ karomi te’’ti.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
357PTS 2.276已对照

三五七、得到世尊许可的诸天之主帝释,向世尊问了第一个问题:“尊驾,诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆以及其余种种众类,是被什么结所系缚,以致他们虽有这样的想法——‘愿我们无怨、无杖、无敌、无恼害而住,成为无怨者’——却仍带着怨、带着杖、带着敌、带着恼害而住,成为有怨者呢?”诸天之主帝释就这样向世尊问了这个问题。世尊被问及这个问题后,解答说:“诸天之主,诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆以及其余种种众类,是被嫉妒与悭吝之结所系缚,以致他们虽有这样的想法——‘愿我们无怨、无杖、无敌、无恼害而住,成为无怨者’——却仍带着怨、带着杖、带着敌、带着恼害而住,成为有怨者。”世尊就这样解答了诸天之主帝释所问的问题。诸天之主帝释满意,欢喜、随喜世尊之所说:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。听了世尊对问题的解答,我于此已度过疑惑,离了犹豫。”

357. Katāvakāso sakko devānamindo bhagavatā imaṃ bhagavantaṃ [devānamindo bhagavantaṃ imaṃ (sī. pī.)] paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kiṃ saṃyojanā nu kho, mārisa, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te – ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino’’ti? Itthaṃ sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ [imaṃ paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ (sī. pī.)] apucchi. Tassa bhagavā pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi –
‘‘Issāmacchariyasaṃyojanā kho, devānaminda, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te – ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
358PTS 2.277缅 2.221已对照

三五八、诸天之主帝释这样欢喜、随喜世尊之所说以后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题:“尊驾,那么嫉妒与悭吝以何为因缘、以何为集起、以何为所生、以何为根源?有什么时嫉妒与悭吝才有?没有什么时嫉妒与悭吝就没有呢?”“诸天之主,嫉妒与悭吝以可爱与不可爱为因缘、以可爱与不可爱为集起、以可爱与不可爱为所生、以可爱与不可爱为根源;有可爱与不可爱时嫉妒与悭吝才有,没有可爱与不可爱时嫉妒与悭吝就没有。”

“尊驾,那么可爱与不可爱以何为因缘、以何为集起、以何为所生、以何为根源?有什么时可爱与不可爱才有?没有什么时可爱与不可爱就没有呢?”“诸天之主,可爱与不可爱以欲为因缘、以欲为集起、以欲为所生、以欲为根源;有欲时可爱与不可爱才有,没有欲时可爱与不可爱就没有。”

“尊驾,那么欲以何为因缘、以何为集起、以何为所生、以何为根源?有什么时欲才有?没有什么时欲就没有呢?”“诸天之主,欲以寻为因缘、以寻为集起、以寻为所生、以寻为根源;有寻时欲才有,没有寻时欲就没有。”

“尊驾,那么寻以何为因缘、以何为集起、以何为所生、以何为根源?有什么时寻才有?没有什么时寻就没有呢?”“诸天之主,寻以妄衍想之诸分(papañcasaññāsaṅkhā)为因缘、以妄衍想之诸分为集起、以妄衍想之诸分为所生、以妄衍想之诸分为根源;有妄衍想之诸分时寻才有,没有妄衍想之诸分时寻就没有。”

“尊驾,那么比丘如何行道,才是行于随顺趣向妄衍想之诸分之灭的道呢?”

358. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ [uttariṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Issāmacchariyaṃ pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Issāmacchariyaṃ kho, devānaminda, piyāppiyanidānaṃ piyāppiyasamudayaṃ piyāppiyajātikaṃ piyāppiyapabhavaṃ; piyāppiye sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti, piyāppiye asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Piyāppiyaṃ kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Piyāppiyaṃ kho, devānaminda, chandanidānaṃ chandasamudayaṃ chandajātikaṃ chandapabhavaṃ; chande sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; chande asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Chando kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati chando hoti; kismiṃ asati chando na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Chando kho, devānaminda, vitakkanidāno vitakkasamudayo vitakkajātiko vitakkapabhavo; vitakke sati chando hoti; vitakke asati chando na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Vitakko kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati vitakko hoti; kismiṃ asati vitakko na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Vitakko kho, devānaminda, papañcasaññāsaṅkhānidāno papañcasaññāsaṅkhāsamudayo papañcasaññāsaṅkhājātiko papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpabhavo; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya sati vitakko hoti; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya asati vitakko na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti?
Vedanākammaṭṭhānaṃ
359PTS 2.278已对照

