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长部第34经 · 十上经 Dasuttarasuttaṃ

本经目录十一、十上经(Dasuttarasutta)一法二法三法四法五法六法七法八法九法十法

350PTS 3.272缅 3.227已对照

十一、十上经(Dasuttarasutta)

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在瞻波(Campā),伽伽罗(Gaggarā)莲池岸边,与约五百位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起。在那里,具寿舍利弗对比丘们说:“贤友,诸比丘!”“贤友。”那些比丘应诺具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗这样说:

“我将宣说十上[法],[那]为证得涅槃、为作苦之边际、为解脱一切系缚的法。”

350. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti! ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
‘‘Dasuttaraṃ pavakkhāmi, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sabbaganthappamocanaṃ’’.
Eko dhammo
351已对照

一法

“贤友们,有一法是多所作的,有一法应修习,有一法应遍知,有一法应舍断,有一法属退分,有一法属胜分,有一法难通达,有一法应令生起,有一法应证知,有一法应作证。

351. ‘‘Eko, āvuso, dhammo bahukāro, eko dhammo bhāvetabbo, eko dhammo pariññeyyo, eko dhammo pahātabbo, eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo, eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo, eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho, eko dhammo uppādetabbo, eko dhammo abhiññeyyo, eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
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(一)“什么是那多所作的一法呢?于诸善法不放逸。这就是那多所作的一法。

(Ka) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bahukāro? Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bahukāro.
已对照

(二)“什么是那应修习的一法呢?与悦俱的身至念。这就是那应修习的一法。

(Kha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bhāvetabbo? Kāyagatāsati sātasahagatā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bhāvetabbo.
已对照

(三)“什么是那应遍知的一法呢?有漏、顺取的触。这就是那应遍知的一法。

(Ga) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pariññeyyo? Phasso sāsavo upādāniyo. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pariññeyyo.
PTS 3.273已对照

(四)“什么是那应舍断的一法呢?我慢。这就是那应舍断的一法。

(Gha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pahātabbo? Asmimāno. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pahātabbo.
已对照

(五)“什么是那属退分的一法呢?不如理作意。这就是那属退分的一法。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo? Ayoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo.
已对照

(六)“什么是那属胜分的一法呢?如理作意。这就是那属胜分的一法。

(Ca) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo? Yoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo.
缅 3.228已对照

(七)“什么是那难通达的一法呢?无间的心定。这就是那难通达的一法。

(Cha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho? Ānantariko cetosamādhi. Ayaṃ eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho.
已对照

(八)“什么是那应令生起的一法呢?不动的智。这就是那应令生起的一法。

(Ja) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo uppādetabbo? Akuppaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ eko dhammo uppādetabbo.
已对照

(九)“什么是那应证知的一法呢?一切众生依食而住。这就是那应证知的一法。

(Jha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo abhiññeyyo? Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo abhiññeyyo.
已对照

(十)“什么是那应作证的一法呢?不动的心解脱。这就是那应作证的一法。

(Ña) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo sacchikātabbo? Akuppā cetovimutti. Ayaṃ eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
已对照

“如是,这十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

‘‘Iti ime dasa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
352已对照

二法

“贤友们,有二法是多所作的,有二法应修习,有二法应遍知,有二法应舍断,有二法属退分,有二法属胜分,有二法难通达,有二法应令生起,有二法应证知,有二法应作证。

Dve dhammā
352. ‘‘Dve dhammā bahukārā, dve dhammā bhāvetabbā, dve dhammā pariññeyyā, dve dhammā pahātabbā, dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā, dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā, dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā, dve dhammā uppādetabbā, dve dhammā abhiññeyyā, dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已对照

(一)“哪二法是多所作的呢?念与正知。这二法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bahukārā? Sati ca sampajaññañca. Ime dve dhammā bahukārā.
已对照

(二)“哪二法是应修习的呢?止与观。这二法就是应修习的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bhāvetabbā? Samatho ca vipassanā ca. Ime dve dhammā bhāvetabbā.
已对照

(三)“哪二法是应遍知的呢?名与色。这二法就是应遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pariññeyyā? Nāmañca rūpañca. Ime dve dhammā pariññeyyā.
PTS 3.274已对照

(四)“哪二法是应舍断的呢?无明与有爱。这二法就是应舍断的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pahātabbā? Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca. Ime dve dhammā pahātabbā.
已对照

(五)“哪二法是属退分的呢?难受劝与恶友。这二法就是属退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
已对照

(六)“哪二法是属胜分的呢?易受劝与善友。这二法就是属胜分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Sovacassatā ca kalyāṇamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
缅 3.229已对照

(七)“哪二法是难通达的呢?使众生杂染的因与缘,以及使众生清净的因与缘。这二法就是难通达的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāya, yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā. Ime dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已对照

(八)“哪二法是应令生起的呢?二智——尽智、无生智。这二法就是应令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame dve dhammā uppādetabbā? Dve ñāṇāni – khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇaṃ. Ime dve dhammā uppādetabbā.
已对照

(九)“哪二法是应证知的呢?二界——有为界与无为界。这二法就是应证知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dve dhātuyo – saṅkhatā ca dhātu asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dve dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已对照

(十)“哪二法是应作证的呢?明与解脱。这二法就是应作证的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame dve dhammā sacchikātabbā? Vijjā ca vimutti ca. Ime dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已对照

“如是,这二十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

‘‘Iti ime vīsati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
353已对照

三法

“贤友们,有三法是多所作的,有三法应修习……乃至……有三法应作证。

Tayo dhammā
353. ‘‘Tayo dhammā bahukārā, tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已对照

(一)“哪三法是多所作的呢?亲近善士、听闻正法、法随法行。这三法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bahukārā? Sappurisasaṃsevo, saddhammassavanaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti. Ime tayo dhammā bahukārā.
已对照

(二)“哪三法是应修习的呢?三定——有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。这三法就是应修习的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā? Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi, avitakko vicāramatto samādhi, avitakko avicāro samādhi. Ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
PTS 3.275已对照

(三)“哪三法是应遍知的呢?三受——乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。这三法就是应遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pariññeyyā? Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Ime tayo dhammā pariññeyyā.
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(四)“哪三法是应舍断的呢?三爱——欲爱、有爱、无有爱。这三法就是应舍断的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pahātabbā? Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā. Ime tayo dhammā pahātabbā.
已对照

(五)“哪三法是属退分的呢?三不善根——贪是不善根,瞋是不善根,痴是不善根。这三法就是属退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
缅 3.230已对照

(六)“哪三法是属胜分的呢?三善根——无贪是善根,无瞋是善根,无痴是善根。这三法就是属胜分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
已对照

(七)“哪三法是难通达的呢?三出离界——诸欲的出离即是出离(nekkhamma),诸色的出离即是无色;而凡任何已成的、有为的、缘起的,其出离即是灭。这三法就是难通达的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, rūpānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ arūpaṃ, yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ, nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已对照

(八)“哪三法是应令生起的呢?三智——于过去分的智、于未来分的智、于现在分的智。这三法就是应令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā uppādetabbā? Tīṇi ñāṇāni – atītaṃse ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse ñāṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā uppādetabbā.
已对照

