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长部第8经 · 迦叶师子吼经 Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ

本经目录苦行行法无义之说狮子吼之说

381PTS 1.161缅 1.153已对照

裸行者迦叶之事 如是我闻:一时,世尊(Bhagavā)住在郁头随若(Uruññā)的普棘刺(Kaṇṇakatthala)鹿野苑(migadāya)。那时,裸行者迦叶(acela Kassapa,古译「裸形迦叶」)来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候;交换了友好、可念的问候话语之后,站在一旁。站在一旁的裸行者迦叶对世尊这样说:“乔达摩(Gotama)尊师,我听到这样的话——‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行(tapa),对一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向讥毁、非难。’乔达摩尊师,那些这样说的人——‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向讥毁、非难’——他们是否是在转述乔达摩尊师所说的话?他们是否不曾以不实之事诽谤乔达摩尊师?是否是随法而解说法?是否没有任何如法的论说或随论会招致可责难之处?因为我们并不想诽谤乔达摩尊师。”

381. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruññāyaṃ [ujuññāyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharati kaṇṇakatthale migadāye. Atha kho acelo kassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti. Ye te, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, kacci te bhoto gotamassa vuttavādino, na ca bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti.
382PTS 1.162已对照

“迦叶,那些这样说的人——‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向讥毁、非难’——他们并不是在转述我所说的话,而是以不实、不真之事诽谤我。迦叶,于此,我以清净、超人的天眼(dibbacakkhu),见到某个修苦行、活命粗陋者身坏命终之后,投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。迦叶,而于此,我也以清净、超人的天眼,见到某个修苦行、活命粗陋者身坏命终之后,投生于善趣、天界。

382. ‘‘Ye te, kassapa, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṃ te asatā abhūtena. Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ.
383缅 1.154已对照

“迦叶,于此,我以清净、超人的天眼,见到某个修苦行、少苦而住者身坏命终之后,投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。迦叶,而于此,我也以清净、超人的天眼,见到某个修苦行、少苦而住者身坏命终之后,投生于善趣、天界。迦叶,我既如实了知这些苦行者如是的来处、去处、死没与投生,那我又怎会呵责一切苦行,或对一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向讥毁、非难呢?

383. ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ. Yohaṃ, kassapa, imesaṃ tapassīnaṃ evaṃ āgatiñca gatiñca cutiñca upapattiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmi, sohaṃ kiṃ sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahissāmi, sabbaṃ vā tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosissāmi upavadissāmi?
384PTS 1.163已对照

“迦叶,有一些沙门、婆罗门是贤智、聪敏、惯于与他人论辩、犹如能射穿毛发者。他们仿佛以智慧游行着摧破诸见。我与他们在有些方面相合,在有些方面不相合。他们说某事为‘善’,我们也说那事为‘善’;他们说某事为‘不善’,我们也说那事为‘不善’;他们说某事为‘善’,我们却说那事为‘不善’;他们说某事为‘不善’,我们却说那事为‘善’。 “我们说某事为‘善’,他人也说那事为‘善’;我们说某事为‘不善’,他人也说那事为‘不善’;我们说某事为‘不善’,他人却说那事为‘善’;我们说某事为‘善’,他人却说那事为‘不善’。

384. ‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paṇḍitā nipuṇā kataparappavādā vālavedhirūpā. Te bhindantā maññe caranti paññāgatena diṭṭhigatāni. Tehipi me saddhiṃ ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti, ekaccesu ṭhānesu na sameti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti.
‘‘Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti.
Samanuyuñjāpanakathā
385已对照

令盘问之说 “我去到他们那里,这样说:‘贤友们,在我们不相合的那些方面,就让那些方面搁置吧。在相合的那些方面,就让有智者盘问、追究、诘问——以导师[对比]导师,或以僧团[对比]僧团:“这些尊者的诸法中,凡是不善的、被认为是不善的,有罪的、被认为是有罪的,不应习近的、被认为是不应习近的,不足以成为圣的、被认为不足以成为圣的,黑的、被认为是黑的——是谁把这些法无余舍断而行的:是沙门乔达摩呢,还是其他诸位会众之师(gaṇācariya)呢?”’