受业处

三五九、“诸天之主,我说喜悦(somanassa)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说忧(domanassa)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说舍(upekkhā)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。

359. ‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ [pahaṃ (sī. pī.), cāhaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)], devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi.
360缅 2.222已对照

三六〇、“说‘诸天之主,我说喜悦有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种喜悦是‘我亲近这种喜悦时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的喜悦就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种喜悦是‘我亲近这种喜悦时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的喜悦就应亲近。其中,[这样的喜悦]有有寻有伺的,也有无寻无伺的;无寻无伺的[那些]更殊胜。‘诸天之主,我说喜悦有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。

360. ‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te [se (sī. pī.)] paṇītatare. Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
361PTS 2.279已对照

三六一、“说‘诸天之主,我说忧有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种忧是‘我亲近这种忧时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的忧就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种忧是‘我亲近这种忧时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的忧就应亲近。其中,[这样的忧]有有寻有伺的,也有无寻无伺的;无寻无伺的[那些]更殊胜。‘诸天之主,我说忧有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。

361. ‘‘Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
362已对照

三六二、“说‘诸天之主,我说舍有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种舍是‘我亲近这种舍时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的舍就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种舍是‘我亲近这种舍时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的舍就应亲近。其中,[这样的舍]有有寻有伺的,也有无寻无伺的;无寻无伺的[那些]更殊胜。‘诸天之主,我说舍有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。

362. ‘‘Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
363缅 2.223已对照

三六三、“诸天之主,比丘这样行道,就是行于随顺趣向妄衍想之诸分之灭的道了。”世尊就这样解答了诸天之主帝释所问的问题。诸天之主帝释满意,欢喜、随喜世尊之所说:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。听了世尊对问题的解答,我于此已度过疑惑,离了犹豫。”

363. ‘‘Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata, tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
Pātimokkhasaṃvaro
364PTS 2.280缅 2.224已对照

波罗提木叉律仪

三六四、诸天之主帝释这样欢喜、随喜世尊之所说以后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题:“尊驾,那么比丘如何行道,才是行于波罗提木叉律仪(pātimokkhasaṃvara)的呢?”“诸天之主,我说身行(kāyasamācāra)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说语行(vacīsamācāra)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说遍求(pariyesanā)有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。”“说‘诸天之主,我说身行有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种身行是‘我亲近这种身行时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的身行就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种身行是‘我亲近这种身行时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的身行就应亲近。‘诸天之主,我说身行有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。“说‘诸天之主,我说语行有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种语行是‘我亲近这种语行时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的语行就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种语行是‘我亲近这种语行时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的语行就应亲近。‘诸天之主,我说语行有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。“说‘诸天之主,我说遍求有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样说了,这是就什么而说的呢?其中,若知道某种遍求是‘我亲近这种遍求时,不善法增长、善法衰退’,这样的遍求就不应亲近。其中,若知道某种遍求是‘我亲近这种遍求时,不善法衰退、善法增长’,这样的遍求就应亲近。‘诸天之主,我说遍求有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的’——这样所说的,就是就这个而说的。“诸天之主,比丘这样行道,就是行于波罗提木叉律仪了。”世尊就这样解答了诸天之主帝释所问的问题。诸天之主帝释满意,欢喜、随喜世尊之所说:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。听了世尊对问题的解答,我于此已度过疑惑,离了犹豫。”

364. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabba’’mpi.
‘‘Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro sevitabbo. Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro sevitabbo. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā sevitabbā. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
Indriyasaṃvaro
365PTS 2.282缅 2.225已对照

根律仪

三六五、诸天之主帝释这样欢喜、随喜世尊之所说以后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题:“尊驾,那么比丘如何行道,才是行于根律仪(indriyasaṃvara)的呢?”“诸天之主,我说眼所识的色有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说耳所识的声有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说鼻所识的香有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说舌所识的味有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说身所识的触有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。诸天之主,我说意所识的法有两种:应亲近的与不应亲近的。”这样说时,诸天之主帝释对世尊说:“尊者,对世尊这段略说,我这样详细地了知其义。尊者,亲近某种眼所识的色时,不善法增长、善法衰退——这样的眼所识的色就不应亲近。尊者,亲近某种眼所识的色时,不善法衰退、善法增长——这样的眼所识的色就应亲近。尊者,亲近某种耳所识的声……乃至……鼻所识的香……舌所识的味……身所识的触……意所识的法时,不善法增长、善法衰退——这样的意所识的法就不应亲近。尊者,亲近某种意所识的法时,不善法衰退、善法增长——这样的意所识的法就应亲近。“尊者,对世尊这段略说,我这样详细地了知其义之后,听了世尊对问题的解答,我于此已度过疑惑,离了犹豫。”

365. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu indriyasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Imassa kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Yathārūpaṃ, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃ sevato…pe… ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃ sevato… jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃ sevato… kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃ sevato… manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo na sevitabbo. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo sevitabbo.
‘‘Imassa kho me, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānato tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
366PTS 2.283缅 2.226已对照

三六六、诸天之主帝释这样欢喜、随喜世尊之所说以后,又向世尊问了更进一步的问题:“尊驾,是不是一切沙门、婆罗门都是一向之说、一向之戒、一向之欲、一向之耽著呢?”“诸天之主,并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是一向之说、一向之戒、一向之欲、一向之耽著。”“尊驾,为什么并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是一向之说、一向之戒、一向之欲、一向之耽著呢?”“诸天之主,世间是多界、种种界的。在那多界、种种界的世间中,众生执著于哪一界,就以坚固的执取而执著于那一界,如此宣说:‘唯此是真实,余者虚妄。’因此,并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是一向之说、一向之戒、一向之欲、一向之耽著。”“尊驾,是不是一切沙门、婆罗门都是究竟毕竟者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟终尽者呢?”“诸天之主,并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是究竟毕竟者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟终尽者。”“尊驾,为什么并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是究竟毕竟者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟终尽者呢?”“诸天之主,凡是由渴爱灭尽而解脱的比丘,他们才是究竟毕竟者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟终尽者。因此,并非一切沙门、婆罗门都是究竟毕竟者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟终尽者。”世尊就这样解答了诸天之主帝释所问的问题。诸天之主帝释满意,欢喜、随喜世尊之所说:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。听了世尊对问题的解答,我于此已度过疑惑,离了犹豫。”

366. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti.
‘‘Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti? ‘‘Anekadhātu nānādhātu kho, devānaminda, loko. Tasmiṃ anekadhātunānādhātusmiṃ loke yaṃ yadeva sattā dhātuṃ abhinivisanti, taṃ tadeva thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti.
‘‘Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Ye kho, devānaminda, bhikkhū taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttā te accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti.
Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
367PTS 2.284缅 2.227已对照

三六七、诸天之主帝释这样欢喜、随喜世尊之所说以后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,动摇(ejā)是病,动摇是疮,动摇是箭;动摇把这个人拖向这样那样的有的再生,因此这个人便时高时低。尊者,那些我在此[教法]之外的其他沙门、婆罗门处连发问的机会都得不到的问题,世尊都为我解答了;而且我长夜以来随眠的疑惑与犹豫之箭,也被世尊拔除了。”“诸天之主,你可记得曾把这些问题问过其他沙门、婆罗门吗?”“尊者,我记得曾把这些问题问过其他沙门、婆罗门。”“诸天之主,那么他们是怎样解答的呢?若不为难,就请说吧。”“尊者,在世尊所在之处、或有如世尊者之处,对我并不为难。”“那么,诸天之主,就说吧。”“尊者,凡是我认为‘[这些是]住林野、住边远坐卧处的沙门、婆罗门’的,我便前去把这些问题问他们;他们被我问了却答不上来,答不上来时反倒回问我:‘具寿名叫什么?’我被这样问时便回答:‘尊驾,我是诸天之主帝释。’他们又进一步回问我:‘可是具寿、诸天之主啊,你作了什么业才得到这个地位的呢?’我便如所听闻、如所受持地为他们说法。他们仅凭这一点就满意了:‘我们见到了诸天之主帝释,而且我们所问的,他也为我们解答了。’结果他们反倒成了我的弟子,而不是我成了他们的[弟子]。尊者,而我则是世尊的弟子,是须陀洹,不堕恶趣,决定趣向正觉。”

367. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Ejā, bhante, rogo, ejā gaṇḍo, ejā sallaṃ, ejā imaṃ purisaṃ parikaḍḍhati tassa tasseva bhavassa abhinibbattiyā. Tasmā ayaṃ puriso uccāvacamāpajjati. Yesāhaṃ, bhante, pañhānaṃ ito bahiddhā aññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu okāsakammampi nālatthaṃ, te me bhagavatā byākatā. Dīgharattānusayitañca pana [dīgharattānupassatā, yañca pana (syā.), dīgharattānusayino, yañca pana (sī. pī.)] me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ, tañca bhagavatā abbuḷha’’nti.
‘‘Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā’’ti? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, bhante, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana te, devānaminda, byākaṃsu? Sace te agaru bhāsassū’’ti. ‘‘Na kho me, bhante, garu yatthassa bhagavā nisinno bhagavantarūpo vā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, devānaminda, bhāsassū’’ti. ‘‘Yesvāhaṃ [yesāhaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)], bhante, maññāmi samaṇabrāhmaṇā āraññikā pantasenāsanāti, tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ime pañhe pucchāmi, te mayā puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, asampāyantā mamaṃyeva paṭipucchanti – ‘ko nāmo āyasmā’ti? Tesāhaṃ puṭṭho byākaromi – ‘ahaṃ kho, mārisa, sakko devānamindo’ti. Te mamaṃyeva uttari paṭipucchanti – ‘kiṃ panāyasmā, devānaminda [devānamindo (sī. pī.)], kammaṃ katvā imaṃ ṭhānaṃ patto’ti? Tesāhaṃ yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Te tāvatakeneva attamanā honti – ‘sakko ca no devānamindo diṭṭho, yañca no apucchimhā, tañca no byākāsī’ti. Te aññadatthu mamaṃyeva sāvakā sampajjanti, na cāhaṃ tesaṃ. Ahaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhagavato sāvako sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’ti.
Somanassapaṭilābhakathā
368PTS 2.285已对照

得喜悦之说

三六八、“诸天之主,你可记得在此以前有过这样的得欢欣(vedapaṭilābha)、得喜悦(somanassapaṭilābha)吗?”“尊者,我记得在此以前有过这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。”“诸天之主,那么你是怎样记得在此以前有过这样的得欢欣、得喜悦的呢?”

368. ‘‘Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, bhante, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, abhijānāsi ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti?
已对照

“尊者,从前,诸天与阿修罗的战阵曾经摆开。尊者,在那场战阵中,诸天胜了,阿修罗败了。尊者,我战胜了那场战阵、成为胜阵者时,这样想:‘如今凡是天的精味与阿修罗的精味,这两者都将由诸天享用。’尊者,然而我那种得欢欣、得喜悦是与杖相涉、与刀相涉的,不导向厌离,不导向离贪,不导向灭,不导向寂止,不导向证智,不导向正觉,不导向涅槃。尊者,而我这个听闻世尊之法所得的欢欣、所得的喜悦,则是不与杖相涉、不与刀相涉的,一向导向厌离、离贪、灭、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。”

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhante, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho [samūpabbuḷho (sī. pī.)] ahosi. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu, asurā parājayiṃsu [parājiṃsu (sī. pī.)]. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmassa etadahosi – ‘yā ceva dāni dibbā ojā yā ca asurā ojā, ubhayametaṃ [ubhayamettha (syā.)] devā paribhuñjissantī’ti. So kho pana me, bhante, vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho sadaṇḍāvacaro sasatthāvacaro na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Yo kho pana me ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho, so adaṇḍāvacaro asatthāvacaro ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
369–370PTS 2.286缅 2.228已对照

三六九、“诸天之主,那么你是见到什么理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦的呢?”“尊者,我是见到六种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦的。

“就在这里安住,当我还是天时,

我又重新得到了寿命——尊驾,请这样了知。”

“尊者,我见到这第一种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“我从天身死没,舍弃非人的寿命;

将不愚痴地入胎,生到我心所乐之处。”

“尊者,我见到这第二种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“我将住于不愚痴者[的教法],乐于[其]教法;

我将依正理而住,正知而具念。”

“尊者,我见到这第三种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“若我依正理而行,将有正觉;

我将作为已了知者而住——那便是[最后的]终点。”

“尊者,我见到这第四种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“我从人身死没,舍弃人的寿命;

将再成为天,在天界中为最上。”

“尊者,我见到这第五种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“那些更殊胜的诸天,有名声的色究竟天(Akaniṭṭha);

当最后[一生]转起时,那里将是[我的]住处。”

“尊者,我见到这第六种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

“尊者,我见到这六种理由,才宣说这样的得欢欣、得喜悦。

三七〇、

“心愿未遂,有疑、有犹豫,

我长时游走,寻觅如来。

“凡我认为是独居而住的诸沙门,

便想‘[他们是]正觉者’,前去亲近他们。

“‘如何是成就?如何是失坏?’

这样问及道与诸行道时,他们答不上来。

“而当他们知道我——‘诸天之主帝释来了’——时,

他们反倒问我:‘你作了什么才得到这[地位]?’