(九)“哪三法是应证知的呢?三界——欲界、色界、无色界。这三法就是应证知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā? Tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu. Ime tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已对照

(十)“哪三法是应作证的呢?三明——宿住随念智是明,众生死生智是明,诸漏尽智是明。这三法就是应作证的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā? Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ vijjā. Ime tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
PTS 3.276已对照

“如是,这三十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

‘‘Iti ime tiṃsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
354已对照

四法

“贤友们,有四法是多所作的,有四法应修习……乃至……有四法应作证。

Cattāro dhammā
354. ‘‘Cattāro dhammā bahukārā, cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已对照

(一)“哪四法是多所作的呢?四轮——住于适宜的地方、依止善士、自身的正确安立、宿世曾作福。这四法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bahukārā? Cattāri cakkāni – patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo [sappurisupassayo (syā. kaṃ.)], attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā. Ime cattāro dhammā bahukārā.
缅 3.231已对照

(二)“哪四法是应修习的呢?四念处——贤友,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤(ātāpī)、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。这四法就是应修习的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā.
已对照

(三)“哪四法是应遍知的呢?四食——粗或细的段食为第一,触为第二,意思为第三,识为第四。这四法就是应遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā? Cattāro āhārā – kabaḷīkāro [kavaḷīkāro (syā. kaṃ.)] āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā.
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(四)“哪四法是应舍断的呢?四暴流——欲暴流、有暴流、见暴流、无明暴流。这四法就是应舍断的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pahātabbā? Cattāro oghā – kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho. Ime cattāro dhammā pahātabbā.
已对照

(五)“哪四法是属退分的呢?四轭——欲轭、有轭、见轭、无明轭。这四法就是属退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cattāro yogā – kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
已对照

(六)“哪四法是属胜分的呢?四离轭——欲轭的离轭、有轭的离轭、见轭的离轭、无明轭的离轭。这四法就是属胜分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cattāro visaññogā – kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
PTS 3.277已对照

(七)“哪四法是难通达的呢?四定——退分定、住分定、胜分定、决择分定。这四法就是难通达的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cattāro samādhī – hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi. Ime cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已对照

(八)“哪四法是应令生起的呢?四智——法智、类智、他心智、世俗智。这四法就是应令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā? Cattāri ñāṇāni – dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā.
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(九)“哪四法是应证知的呢?四圣谛——苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、导向苦灭之道圣谛。这四法就是应证知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已对照

(十)“哪四法是应作证的呢?四沙门果——须陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果、阿罗汉果。这四法就是应作证的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cattāri sāmaññaphalāni – sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
缅 3.232已对照

“如是,这四十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

‘‘Iti ime cattārīsadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
355PTS 3.278缅 3.233已对照

五法

“贤友们,有五法是多所作的,有五法应修习……乃至……有五法应作证。

(一)“哪五法是多所作的呢?五勤支——贤友,在此,比丘有信,信如来的正觉:‘那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足(vijjācaraṇasampanna)、善逝(sugata)、世间解(lokavidū)、无上者、调御丈夫(anuttara purisadammasārathi)、天人导师(satthā devamanussānaṃ)、佛陀(buddha)、世尊。’少病少恼,具足等熟的消化力,不太冷、不太热,[乃是]适中而堪能精勤的。不狡诈、不虚伪,对导师或对有智的诸同梵行者如实显露自己。为舍断诸不善法、为成就诸善法而住于发起精进,有力、坚固勇猛,于诸善法不放下[重]担。有慧,具足通达生灭的慧——[那是]圣的、能洞察的、能导向正确尽苦的[慧]。这五法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪五法是应修习的呢?五支正定——喜遍满、乐遍满、心遍满、光明遍满、观察相。这五法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪五法是应遍知的呢?五取蕴——色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。这五法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪五法是应舍断的呢?五盖——欲欲盖、瞋恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举追悔盖、疑盖。这五法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪五法是属退分的呢?五心荒芜——贤友,在此,比丘对导师怀疑、犹豫、不胜解、不净信。贤友,凡是对导师怀疑、犹豫、不胜解、不净信的比丘,他的心便不倾向于热勤、勤修、恒作、精勤;心不倾向于热勤、勤修、恒作、精勤者,这是第一心荒芜。复次,贤友,比丘对法怀疑、犹豫……乃至……对僧怀疑、犹豫……乃至……对学怀疑、犹豫……乃至……对诸同梵行者忿怒、不悦、心受打击、成为荒芜。贤友,凡是对诸同梵行者忿怒、不悦、心受打击、成为荒芜的比丘,他的心便不倾向于热勤、勤修、恒作、精勤;心不倾向于热勤、勤修、恒作、精勤者,这是第五心荒芜。这五法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪五法是属胜分的呢?五根——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。这五法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪五法是难通达的呢?五出离界——贤友,在此,比丘作意诸欲时,心不趣入诸欲,不净信,不安住,不解脱;而作意出离时,心趣入出离,净信,安住,解脱。他的那个心是善往、善修、善出、善解脱、离系于诸欲的。凡是以诸欲为缘而生起的诸漏、苦恼、热恼,他已从其中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为诸欲的出离。“复次,贤友,比丘作意瞋恚时,心不趣入瞋恚,不净信,不安住,不解脱;而作意无瞋恚时,心趣入无瞋恚,净信,安住,解脱。他的那个心是善往、善修、善出、善解脱、离系于瞋恚的。凡是以瞋恚为缘而生起的诸漏、苦恼、热恼,他已从其中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为瞋恚的出离。“复次,贤友,比丘作意恼害时,心不趣入恼害,不净信,不安住,不解脱;而作意无恼害时,心趣入无恼害,净信,安住,解脱。他的那个心是善往、善修、善出、善解脱、离系于恼害的。凡是以恼害为缘而生起的诸漏、苦恼、热恼,他已从其中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为恼害的出离。“复次,贤友,比丘作意诸色时,心不趣入诸色,不净信,不安住,不解脱;而作意无色时,心趣入无色,净信,安住,解脱。他的那个心是善往、善修、善出、善解脱、离系于诸色的。凡是以诸色为缘而生起的诸漏、苦恼、热恼,他已从其中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为诸色的出离。“复次,贤友,比丘作意有身时,心不趣入有身,不净信,不安住,不解脱;而作意有身之灭时,心趣入有身之灭,净信,安住,解脱。他的那个心是善往、善修、善出、善解脱、离系于有身的。凡是以有身为缘而生起的诸漏、苦恼、热恼,他已从其中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为有身的出离。这五法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪五法是应令生起的呢?五智正定——‘此定是现在乐且未来乐异熟的’,各自的智生起;‘此定是圣的、无食的’,各自的智生起;‘此定不是劣人所习的’,各自的智生起;‘此定是寂静的、殊胜的、由止息而得的、由心专一性而证得的,不是以有行的制伏遮止而得的’,各自的智生起;‘而我正是具念地入此定、具念地出[此定]’,各自的智生起。这五法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪五法是应证知的呢?五解脱处——贤友,在此,导师为比丘说法,或某位堪为尊重的同梵行者[为他说法]。贤友,导师或某位堪为尊重的同梵行者如何如何为比丘说法,他便如何如何于那法领受义、领受法。于他这领受义者、领受法者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。这是第一解脱处。“复次,贤友,导师并不为比丘说法,也没有某位堪为尊重的同梵行者[为他说法],而是他依所闻、依所受持,为他人广说法。贤友,比丘如何如何依所闻、依所受持为他人广说法,他便如何如何于那法领受义、领受法。于他这领受义者、领受法者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。这是第二解脱处。“复次,贤友,导师并不为比丘说法,也没有某位堪为尊重的同梵行者[为他说法],他也不依所闻、依所受持为他人广说法,而是他依所闻、依所受持广作诵习。贤友,比丘如何如何依所闻、依所受持广作诵习,他便如何如何于那法领受义、领受法。于他这领受义者、领受法者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。这是第三解脱处。“复次,贤友,导师并不为比丘说法,也没有某位堪为尊重的同梵行者[为他说法],他也不依所闻、依所受持为他人广说法,也不依所闻、依所受持广作诵习,而是他依所闻、依所受持,以心随寻、随伺、以意随观察。贤友,比丘如何如何依所闻、依所受持以心随寻、随伺、以意随观察,他便如何如何于那法领受义、领受法。于他这领受义者、领受法者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。这是第四解脱处。“复次,贤友,导师并不为比丘说法,也没有某位堪为尊重的同梵行者[为他说法],他也不依所闻、依所受持为他人广说法,也不依所闻、依所受持广作诵习,也不依所闻、依所受持以心随寻、随伺、以意随观察,而是他善把持、善作意、善忆持、以慧善通达某一定相。贤友,比丘如何如何善把持、善作意、善忆持、以慧善通达某一定相,他便如何如何于那法领受义、领受法。于他这领受义者、领受法者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。这是第五解脱处。这五法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪五法是应作证的呢?五法蕴——戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴、解脱知见蕴。这五法就是应作证的。