385. ‘‘Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – yesu no, āvuso, ṭhānesu na sameti, tiṭṭhantu tāni ṭhānāni. Yesu ṭhānesu sameti, tattha viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ti?
386缅 1.155已对照

“迦叶,有这样的可能:有智者盘问、追究、诘问时会这样说——‘这些尊者的诸法中,凡是不善的、被认为是不善的,有罪的、被认为是有罪的,不应习近的、被认为是不应习近的,不足以成为圣的、被认为不足以成为圣的,黑的、被认为是黑的,沙门乔达摩把这些法无余舍断而行;而其他诸位会众之师,则只是舍断这个那个少许而行。’迦叶,如是,有智者在盘问、追究、诘问时,在那[一点]上大多会称赞我们。

386. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
387已对照

“再者,迦叶,有智者盘问、追究、诘问时——以导师[对比]导师,或以僧团[对比]僧团:“这些尊者的诸法中,凡是善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、被认为是白的——是谁把这些法无余受持而行的:是沙门乔达摩呢,还是其他诸位会众之师呢?”

387. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ ti?
388PTS 1.164已对照

“迦叶,有这样的可能:有智者盘问、追究、诘问时会这样说——‘这些尊者的诸法中,凡是善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、被认为是白的,沙门乔达摩把这些法无余受持而行;而其他诸位会众之师,则只是受持这个那个少许而行。’迦叶,如是,有智者在盘问、追究、诘问时,在那[一点]上大多会称赞我们。

388. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
389已对照

“再者,迦叶,有智者盘问、追究、诘问时——以导师[对比]导师,或以僧团[对比]僧团:“这些尊者的诸法中,凡是不善的、被认为是不善的,有罪的、被认为是有罪的,不应习近的、被认为是不应习近的,不足以成为圣的、被认为不足以成为圣的,黑的、被认为是黑的——是谁把这些法无余舍断而行的:是乔达摩的弟子僧团呢,还是其他诸位会众之师的弟子僧团呢?”

389. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
390已对照

“迦叶,有这样的可能:有智者盘问、追究、诘问时会这样说——‘这些尊者的诸法中,凡是不善的、被认为是不善的,有罪的、被认为是有罪的,不应习近的、被认为是不应习近的,不足以成为圣的、被认为不足以成为圣的,黑的、被认为是黑的,乔达摩的弟子僧团把这些法无余舍断而行;而其他诸位会众之师的弟子僧团,则只是舍断这个那个少许而行。’迦叶,如是,有智者在盘问、追究、诘问时,在那[一点]上大多会称赞我们。

390. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
391PTS 1.165缅 1.156已对照

“再者,迦叶,有智者盘问、追究、诘问时——以导师[对比]导师,或以僧团[对比]僧团:“这些尊者的诸法中,凡是善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、被认为是白的——是谁把这些法无余受持而行的:是乔达摩的弟子僧团呢,还是其他诸位会众之师的弟子僧团呢?”

391. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ. ‘Ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
392已对照

“迦叶,有这样的可能:有智者盘问、追究、诘问时会这样说——‘这些尊者的诸法中,凡是善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、被认为是白的,乔达摩的弟子僧团把这些法无余受持而行;而其他诸位会众之师的弟子僧团,则只是受持这个那个少许而行。’迦叶,如是,有智者在盘问、追究、诘问时,在那[一点]上大多会称赞我们。

392. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo
393已对照

八支圣道 “迦叶,有道(magga),有行道(paṭipadā);依之而行道者,将自己知、自己见:‘沙门乔达摩确实是适时而说、真实而说、有义而说、说法而说、说律而说的。’迦叶,什么是道?什么是行道——依之而行道者,将自己知、自己见‘沙门乔达摩确实是适时而说、真实而说、有义而说、说法而说、说律而说的’呢?正是这八支圣道(ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)。这就是:正见(sammādiṭṭhi)、正思惟(sammāsaṅkappa)、正语(sammāvācā)、正业(sammākammanta)、正命(sammāājīva)、正精进(sammāvāyāma)、正念(sammāsati)、正定(sammāsamādhi)。迦叶,这就是道,这就是行道;依之而行道者,将自己知、自己见:‘沙门乔达摩确实是适时而说、真实而说、有义而说、说法而说、说律而说的。’”