“众所闻者(janesuta)啊,我便如所听闻地为他们说法;

他们因此满意:‘我们见到婆娑婆了。’

“而当我见到了佛陀、度疑者时,

今日我已离怖畏——因已亲近正觉者。

“渴爱之箭的摧毁者、无与伦比的佛陀,

大雄、日种之亲的佛陀——我礼敬[他]。

“尊驾,我们与诸天一同向梵天所作的[敬事],

今日我们要向您作;来吧,让我们亲自向您作。

“唯有您是正觉者,您是无上的导师;

在包括诸天的世间中,无人能与您相比。”

369. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedesī’’ti? ‘‘Cha kho ahaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Idheva tiṭṭhamānassa, devabhūtassa me sato;
Punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisa.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, paṭhamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Cutāhaṃ diviyā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvā amānusaṃ;
Amūḷho gabbhamessāmi, yattha me ramatī mano.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, dutiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Svāhaṃ amūḷhapaññassa [amūḷhapañhassa (?)], viharaṃ sāsane rato;
Ñāyena viharissāmi, sampajāno paṭissato.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, tatiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Ñāyena me carato ca, sambodhi ce bhavissati;
Aññātā viharissāmi, sveva anto bhavissati.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, catutthaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Cutāhaṃ mānusā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvāna mānusaṃ;
Puna devo bhavissāmi, devalokamhi uttamo.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, pañcamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Te [ye (?)] paṇītatarā devā, akaniṭṭhā yasassino;
Antime vattamānamhi, so nivāso bhavissati.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, chaṭṭhaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Ime kho ahaṃ, bhante, cha atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
370.‘‘Apariyositasaṅkappo, vicikiccho kathaṃkathī.
Vicariṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, anvesanto tathāgataṃ.
‘‘Yassu maññāmi samaṇe, pavivittavihārino;
Sambuddhā iti maññāno, gacchāmi te upāsituṃ.
‘‘‘Kathaṃ ārādhanā hoti, kathaṃ hoti virādhanā’;
Iti puṭṭhā na sampāyanti [sambhonti (syā.)], magge paṭipadāsu ca.
‘‘Tyassu yadā maṃ jānanti, sakko devānamāgato;
Tyassu mameva pucchanti, ‘kiṃ katvā pāpuṇī idaṃ’.
‘‘Tesaṃ yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ, desayāmi jane sutaṃ [janesuta (ka. sī.)];
Tena attamanā honti, ‘diṭṭho no vāsavoti ca’.
‘‘Yadā ca buddhamaddakkhiṃ, vicikicchāvitāraṇaṃ;
Somhi vītabhayo ajja, sambuddhaṃ payirupāsiya [payirupāsayiṃ (syā. ka.)].
‘‘Taṇhāsallassa hantāraṃ, buddhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ;
Ahaṃ vande mahāvīraṃ, buddhamādiccabandhunaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ karomasi brahmuno, samaṃ devehi mārisa;
Tadajja tuyhaṃ kassāma [dassāma (syā. ka.)], handa sāmaṃ karoma te.
‘‘Tvameva asi [tuvamevasi (pī.)] sambuddho, tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro;
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo’’ti.
371PTS 2.289缅 2.230已对照

三七一、于是,诸天之主帝释告诉乾闼婆天子五髻:“亲爱的五髻,你对我大有帮助,因为是你先令世尊生起了欢喜;亲爱的[五髻],由你先令[世尊]欢喜之后,我们随后才前往拜见了那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。我要立你于父位,你将成为乾闼婆王;并且我把跋陀·苏利耶瓦车萨赐给你——她正是你所渴望的。”

于是,诸天之主帝释以手抚触大地,三次说出感兴语:“礼敬那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者!礼敬那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者!礼敬那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者!”

而在宣说这段解答时,诸天之主帝释生起了远尘离垢的法眼(dhammacakkhu):“凡任何集法,一切皆是灭法。”另有八万天神[也生起了法眼]。如此,凡诸天之主帝释所请问的问题,都由世尊解答了;因此这段解答的名称就叫《帝释所问》。

《帝释所问经》第八[经]终。

371. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘bahūpakāro kho mesi tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādesi. Tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamimhā arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. Pettike vā ṭhāne ṭhapayissāmi, gandhabbarājā bhavissasi, bhaddañca te sūriyavacchasaṃ dammi, sā hi te abhipatthitā’’ti.
Atha kho sakko devānamindo pāṇinā pathaviṃ parāmasitvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti.
Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne sakkassa devānamindassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Aññesañca asītiyā devatāsahassānaṃ, iti ye sakkena devānamindena ajjhiṭṭhapañhā puṭṭhā, te bhagavatā byākatā. Tasmā imassa veyyākaraṇassa sakkapañhātveva adhivacananti.
Sakkapañhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.