“如是,这五十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

Pañca dhammā
355. ‘‘Pañca dhammā bahukārā…pe… pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bahukārā? Pañca padhāniyaṅgāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī yathābhūtamattānaṃ āvīkattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ime pañca dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā? Pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi – pītipharaṇatā, sukhapharaṇatā, cetopharaṇatā, ālokapharaṇatā, paccavekkhaṇanimittaṃ [paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)]. Ime pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pariññeyyā? Pañcupādānakkhandhā [seyyathīdaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pahātabbā? Pañca nīvaraṇāni – kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Pañca cetokhilā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo. Ime pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Pañcindriyāni – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Pañca nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā uppādetabbā? Pañca ñāṇiko sammāsamādhi – ‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi ariyo nirāmiso’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi akāpurisasevito’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi santo paṇīto paṭippassaddhaladdho ekodibhāvādhigato, na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato’ti [na ca sasaṅkhāraniggayha vāritavatoti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.), na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavārivāvato (ka.), na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāriyādhigato (?)] paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘So kho panāhaṃ imaṃ samādhiṃ satova samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Ime pañca dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā? Pañca vimuttāyatanāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, tathā tathā so [bhikkhu (syā. kaṃ.)] tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ catutthaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati; api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammappaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā? Pañca dhammakkhandhā – sīlakkhandho, samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime paññāsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
356PTS 3.280缅 3.237已对照

六法

“贤友们,有六法是多所作的,有六法应修习……乃至……有六法应作证。

(一)“哪六法是多所作的呢?六可念法——贤友,在此,比丘对诸同梵行者,无论于显于隐,慈的身业都已现起,这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。“复次,贤友,比丘对诸同梵行者,无论于显于隐,慈的语业都已现起……乃至……导向一如。“复次,贤友,比丘对诸同梵行者,无论于显于隐,慈的意业都已现起……乃至……导向一如。“复次,贤友,比丘凡是如法所得的如法利养,乃至只是钵中所受的一分,对这样的利养也不独自受用,而是与持戒的诸同梵行者共同受用,这也是一种可念法……乃至……导向一如。“复次,贤友,比丘对于那些无毁、无穿、无斑、无杂、自在、智者所赞、不被执取、导向定的诸戒,无论于显于隐,都与诸同梵行者住于戒的相同,这也是一种可念法……乃至……导向一如。“复次,贤友,比丘对于那圣的、能出离的、能使行者正确尽苦的见,无论于显于隐,都与诸同梵行者住于见的相同,这也是一种可念法,令[人]可爱、令[人]可尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一如。这六法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪六法是应修习的呢?六随念处——佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、施舍随念、天随念。这六法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪六法是应遍知的呢?六内处——眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、意处。这六法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪六法是应舍断的呢?六爱身——色爱、声爱、香爱、味爱、触爱、法爱。这六法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪六法是属退分的呢?六不恭敬——贤友,在此,比丘对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住;对法……乃至……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对亲厚不恭敬、不顺从而住。这六法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪六法是属胜分的呢?六恭敬——贤友,在此,比丘对导师恭敬、顺从而住;对法……乃至……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对亲厚恭敬、顺从而住。这六法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪六法是难通达的呢?六出离界——贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的慈心解脱已修习、已多作、已作车乘、已作基地、已确立、已积习、已善精勤,然而瞋恚仍然遍取我的心而住。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊;诽谤世尊是不善的,世尊不会这样说。贤友,这是无理的、不可能的——慈心解脱已修习、已多作、已作车乘、已作基地、已确立、已积习、已善精勤,而瞋恚还会遍取他的心而住,这是不可能的。贤友,瞋恚的出离正是慈心解脱。’“贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的悲心解脱已修习……乃至……然而恼害仍然遍取我的心而住。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊……乃至……贤友,恼害的出离正是悲心解脱。’“贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的喜心解脱已修习……乃至……然而不乐仍然遍取我的心而住。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊……乃至……贤友,不乐的出离正是喜心解脱。’“贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的舍心解脱已修习……乃至……然而贪仍然遍取我的心而住。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊……乃至……贤友,贪的出离正是舍心解脱。’“贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的无相心解脱已修习……乃至……然而我的识仍然随逐于相。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊……乃至……贤友,一切相的出离正是无相心解脱。’“贤友,在此,比丘可能这样说:‘我的“我是”已经离去,我也不认为“我就是这个”,然而疑惑与犹豫之箭仍然遍取我的心而住。’对他应当说:‘不要这样[说]!尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊;诽谤世尊是不善的,世尊不会这样说。贤友,这是无理的、不可能的——“我是”已经离去、不认为“我就是这个”,而疑惑与犹豫之箭还会遍取他的心而住,这是不可能的。贤友,疑惑与犹豫之箭的出离正是我慢的根除。’这六法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪六法是应令生起的呢?六恒住——贤友,在此,比丘以眼见色后,既不喜悦也不忧,住于舍,具念、正知;以耳闻声后……乃至……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,既不喜悦也不忧,住于舍,具念、正知。这六法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪六法是应证知的呢?六无上——见无上、闻无上、得无上、学无上、承事无上、随念无上。这六法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪六法是应作证的呢?六证智(abhiññā)——贤友,在此,比丘体验多种神变:一身能变成多身,多身能合成一身;或显现,或隐没;穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍,犹如在虚空中;出没于大地之中,犹如在水中;在水上行走而不沉没,犹如在地上;在虚空中结跏趺坐而行,犹如有翼之鸟;甚至以手触摸、抚摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界。“他以清净、超人的天耳界,听见天的与人的两种声音,无论远的还是近的。“他以自己的心遍知其他众生、其他人的心:有贪的心,了知为‘有贪的心’……乃至……未解脱的心,了知为‘未解脱的心’。“他回忆起许多种宿住,即:一生……乃至……如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的许多种宿住。“他以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡与投生:或低贱或高贵,或美丽或丑陋,或善趣或恶趣,了知众生随业而去……乃至……“他以诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住。这六法就是应作证的。