393. ‘‘Atthi, kassapa, maggo atthi paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati [dakkhiti (sī.)] – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti. Katamo ca, kassapa, maggo, katamā ca paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, maggo, ayaṃ paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’’’ti.
Tapopakkamakathā
394PTS 1.166缅 1.157已对照

苦行行法之说 如是说时,裸行者迦叶对世尊说:“乔达摩贤友,这些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙门婆罗门所谓的沙门性与所谓的婆罗门性。他是裸行者(acelaka),行为无拘,舔手[而食],[被唤]“来吧,尊者”而不来,[被唤]“请住,尊者”而不住,不领受特地持来的[食物],不领受特为[他]而作的[食物],不领受邀请。他不从锅口领受,不从盆口领受,不[领受]隔着门槛的、不[领受]隔着棍杖的、不[领受]隔着杵的[食物],不[领受]二人共食时[其中一人所施]的,不[领受]孕妇的,不[领受]哺乳妇的,不[领受]正与男子相处的妇人的,不[领受]募集共煮的,不[领受]有狗守候之处的,不[领受]苍蝇成群飞集之处的;不[食]鱼,不[食]肉,不饮谷酒,不[饮]花果酒,不饮糠水。他或是一家[乞食]者、一团[食]者,或是二家[乞食]者、二团[食]者……乃至……或是七家[乞食]者、七团[食]者;他以一施钵[之食]维生,以二施钵[之食]维生……以七施钵[之食]维生;他隔一日进一次食,隔二日进一次食……隔七日进一次食。他就这样住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食(pariyāyabhattabhojana)之行。

394. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano, na ehibhaddantiko, na tiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ, na uddissakataṃ, na nimantanaṃ sādiyati. So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya, na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ, na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ, na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.
395已对照

“乔达摩贤友,这些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙门婆罗门所谓的沙门性与所谓的婆罗门性。他或以菜蔬为食,或以稷米为食,或以野生稻为食,或以皮屑为食,或以水藻为食,或以米糠为食,或以锅巴为食,或以胡麻渣为食,或以草为食,或以牛粪为食;以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果。

395. ‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti, haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī.
396PTS 1.167缅 1.158已对照

“乔达摩贤友,这些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙门婆罗门所谓的沙门性与所谓的婆罗门性。他也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣,也穿裹尸布衣,也穿粪扫衣,也穿树皮衣,也穿羚羊皮,也穿羚羊皮条衣,也穿吉祥草衣,也穿树皮纤维衣,也穿木片衣,也穿人发毯,也穿马尾毛毯,也穿枭羽衣;他是拔除须发者,住于拔除须发之行;他是常立者,拒绝座位;他是蹲踞者,住于蹲踞精勤之行;他是卧刺者,在刺床上安置卧处;他也作木板卧,也作土地卧;他是一胁卧者,持[身]尘垢;他是露地住者,随所敷[而住];他是食秽者,住于食秽之行;他是不饮者,住于不饮[冷水]之行;他住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行。”

396. ‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhikampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi [ubbhaṭṭhikopi (ka.)] hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti, phalakaseyyampi kappeti, thaṇḍilaseyyampi kappeti, ekapassayikopi hoti rajojalladharo, abbhokāsikopi hoti yathāsanthatiko, vekaṭikopi hoti vikaṭabhojanānuyogamanuyutto, apānakopi hoti apānakattamanuyutto, sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’’ti.
Tapopakkamaniratthakathā
397已对照

苦行行法无义之说

“迦叶,纵使有人是裸行者,行为无拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食之行——而他的这戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修习、未曾作证,那么他离沙门性(sāmañña)尚远,离婆罗门性(brahmañña)尚远。迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。

397. ‘‘Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
PTS 1.168已对照

“迦叶,纵使有人以菜蔬为食,以稷米为食……乃至……以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果——而他的这戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修习、未曾作证,那么他离沙门性(sāmañña)尚远,离婆罗门性(brahmañña)尚远。迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。

‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
缅 1.159已对照

“迦叶,纵使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣……乃至……住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行——而他的这戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修习、未曾作证,那么他离沙门性(sāmañña)尚远,离婆罗门性(brahmañña)尚远。迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。

‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
398PTS 1.169缅 1.160已对照

如是说时,裸行者迦叶对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师,沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。”“迦叶,世间[本]有这样的常言:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’ “迦叶,纵使有人是裸行者,行为无拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食之行——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门性或婆罗门性才成为难行、极难行,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’ “而这[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘来吧,我也做裸行者,行为无拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食之行。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门性或婆罗门性之难行、极难行不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。 “迦叶,纵使有人以菜蔬为食,以稷米为食……乃至……以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门性或婆罗门性才成为难行、极难行,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’ “而这[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘来吧,我也以菜蔬为食,或以稷米为食……乃至……以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门性或婆罗门性之难行、极难行不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。 “迦叶,纵使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣……乃至……住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门性或婆罗门性才成为难行、极难行,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’ “而这[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘来吧,我也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣……乃至……住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门性或婆罗门性之难行、极难行不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。

398. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dukkaraṃ, bho gotama, sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’’nti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ acelako homi, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sākabhakkho vā homi, sāmākabhakkho vā…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpemi pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sāṇānipi dhāremi, masāṇānipi dhāremi…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
399PTS 1.170缅 1.161已对照

如是说时,裸行者迦叶对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师,沙门难知,婆罗门难知。”“迦叶,世间[本]有这样的常言:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’ “迦叶,纵使有人是裸行者,行为无拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食之行——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门或婆罗门才成为难知、极难知,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’ “而这[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也认得出——‘这人是裸行者,行为无拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食之行。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门或婆罗门之难知、极难知不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。 “迦叶,纵使有人以菜蔬为食,以稷米为食……乃至……以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门或婆罗门才成为难知、极难知,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’ “而这[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也认得出——‘这人以菜蔬为食,以稷米为食……乃至……以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门或婆罗门之难知、极难知不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。 “迦叶,纵使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣……乃至……住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行——迦叶,假如仅凭这样的分量、凭这样的苦行行法,沙门或婆罗门才成为难知、极难知,那么就不适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’ “而这[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也认得出——‘这人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣……乃至……住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行。’ “迦叶,正因为沙门或婆罗门之难知、极难知不在于这样的分量、不在于这样的苦行行法,所以才适宜这样说:‘沙门难知,婆罗门难知。’迦叶,唯当比丘修习无怨、无恼害的慈心(mettacitta),并由诸漏灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱(cetovimutti)、慧解脱(paññāvimutti),成就并住时——迦叶,这样的比丘才被称为沙门,也[被称为]婆罗门。

399. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dujjāno, bho gotama, samaṇo, dujjāno brāhmaṇo’’ti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho [yato ca kho (ka.)], kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sākabhakkho vā hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
Sīlasamādhipaññāsampadā
400已对照

戒定慧具足 如是说时,裸行者迦叶对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师,那么什么是戒具足?什么是心具足?什么是慧具足呢?”“迦叶,于此,如来(Tathāgata)出现于世间,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者……乃至……[如第190–193段所说,应如是广说]于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处(sikkhāpada)而学习,具足善的身业和语业,活命遍净,具足戒,守护诸根之门,具足正念正知,知足。

400. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamā pana sā, bho gotama, sīlasampadā, katamā cittasampadā, katamā paññāsampadā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, kassapa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ, sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-193 anucchedesu, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ) bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato kusalena parisuddhājīvo sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro satisampajaññena samannāgato santuṭṭho.
401PTS 1.172缅 1.163已对照

“迦叶,比丘如何具足戒呢?迦叶,在此,比丘舍断杀生(pāṇātipāta),远离杀生,放下棍棒,放下刀剑,有惭愧,具同情心,怀着利益、悲悯一切众生生命之心而住。这也属于他的戒具足……乃至……[如第194至210段所说] “或者,正如有些尊贵的沙门、婆罗门,食用信施的食物后,仍以这样的畜生明邪命维持生计。这就是:息灾仪式、还愿仪式……乃至……[如第211段所说]排除药物残效等等。他远离这样的畜生明邪命。这也属于他的戒具足。 “迦叶,这样具足戒的比丘,由于戒的防护,不见任何地方有怖畏。迦叶,犹如已灌顶的刹帝利王,已降伏敌人,就敌人而言,他不见任何地方有怖畏;同样地,迦叶,这样具足戒的比丘,由于戒的防护,不见任何地方有怖畏。他具足这圣洁的戒蕴(sīlakkhandha),内心感受无过失之乐。迦叶,比丘就是这样具足戒的。迦叶,这就是戒具足……乃至……成就并住于初禅。这也属于他的心具足……乃至……第二禅……乃至……第三禅……乃至……成就并住于第四禅。这也属于他的心具足。迦叶,这就是心具足。 “他的心如此得定……乃至……引导心、使心转向于智见(ñāṇadassana)……乃至……这也属于他的慧具足……乃至……他了知‘……再无后有’……乃至……这也属于他的慧具足。迦叶,这就是慧具足。 “迦叶,比这戒具足、心具足、慧具足更上、更殊胜的其他戒具足、心具足、慧具足,是没有的。