“如是,这六十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

Cha dhammā
356. ‘‘Cha dhammā bahukārā…pe… cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bahukārā? Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu, yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhi sāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo, saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati. Ime cha dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cha anussatiṭṭhānāni – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati. Ime cha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pariññeyyā? Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ. Ime cha dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pahātabbā? Cha taṇhākāyā – rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā. Ime cha dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cha agāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso. Ime cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cha gāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso. Ime cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me, cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso anavakāso yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yadidaṃ upekkhācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ, ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato. Atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāṭo’ti. Ime cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame cha dhammā uppādetabbā? Cha satatavihārā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Ime cha dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cha anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ. Ime cha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame cha dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cha abhiññā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse. Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake. Udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ. Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati. Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
‘‘Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.
‘‘Parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti [jānāti (syā. kaṃ.)], sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti …pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
‘‘So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti …pe…
‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ime cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime saṭṭhi dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
357PTS 3.282缅 3.241已对照

七法

“贤友们,有七法是多所作的,有七法应修习……乃至……有七法应作证。

(一)“哪七法是多所作的呢?七圣财——信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、施舍财、慧财。这七法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪七法是应修习的呢?七觉支——念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。这七法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪七法是应遍知的呢?七识住——贤友,有众生身有种种、想有种种,譬如人、一部分诸天、一部分堕处者——这是第一识住。“贤友,有众生身有种种而想同一,譬如最初生起的梵身天(brahmakāyika)诸天——这是第二识住。“贤友,有众生身同一而想有种种,譬如光音天(Ābhassara)诸天——这是第三识住。“贤友,有众生身同一、想亦同一,譬如遍净天(Subhakiṇha)诸天——这是第四识住。“贤友,有众生完全超越色想……乃至……[知]‘虚空是无边的’,到达空无边处——这是第五识住。“贤友,有众生完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,到达识无边处——这是第六识住。“贤友,有众生完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,到达无所有处——这是第七识住。这七法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪七法是应舍断的呢?七随眠——欲贪随眠、瞋恚随眠、见随眠、疑随眠、慢随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。这七法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪七法是属退分的呢?七非正法——贤友,在此,比丘是无信者、无惭者、无愧者、少闻者、懈怠者、失念者、劣慧者。这七法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪七法是属胜分的呢?七正法——贤友,在此,比丘是有信者、有惭者、有愧者、多闻者、发起精进者、念已现起者、有慧者。这七法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪七法是难通达的呢?七善士法——贤友,在此,比丘是知法者、知义者、知自者、知量者、知时者、知众者、知人者。这七法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪七法是应令生起的呢?七想——无常想、无我想、不净想、过患想、舍断想、离贪想、灭想。这七法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪七法是应证知的呢?七无十事(niddasavatthu)——贤友,在此,比丘对受持学处有强烈的欲,将来对受持学处也爱恋未离。对法的审察有强烈的欲,将来对法的审察也爱恋未离。对欲的调伏有强烈的欲,将来对欲的调伏也爱恋未离。对宴默有强烈的欲,将来对宴默也爱恋未离。对发起精进有强烈的欲,将来对发起精进也爱恋未离。对念与审慎有强烈的欲,将来对念与审慎也爱恋未离。对见的通达有强烈的欲,将来对见的通达也爱恋未离。这七法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪七法是应作证的呢?七漏尽[比丘]力——贤友,在此,漏尽比丘以正慧如实善见一切行是无常的。贤友,漏尽比丘以正慧如实善见一切行是无常的——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘以正慧如实善见诸欲犹如火炭坑。贤友,……乃至……——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘的心倾向远离、趋向远离、朝向远离、住立于远离、乐于出离,完全脱离一切属于漏住的诸法。贤友,……乃至……——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘已修习、已善修习四念处。贤友,……乃至……——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘已修习、已善修习五根。贤友,……乃至……——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘已修习、已善修习七觉支。贤友,……乃至……——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’“复次,贤友,漏尽比丘已修习、已善修习八支圣道。贤友,漏尽比丘已修习、已善修习八支圣道——这也是漏尽比丘的力,漏尽比丘依此力宣称诸漏的灭尽:‘我的诸漏已尽。’这七法就是应作证的。

“如是,这七十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

第一诵分终。

Satta dhammā
357. ‘‘Satta dhammā bahukārā…pe… satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bahukārā? Satta ariyadhanāni – saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ. Ime satta dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bhāvetabbā? Satta sambojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Ime satta dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pariññeyyā? Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti. Ime satta dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pahātabbā? Sattānusayā – kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo, avijjānusayo. Ime satta dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Satta asaddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. Ime satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Satta saddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā [hiriko (syā. kaṃ.)] hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. Ime satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Satta sappurisadhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca. Ime satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame satta dhammā uppādetabbā? Satta saññā – aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime satta dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā abhiññeyyā? Satta niddasavatthūni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyāramme tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyāramme avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo. Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo. Ime satta dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame satta dhammā sacchikātabbā? Satta khīṇāsavabalāni – idhāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ vivekaṭṭhaṃ nekkhammābhirataṃ byantībhūtaṃ sabbaso āsavaṭṭhāniyehi dhammehi. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pañcindriyāni bhāvitāni honti subhāvitāni. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti. Ime satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Itime sattati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
358PTS 3.285缅 3.244已对照

八法

“贤友们,有八法是多所作的,有八法应修习……乃至……有八法应作证。

(一)“哪八法是多所作的呢?八因、八缘能使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得,使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满。是哪八[因缘]呢?贤友,在此,比丘依止导师或某位堪为尊重的同梵行者而住,对他有强烈的惭愧现起,且有爱与恭敬。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第一因、第一缘。“他依止那位导师或某位堪为尊重的同梵行者而住,对他有强烈的惭愧现起,且有爱与恭敬;他时时前往请问、发问:‘尊者,这是怎样?这是什么义?’那些具寿便为他开显未开显的,明了未明了的,并于种种可疑之处除遣其疑。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第二因、第二缘。“他听闻那法之后,以身远离与心远离二种远离而成就。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第三因、第三缘。“复次,贤友,比丘具戒,以波罗提木叉(pātimokkha)律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处(sikkhāpada)而学习。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第四因、第四缘。“复次,贤友,比丘是多闻者、忆持所闻者、积集所闻者。凡是那些初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行的法,他对这样的诸法多闻、忆持、以语熟习、以意随观察、以见善通达。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第五因、第五缘。“复次,贤友,比丘为舍断诸不善法、为成就诸善法而住于发起精进,有力、坚固勇猛,于诸善法不放下[重]担。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第六因、第六缘。“复次,贤友,比丘是具念者,具足最上的念与审慎,对久远以前所作的、久远以前所说的也能忆念、随念。这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第七因、第七缘。“复次,贤友,比丘于五取蕴随观生灭而住:‘色是如此,色的集起是如此,色的灭没是如此;受是如此,受的集起是如此,受的灭没是如此;想是如此,想的集起是如此,想的灭没是如此;行是如此,行的集起是如此,行的灭没是如此;识是如此,识的集起是如此,识的灭没是如此。’这是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以获得、使已得的[慧]增多、广大、由修习而圆满的第八因、第八缘。这八法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪八法是应修习的呢?八支圣道,即:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。这八法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪八法是应遍知的呢?八世间法——得、不得、名声、无名声、毁、赞、乐、苦。这八法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪八法是应舍断的呢?八邪性——邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定。这八法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪八法是属退分的呢?八懈怠事——贤友,在此,比丘有工作应当做。他这样想:‘我将有工作要做;而我做工作时身体会疲劳,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的。这是第一懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘已做完工作。他这样想:‘我做了工作;而我做工作时身体已疲劳,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第二懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘有路应当走。他这样想:‘我将有路要走;而我走路时身体会疲劳,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第三懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘已走完路。他这样想:‘我走了路;而我走路时身体已疲劳,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第四懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘到村落或市镇乞食,没有得到粗的或细的食物足量的满足。他这样想:‘我到村落或市镇乞食,没有得到粗的或细的食物足量的满足;因此我的身体疲劳、不堪作业,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第五懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘到村落或市镇乞食,得到了粗的或细的食物足量的满足。他这样想:‘我到村落或市镇乞食,得到了粗的或细的食物足量的满足;因此我的身体沉重、不堪作业,简直像堆满了豆子,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第六懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘生起了轻微的病。他这样想:‘我生起了这轻微的病;躺下是有理由的,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下,不发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的……乃至……这是第七懈怠事。“复次,贤友,比丘刚从病中起身,病愈不久。他这样想:‘我刚从病中起身,病愈不久;因此我的身体虚弱、不堪作业,我还是躺下吧!’于是他躺下……乃至……这是第八懈怠事。这八法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪八法是属胜分的呢?八发勤事——贤友,在此,比丘有工作应当做。他这样想:‘我将有工作要做;而我做工作时不易作意诸佛的教说,我还是发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的吧!’于是他发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的。这是第一发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘已做完工作。他这样想:‘我做了工作;而我做工作时未能作意诸佛的教说,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第二发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘有路应当走。他这样想:‘我将有路要走;而我走路时不易作意诸佛的教说,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第三发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘已走完路。他这样想:‘我走了路;而我走路时未能作意诸佛的教说,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第四发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘到村落或市镇乞食,没有得到粗的或细的食物足量的满足。他这样想:‘我到村落或市镇乞食,没有得到粗的或细的食物足量的满足;因此我的身体轻快、堪于作业,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第五发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘到村落或市镇乞食,得到了粗的或细的食物足量的满足。他这样想:‘我到村落或市镇乞食,得到了粗的或细的食物足量的满足;因此我的身体强健、堪于作业,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第六发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘生起了轻微的病。他这样想:‘我生起了这轻微的病;而这是可能的——我的病会加重,我还是发起精进吧……乃至……’于是他发起精进……这是第七发勤事。“复次,贤友,比丘刚从病中起身,病愈不久。他这样想:‘我刚从病中起身,病愈不久;而这是可能的——我的病会复发,我还是发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的吧!’于是他发起精进,以达到未达到的、证得未证得的、作证未作证的。这是第八发勤事。这八法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪八法是难通达的呢?八种梵行住的非时、非机——贤友,在此,如来出现于世,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者,法被宣说——[那是]导向寂止的、导向般涅槃的、导向正觉的、善逝所宣说的;而这个人却往生地狱。这是梵行住的第一非时、非机。“复次,贤友,如来出现于世,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者,法被宣说——[那是]导向寂止的、导向般涅槃的、导向正觉的、善逝所宣说的;而这个人却往生畜生胎。这是梵行住的第二非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而往生饿鬼界。这是梵行住的第三非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而往生某一长寿的天众。这是梵行住的第四非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而生在边地诸国的蔑戾车(milakkha)中、无识者中——那里没有比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷的行处。这是梵行住的第五非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而这个人生在中部诸国;然而他是邪见者、有颠倒之见者——‘没有布施,没有供养(yiṭṭha),没有祭祀(huta);没有善作、恶作之业的果与异熟(vipāka);没有此世,没有他世;没有母,没有父;没有化生的众生(opapātika);世间没有正行的、正行道的沙门、婆罗门,自己以通智证知此世与他世之后加以宣说。’这是梵行住的第六非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而这个人生在中部诸国;然而他是劣慧者、愚钝者、聋哑[般]者,不堪了知善说与恶说之义。这是梵行住的第七非时、非机。“复次……乃至……而这个人生在中部诸国;他是有慧者、不愚钝者、不聋哑[般]者,堪于了知善说与恶说之义。这是梵行住的第八非时、非机。这八法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪八法是应令生起的呢?八大丈夫寻——‘此法是少欲者的,此法不是多欲者的;此法是知足者的,此法不是不知足者的;此法是远离者的,此法不是喜好聚众者的;此法是发起精进者的,此法不是懈怠者的;此法是念已现起者的,此法不是失念者的;此法是得定者的,此法不是不得定者的;此法是有慧者的,此法不是劣慧者的;此法是无妄衍者的,此法不是喜好妄衍者的。’这八法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪八法是应证知的呢?八胜处——内有色想者见外诸色,是少的、美色的与丑色的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第一胜处。“内有色想者见外诸色,是无量的、美色的与丑色的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第二胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是少的、美色的与丑色的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第三胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是无量的、美色的与丑色的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第四胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是青的、青色的、青所显的、青光的。犹如亚麻花(umā),是青的、青色的、青所显的、青光的;又如那波罗奈所产、两面磨光的布,是青的、青色的、青所显的、青光的。同样地,内无色想者见外诸色,是青的、青色的、青所显的、青光的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第五胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是黄的、黄色的、黄所显的、黄光的。犹如迦尼迦罗花(kaṇikāra),是黄的、黄色的、黄所显的、黄光的;又如那波罗奈所产、两面磨光的布,是黄的、黄色的、黄所显的、黄光的。同样地,内无色想者见外诸色,是黄的、黄色的、黄所显的、黄光的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第六胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是赤的、赤色的、赤所显的、赤光的。犹如朱槿花(bandhujīvaka),是赤的、赤色的、赤所显的、赤光的;又如那波罗奈所产、两面磨光的布,是赤的、赤色的、赤所显的、赤光的。同样地,内无色想者见外诸色,是赤的、赤色的、赤所显的、赤光的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第七胜处。“内无色想者见外诸色,是白的、白色的、白所显的、白光的。犹如太白星(osadhitārakā),是白的、白色的、白所显的、白光的;又如那波罗奈所产、两面磨光的布,是白的、白色的、白所显的、白光的。同样地,内无色想者见外诸色,是白的、白色的、白所显的、白光的,作这样的想:‘我胜过它们而知、而见。’这是第八胜处。这八法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪八法是应作证的呢?八解脱——有色者见诸色,这是第一解脱。“内无色想者见外诸色,这是第二解脱。“唯胜解为‘净’,这是第三解脱。“完全超越色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,[知]‘虚空是无边的’,成就并住于空无边处,这是第四解脱。“完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,成就并住于识无边处,这是第五解脱。“完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,成就并住于无所有处,这是第六解脱。“完全超越无所有处,成就并住于非想非非想处,这是第七解脱。“完全超越非想非非想处,成就并住于想受灭(saññāvedayitanirodha),这是第八解脱。这八法就是应作证的。