401. ‘‘Kathañca, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhu pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya …pe… (yathā 194 yāva 210 anucchedesu)
‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti. Seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ…pe… (yathā 211 anucchede) osadhīnaṃ patimokkho iti vā iti, evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya.
‘‘Sa kho so [ayaṃ kho (ka.)], kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nihatapaccāmitto na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ paccatthikato. Evameva kho, kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evaṃ kho, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, sīlasampadā…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, cittasampadā.
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, paññāsampadā.
‘‘Imāya ca, kassapa, sīlasampadāya cittasampadāya paññāsampadāya aññā sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthi.
Sīhanādakathā
402已对照

狮子吼之说

“迦叶,有一些沙门、婆罗门是说戒者(sīlavādī)。他们以种种方式称扬戒。迦叶,就圣的、最上的戒而言,我在其中看不到与我相等者,何况更胜者!反而是我在其中更胜,即此增上戒(adhisīla)。

402. ‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sīlavādā. Te anekapariyāyena sīlassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyaṃ paramaṃ sīlaṃ, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhisīlaṃ.
缅 1.164已对照

“迦叶,有一些沙门、婆罗门是说苦行厌离者(tapojigucchāvādī)。他们以种种方式称扬苦行厌离。迦叶,就圣的、最上的苦行厌离而言,我在其中看不到与我相等者,何况更胜者!反而是我在其中更胜,即此增上厌离(adhijeguccha)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā tapojigucchāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena tapojigucchāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā tapojigucchā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhijegucchaṃ.
已对照

“迦叶,有一些沙门、婆罗门是说慧者(paññāvādī)。他们以种种方式称扬慧。迦叶,就圣的、最上的慧而言,我在其中看不到与我相等者,何况更胜者!反而是我在其中更胜,即此增上慧(adhipaññā)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paññāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena paññāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā paññā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhipaññaṃ.
已对照

“迦叶,有一些沙门、婆罗门是说解脱者(vimuttivādī)。他们以种种方式称扬解脱。迦叶,就圣的、最上的解脱而言,我在其中看不到与我相等者,何况更胜者!反而是我在其中更胜,即此增上解脱(adhivimutti)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā vimuttivādā. Te anekapariyāyena vimuttiyā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā vimutti, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhivimutti.
403PTS 1.175缅 1.165已对照

“迦叶,有这样的可能:其他外道的游方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)们会这样说——‘沙门乔达摩确实作狮子吼,但那是在空屋中作的,不是在众中作的。’应当对他们说:‘不要这样[说]。’迦叶,应当对他们这样说:‘沙门乔达摩既作狮子吼,也在众中作。’ “迦叶,有这样的可能:其他外道的游方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)们会这样说——‘沙门乔达摩既作狮子吼,也在众中作,但作得并不无所畏惧。’应当对他们说:‘不要这样[说]。’迦叶,应当对他们这样说:‘沙门乔达摩既作狮子吼,也在众中作,而且作得无所畏惧。’ “迦叶,有这样的可能:其他外道的游方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)们会这样说——‘沙门乔达摩既作狮子吼,也在众中作,作得也无所畏惧,但[人们]并不向他问问题……乃至……[人们]确实向他问问题,但他被问时并不为他们解答……乃至……他被问时确实为他们解答,但并不以问题的解答使[他们的]心满意……乃至……确实以问题的解答使[他们的]心满意,但[他们]并不认为[他的话]值得听闻……乃至……[他们]确实认为[他的话]值得听闻,但听闻后并不[对他]净信……乃至……听闻后确实对他净信,但并不作出净信的表示……乃至……确实作出净信的表示,但并不为达到那样[的状态]而行道……乃至……确实为达到那样[的状态]而行道,但行道之后并不[令他]满意。’应当对他们说:‘不要这样[说]。’迦叶,应当对他们这样说:‘沙门乔达摩既作狮子吼,也在众中作,作得也无所畏惧;[人们]向他问问题,他被问时为他们解答,以问题的解答使[他们的]心满意,[他们]认为[他的话]值得听闻,听闻后对他净信,作出净信的表示,为达到那样[的状态]而行道,而且行道之后[令他]满意。’

403. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo nadati, tañca kho suññāgāre nadati, no parisāsū’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadatī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, no ca kho visārado nadatī’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadatī’’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, no ca kho naṃ pañhaṃ pucchanti…pe… pañhañca naṃ pucchanti; no ca kho nesaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti…pe… pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti; no ca kho pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti…pe… pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti; no ca kho sotabbaṃ maññanti…pe… sotabbañcassa maññanti; no ca kho sutvā pasīdanti…pe… sutvā cassa pasīdanti; no ca kho pasannākāraṃ karonti…pe… pasannākārañca karonti; no ca kho tathattāya paṭipajjanti…pe… tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti; no ca kho paṭipannā ārādhentī’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, pañhañca naṃ pucchanti, pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti, pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti, sotabbañcassa maññanti, sutvā cassa pasīdanti, pasannākārañca karonti, tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti, paṭipannā ca ārādhentī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
Titthiyaparivāsakathā
404PTS 1.176已对照

外道别住之说 “迦叶,有一次我住在王舍城(Rājagaha)的灵鹫山(Gijjhakūṭa)。在那里,有一位名叫尼拘陀(Nigrodha)的苦行梵行者(tapabrahmacārī)就增上厌离向我发问。我被问及增上厌离而作了解答;在我解答之后,他满意得超乎限度。”“尊者,听闻世尊之法后,有谁会不满意得超乎限度呢?尊者,我听闻世尊之法后,也满意得超乎限度。奇哉!尊者,奇哉!尊者。尊者,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,世尊以种种方式开显了法。尊者,我皈依(saraṇa)世尊、法(dhamma)与比丘僧团(bhikkhusaṅgha)。尊者,愿我能在世尊座下得出家(pabbajjā),得具足戒(upasampadā)。”

404. ‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, kassapa, samayaṃ rājagahe viharāmi gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tatra maṃ aññataro tapabrahmacārī nigrodho nāma adhijegucche pañhaṃ apucchi. Tassāhaṃ adhijegucche pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsiṃ. Byākate ca pana me attamano ahosi paraṃ viya mattāyā’’ti. ‘‘Ko hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā na attamano assa paraṃ viya mattāya? Ahampi hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā attamano paraṃ viya mattāya. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
405PTS 1.177缅 1.166已对照

“迦叶,凡先前为其他外道者(aññatitthiyapubba),若在此法与律中希求出家、希求具足戒,他须别住(parivāsa)四个月;四个月过后,比丘们若心已喜悦,便令他出家、授予具足戒以成为比丘。不过,我于此也知晓人的差别。”“尊者,若先前为其他外道者在此法与律中希求出家、希求具足戒,[须]别住四个月,四个月过后比丘们若心已喜悦便令其出家、授予具足戒以成为比丘——那么我愿别住四年;四年过后,愿比丘们心已喜悦,令我出家、授予具足戒以成为比丘。” 裸行者迦叶便在世尊座下得了出家,得了具足戒。具寿迦叶(āyasmā Kassapa)受具足戒后不久,独居、远离、不放逸、热忱、自励而住,不久便就在现法中自己以证智证知、成就并住于那无上的梵行终点——善男子们正是为此而正确地从家出家、成为无家者的。他证知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’而具寿迦叶也成为阿罗汉之一。第八《大狮子吼经》完。

405. ‘‘Yo kho, kassapa, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhanti pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhanti upasampadaṃ, cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi, catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu, upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti.
Alattha kho acelo kassapo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto na cirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti – abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā kassapo arahataṃ ahosīti.
Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.