“如是,这八十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

Aṭṭha dhammā
358. ‘‘Aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā…pe… aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā? Aṭṭha hetū aṭṭha paccayā ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattanti. Katame aṭṭha? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthāraṃ [satthāraṃ vā (syā. ka.)] upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ, yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Ayaṃ paṭhamo hetu paṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya. Paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Taṃ kho pana satthāraṃ upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ, yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ? Imassa ko attho’ti? Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānī [anuttānikatañca uttāniṃ (ka.)] karonti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ dutiyo hetu dutiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya, vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Taṃ kho pana dhammaṃ sutvā dvayena vūpakāsena sampādeti – kāyavūpakāsena ca cittavūpakāsena ca. Ayaṃ tatiyo hetu tatiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ catuttho hetu catuttho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Ayaṃ pañcamo hetu pañcamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho hetu chaṭṭho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato. Cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Ayaṃ sattamo hetu sattamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu, udayabbayānupassī viharati – ‘iti rūpaṃ iti rūpassa samudayo iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā iti vedanāya samudayo iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā iti saññāya samudayo iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ iti viññāṇassa samudayo iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo hetu aṭṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā bhāvetabbā? Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā pariññeyyā? Aṭṭha lokadhammā – lābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṃsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañca. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā pahātabbā? Aṭṭha micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Aṭṭha kusītavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo kilanto akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo garuko akammañño, māsācitaṃ maññe, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho atthi kappo nipajjituṃ, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānāvuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānāvuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa me kāyo dubbalo akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho panāhaṃ karonto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho panāhaṃ gacchanto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo lahuko kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa me kāyo balavā kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho pavaḍḍheyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānā vuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho paccudāvatteyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Aṭṭha akkhaṇā asamayā brahmacariyavāsāya. Idhāvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo nirayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito, ayañca puggalo tiracchānayoniṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… pettivisayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… aññataraṃ dīghāyukaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… paccantimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti milakkhesu aviññātāresu, yattha natthi gati bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ. Ayaṃ pañcamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti micchādiṭṭhiko viparītadassano – ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti duppañño jaḷo eḷamūgo, nappaṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ sattamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti paññavā ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, paṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya. Ime aṭṭha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā uppādetabbā? Aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā – appicchassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo mahicchassa. Santuṭṭhassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asantuṭṭhassa. Pavivittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo saṅgaṇikārāmassa. Āraddhavīriyassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo kusītassa. Upaṭṭhitasatissāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo muṭṭhassatissa. Samāhitassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asamāhitassa. Paññavato [paññāvato (sī. pī.)] ayaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo duppaññassa. Nippapañcassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo papañcārāmassāti [nippapañcārāmassa ayaṃ dhammo nippapañcaratino, nāyaṃ dhammo papañcārāmassa papañcaratinoti (sī. syā. pī.) aṅguttarepi tatheva dissati. aṭṭhakathāṭīkā pana oloketabbā] ime aṭṭha dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā abhiññeyyā? Aṭṭha abhibhāyatanāni – ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ catutthaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma umāpupphaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma kaṇikārapupphaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma bandhujīvakapupphaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ sattamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma osadhitārakā odātā odātavaṇṇā odātanidassanā odātanibhāsā, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ odātaṃ odātavaṇṇaṃ odātanidassanaṃ odātanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ. Ime aṭṭha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā? Aṭṭha vimokkhā – rūpī rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo vimokkho.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ dutiyo vimokkho.
‘‘Subhanteva adhimutto hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ catuttho vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ pañcamo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ sattamo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo vimokkho. Ime aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime asīti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
359PTS 3.289缅 3.253已对照

九法

“贤友们,有九法是多所作的,有九法应修习……乃至……有九法应作证。

(一)“哪九法是多所作的呢?九种以如理作意为根本的法——如理作意者,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐;有乐者,心得定;心得定者,如实知见;如实知见者,厌离;厌离者,离贪;由离贪而解脱。这九法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪九法是应修习的呢?九清净勤支——戒清净是清净勤支,心清净是清净勤支,见清净是清净勤支,度疑清净是清净勤支,道非道智见清净是清净勤支,行道智见清净是清净勤支,智见清净是清净勤支,慧清净是清净勤支,解脱清净是清净勤支。这九法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪九法是应遍知的呢?九众生居——贤友,有众生身有种种、想有种种,譬如人、一部分诸天、一部分堕处者——这是第一众生居。“贤友,有众生身有种种而想同一,譬如最初生起的梵身天(brahmakāyika)诸天——这是第二众生居。“贤友,有众生身同一而想有种种,譬如光音天(Ābhassara)诸天——这是第三众生居。“贤友,有众生身同一、想亦同一,譬如遍净天(Subhakiṇha)诸天——这是第四众生居。“贤友,有众生是无想的、无所领受的,譬如无想众生(asaññasatta)诸天——这是第五众生居。“贤友,有众生完全超越色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,[知]‘虚空是无边的’,到达空无边处——这是第六众生居。“贤友,有众生完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,到达识无边处——这是第七众生居。“贤友,有众生完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,到达无所有处——这是第八众生居。“贤友,有众生完全超越无所有处,到达非想非非想处——这是第九众生居。这九法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪九法是应舍断的呢?九种以爱为根本的法——缘于爱而有遍求,缘于遍求而有获得,缘于获得而有抉择,缘于抉择而有欲贪,缘于欲贪而有耽著,缘于耽著而有占有,缘于占有而有悭吝,缘于悭吝而有守护;因守护之故,便有执杖、执刀、争吵、争执、诤论、尔汝相斥、离间语、虚妄语等种种恶不善法生起。这九法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪九法是属退分的呢?九怨恨事——[想]‘他曾对我作无益’而结怨恨;[想]‘他正对我作无益’而结怨恨;[想]‘他将对我作无益’而结怨恨;[想]‘他曾对我所爱、可意者作无益’而结怨恨……乃至……[想]‘正作无益’而结怨恨……乃至……[想]‘将作无益’而结怨恨;[想]‘他曾对我所不爱、不可意者作有益’而结怨恨……乃至……[想]‘正作有益’而结怨恨……乃至……[想]‘将作有益’而结怨恨。这九法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪九法是属胜分的呢?九怨恨的调伏——[想]‘他曾对我作无益,那在此哪里求得到呢’而调伏怨恨;[想]‘他正对我作无益,那在此哪里求得到呢’而调伏怨恨;[想]‘他将对我作无益,那在此哪里求得到呢’而调伏怨恨;[想]‘他曾对我所爱、可意者作无益……乃至……正作无益……乃至……将作无益,那在此哪里求得到呢’而调伏怨恨;[想]‘他曾对我所不爱、不可意者作有益……乃至……正作有益……乃至……将作有益,那在此哪里求得到呢’而调伏怨恨。这九法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪九法是难通达的呢?九种种性——缘于界的种种性而生起触的种种性,缘于触的种种性而生起受的种种性,缘于受的种种性而生起想的种种性,缘于想的种种性而生起思惟的种种性,缘于思惟的种种性而生起欲的种种性,缘于欲的种种性而生起热恼的种种性,缘于热恼的种种性而生起遍求的种种性,缘于遍求的种种性而生起获得的种种性。这九法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪九法是应令生起的呢?九想——不净想、死想、于食厌逆想、于一切世间不乐想、无常想、于无常的苦想、于苦的无我想、舍断想、离贪想。这九法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪九法是应证知的呢?九次第住——贤友,在此,比丘离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅;寻、伺寂止……乃至……成就并住于第二禅;离喜……乃至……成就并住于第三禅;舍断乐……乃至……成就并住于第四禅;完全超越色想……乃至……成就并住于空无边处;完全超越空无边处,[知]‘识是无边的’,成就并住于识无边处;完全超越识无边处,[知]‘什么都没有’,成就并住于无所有处;完全超越无所有处,成就并住于非想非非想处;完全超越非想非非想处,成就并住于想受灭。这九法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪九法是应作证的呢?九次第灭——入初禅者,欲想已灭;入第二禅者,寻、伺已灭;入第三禅者,喜已灭;入第四禅者,入息、出息已灭;入空无边处者,色想已灭;入识无边处者,空无边处想已灭;入无所有处者,识无边处想已灭;入非想非非想处者,无所有处想已灭;入想受灭者,想与受已灭。这九法就是应作证的。

“如是,这九十法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

Nava dhammā
359. ‘‘Nava dhammā bahukārā…pe… nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame nava dhammā bahukārā? Nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, yonisomanasikaroto pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhite citte yathābhūtaṃ jānāti passati, yathābhūtaṃ jānaṃ passaṃ nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati. Ime nava dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā bhāvetabbā? Nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni – sīlavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, cittavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, diṭṭhivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, maggāmaggañāṇadassana – visuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, ñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paññāvisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, vimuttivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ. Ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame nava dhammā pariññeyyā? Nava sattāvāsā – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catuttho sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā asaññino appaṭisaṃvedino, seyyathāpi devā asaññasattā. Ayaṃ pañcamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ navamo sattāvāso. Ime nava dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā pahātabbā? Nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā – taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṃ paṭicca chandarāgo, chandarāgaṃ paṭicca ajjhosānaṃ, ajjhosānaṃ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṃ paṭicca macchariyaṃ, macchariyaṃ paṭicca ārakkho, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ [ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ paṭicca (syā. pī. ka.)] daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādatuvaṃtuvaṃpesuññamusāvādā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. Ime nava dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame nava dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Nava āghātavatthūni – ‘anatthaṃ me acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati. Ime nava dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame nava dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Nava āghātapaṭivinayā – ‘anatthaṃ me acari, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari…pe… anatthaṃ carati…pe… anatthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari…pe… atthaṃ carati…pe… atthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti. Ime nava dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Nava nānattā – dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ, phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānattaṃ, vedanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saññānānattaṃ, saññānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṅkappanānattaṃ, saṅkappanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandanānattaṃ, chandanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariḷāhanānattaṃ, pariḷāhanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariyesanānānattaṃ, pariyesanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati lābhanānattaṃ. Ime nava dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame nava dhammā uppādetabbā? Nava saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā [anabhiratasaññā (syā. ka.)], aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā. Ime nava dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā abhiññeyyā? Nava anupubbavihārā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime nava dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame nava dhammā sacchikātabbā? Nava anupubbanirodhā – paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa kāmasaññā niruddhā hoti, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārā niruddhā honti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa pīti niruddhā hoti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāssā niruddhā honti, ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa rūpasaññā niruddhā hoti, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca niruddhā honti. Ime nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime navuti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
360PTS 3.291缅 3.256已对照

十法

“贤友们,有十法是多所作的,有十法应修习……乃至……有十法应作证。

(一)“哪十法是多所作的呢?十使[人]有依怙的法——贤友,在此,比丘具戒,以波罗提木叉(pātimokkha)律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处(sikkhāpada)而学习。贤友,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习——这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达。贤友,比丘是多闻者……乃至……这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是善友者、善伴者、善随从者。贤友,比丘……乃至……是善随从者。这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是易受劝者,具足使人易受劝的诸法,能忍,善持教诫。贤友,比丘……乃至……善持教诫。这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘对于诸同梵行者种种大小应作之事,是娴熟、不懈怠的,具足于此的方便审察(vīmaṃsā),堪能作、堪能安排。贤友,比丘……乃至……堪能安排。这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是爱法者、言谈可爱者,于增上法、增上律有广大的愉悦。贤友,比丘……乃至……有广大的愉悦。这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘对随得的衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具知足。贤友,比丘……乃至……这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘住于发起精进……乃至……于诸善法[不放下重担]。贤友,比丘……乃至……这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是具念者,具足最上的念与审慎,对久远以前所作的、久远以前所说的也能忆念、随念。贤友,比丘……乃至……这也是使[人]有依怙的法。“复次,贤友,比丘是有慧者,具足通达生灭的慧——[那是]圣的、能洞察的、能导向正确尽苦的[慧]。贤友,比丘……乃至……这也是使[人]有依怙的法。这十法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪十法是应修习的呢?十遍处——有一[人]了知地遍,上、下、四维、无二、无量;有一[人]了知水遍……乃至……有一[人]了知火遍……有一[人]了知风遍……有一[人]了知青遍……有一[人]了知黄遍……有一[人]了知赤遍……有一[人]了知白遍……有一[人]了知空遍……有一[人]了知识遍,上、下、四维、无二、无量。这十法就是应修习的。

(三)“哪十法是应遍知的呢?十处——眼处、色处、耳处、声处、鼻处、香处、舌处、味处、身处、触处。这十法就是应遍知的。

(四)“哪十法是应舍断的呢?十邪性——邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定、邪智、邪解脱。这十法就是应舍断的。

(五)“哪十法是属退分的呢?十不善业道——杀生、不与取、欲邪行、虚妄语、离间语、粗恶语、杂秽语、贪欲、瞋恚、邪见。这十法就是属退分的。

(六)“哪十法是属胜分的呢?十善业道——离杀生、离不与取、离欲邪行、离虚妄语、离离间语、离粗恶语、离杂秽语、无贪欲、无瞋恚、正见。这十法就是属胜分的。

(七)“哪十法是难通达的呢?十圣住——贤友,在此,比丘是已断五支者、已具六支者、有一守护者、有四所依者、已除遣各别之谛者、已完全舍遣遍求者、无浊思惟者、身行已轻安者、心善解脱者、慧善解脱者。“贤友,比丘怎样是已断五支者呢?贤友,在此,比丘的欲欲已断,瞋恚已断,昏沉睡眠已断,掉举追悔已断,疑已断。贤友,这样比丘就是已断五支者。“贤友,比丘怎样是已具六支者呢?贤友,在此,比丘以眼见色后,既不喜悦也不忧,住于舍,具念、正知;以耳闻声后……乃至……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,既不喜悦也不忧,住于舍,具念、正知。贤友,这样比丘就是已具六支者。“贤友,比丘怎样是有一守护者呢?贤友,在此,比丘具足以念守护的心。贤友,这样比丘就是有一守护者。“贤友,比丘怎样是有四所依者呢?贤友,在此,比丘审虑之后受用一[类事],审虑之后忍受一[类事],审虑之后回避一[类事],审虑之后除遣一[类事]。贤友,这样比丘就是有四所依者。“贤友,比丘怎样是已除遣各别之谛者呢?贤友,在此,凡是众多沙门、婆罗门的种种各别之谛,比丘对那一切都已除去、已除遣、已弃舍、已吐出、已释放、已断除、已舍离。贤友,这样比丘就是已除遣各别之谛者。“贤友,比丘怎样是已完全舍遣遍求者呢?贤友,在此,比丘的欲求已断,有求已断,梵行求已止息。贤友,这样比丘就是已完全舍遣遍求者。“贤友,比丘怎样是无浊思惟者呢?贤友,在此,比丘的欲思惟已断,瞋恚思惟已断,害思惟已断。贤友,这样比丘就是无浊思惟者。“贤友,比丘怎样是身行已轻安者呢?贤友,在此,比丘舍断乐与舍断苦,先前的喜、忧已经灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,成就并住于第四禅。贤友,这样比丘就是身行已轻安者。“贤友,比丘怎样是心善解脱者呢?贤友,在此,比丘的心从贪解脱,心从瞋解脱,心从痴解脱。贤友,这样比丘就是心善解脱者。“贤友,比丘怎样是慧善解脱者呢?贤友,在此,比丘了知:‘我的贪已断,根已断,已作成如断[顶]的多罗树[桩],已令归于不存在,未来不再生起之法。’‘我的瞋已断……乃至……未来不再生起之法’,他了知;‘我的痴已断……乃至……未来不再生起之法’,他了知。贤友,这样比丘就是慧善解脱者。这十法就是难通达的。

(八)“哪十法是应令生起的呢?十想——不净想、死想、于食厌逆想、于一切世间不乐想、无常想、于无常的苦想、于苦的无我想、舍断想、离贪想、灭想。这十法就是应令生起的。

(九)“哪十法是应证知的呢?十遣除事——于正见者,邪见被遣除;凡是以邪见为缘而生起的种种恶不善法,那些于他也被遣除。于正思惟者,邪思惟……乃至……于正语者,邪语……于正业者,邪业……于正命者,邪命……于正精进者,邪精进……于正念者,邪念……于正定者,邪定……于正智者,邪智被遣除。于正解脱者,邪解脱被遣除;凡是以邪解脱为缘而生起的种种恶不善法,那些于他也被遣除。这十法就是应证知的。

(十)“哪十法是应作证的呢?十无学法——无学的正见、无学的正思惟、无学的正语、无学的正业、无学的正命、无学的正精进、无学的正念、无学的正定、无学的正智、无学的正解脱。这十法就是应作证的。

“如是,这一百法是真实的、如实的、如是的、不虚的、不异的,已为如来所正现等觉。

具寿舍利弗这样说。那些比丘满意、欢喜具寿舍利弗所说。

《十上经》第十一,终。

《波梨品》终。

其摄颂为:

波梨与优昙婆罗,转轮王、本初;

自欢喜与清净,大丈夫相[经];

善生、阿吒那胝,众集与十上——

以十一经故,称为《波梨品》。

《波梨品》巴利圣典终。

以三品庄严的整部《长部》圆满。

Dasa dhammā
360. ‘‘Dasa dhammā bahukārā…pe… dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā bahukārā? Dasa nāthakaraṇādhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… anusāsaniṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha dakkho hoti analaso tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ, alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti piyasamudāhāro abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjo. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… uḷārapāmojjo. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarehi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu …pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati…pe… kusalesu dhammesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti, paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato, ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. Ime dasa dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā? Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni – pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Āpokasiṇameko sañjānāti…pe… tejokasiṇameko sañjānāti… vāyokasiṇameko sañjānāti… nīlakasiṇameko sañjānāti… pītakasiṇameko sañjānāti… lohitakasiṇameko sañjānāti… odātakasiṇameko sañjānāti… ākāsakasiṇameko sañjānāti… viññāṇakasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā pariññeyyā? Dasāyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā pahātabbā? Dasa micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi, micchāñāṇaṃ, micchāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dasa akusalakammapathā – pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo, abhijjhā, byāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Dasa kusalakammapathā – pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, anabhijjhā, abyāpādo, sammādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Dasa ariyavāsā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti, chaḷaṅgasamannāgato, ekārakkho, caturāpasseno, paṇunnapaccekasacco, samavayasaṭṭhesano, anāvilasaṅkappo, passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro, suvimuttacitto, suvimuttapañño.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satārakkhena cetasā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, sabbāni tāni nunnāni honti paṇunnāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappā hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, byāpādasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, dosā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, mohā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Doso me pahīno…pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Moho me pahīno …pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti. Ime dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā uppādetabbā? Dasa saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime dasa dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dasa nijjaravatthūni – sammādiṭṭhissa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchādiṭṭhipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāsaṅkappassa micchāsaṅkappo…pe… sammāvācassa micchāvācā… sammākammantassa micchākammanto… sammāājīvassa micchāājīvo… sammāvāyāmassa micchāvāyāmo… sammāsatissa micchāsati… sammāsamādhissa micchāsamādhi… sammāñāṇassa micchāñāṇaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ hoti. Sammāvimuttissa micchāvimutti nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchāvimuttipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Ime dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā? Dasa asekkhā dhammā – asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi, asekkho sammāsaṅkappo, asekkhā sammāvācā, asekkho sammākammanto, asekkho sammāājīvo, asekkho sammāvāyāmo, asekkhā sammāsati, asekkho sammāsamādhi, asekkhaṃ sammāñāṇaṃ, asekkhā sammāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime satadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti. Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Dasuttarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.
Pāthikavaggo [pāṭikavaggo (sī. syā. pī.)] niṭṭhito.
Tassuddānaṃ –
Pāthiko ca [pāṭikañca (syā. kaṃ.)] udumbaraṃ [pāṭikodumbarīceva (sī. pī.)], cakkavatti aggaññakaṃ;
Sampasādanapāsādaṃ [sampasādañca pāsādaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ.
Siṅgālāṭānāṭiyakaṃ, saṅgīti ca dasuttaraṃ;
Ekādasahi suttehi, pāthikavaggoti vuccati.
Pāthikavaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.
Tīhi vaggehi paṭimaṇḍito sakalo
Dīghanikāyo samatto.