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中部第45经 · 小法受经 Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ

本经目录五、《小法受经》

已对照

五、《小法受经》

5. Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ
468缅 1.380已对照

四六八、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那里,世尊呼唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘应诺世尊。世尊这样说:“诸比丘,有这四种法受(dhammasamādāna)。何为四?诸比丘,有现在乐而未来苦报的法受;诸比丘,有现在既苦而未来亦苦报的法受;诸比丘,有现在苦而未来乐报的法受;诸比丘,有现在既乐而未来亦乐报的法受。”

468. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānāni. Katamāni cattāri? Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ’’.
469PTS 1.307缅 1.382已对照

四六九、“诸比丘,什么是现在乐而未来苦报的法受呢?诸比丘,有一些沙门婆罗门这样主张、这样见解——‘诸欲中没有过患。’他们便于诸欲入于耽溺,由束发髻(moḷibaddha)的女游方者们侍奉[自己]。他们这样说——‘那些沙门婆罗门尊者们,究竟于诸欲中见到什么未来之怖畏,才说要舍断诸欲、施设诸欲之遍知(pariññā)呢?这位女游方者柔嫩、柔软、有细毛之臂的触是乐的啊。’他们便于诸欲入于耽溺。他们于诸欲入于耽溺之后,身坏命终,生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。他们在那里感受苦、剧烈、粗猛、辛辣的受。他们[这时]这样说——‘正是这个,才是那些沙门婆罗门尊者们于诸欲中所见的未来之怖畏,才说要舍断诸欲、施设诸欲之遍知;因为我们正是以欲为因、以欲为因缘,才感受这苦、剧烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’诸比丘,犹如在热季的最后一月,葛藤(māluvā)的[果]荚裂开了。诸比丘,于是那葛藤种子落在某棵娑罗树根下。诸比丘,于是住在那棵娑罗树中的天神便恐惧、震骇、生起怖畏。诸比丘,于是住在那棵娑罗树中的天神的朋友、同僚、亲族血亲,以及园林之天神、林之天神、树之天神,还有住于诸药草、诸草与诸林主[树]中的天神们,聚集会合而这样安慰[她]——‘阁下不要怕,阁下不要怕;这葛藤种子说不定会被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火烧掉,或被林中作务的人掘起,或被白蚁蛀起,又或者它本来就不是[能生的]种子呢。’诸比丘,然而那葛藤种子既没有被孔雀吞食,没有被鹿吃掉,没有被野火烧掉,没有被林中作务的人掘起,没有被白蚁蛀起,而那种子为雨季之云所浇灌,便好好地生长起来。它那葛藤之蔓柔嫩、柔软、有细毛而垂悬,便依附于那棵娑罗树。诸比丘,于是住在那棵娑罗树中的天神便有这样[的念]——‘那些朋友、同僚、亲族血亲尊者们,以及园林之天神、林之天神、树之天神,还有住于诸药草、诸草与诸林主[树]中的天神们,究竟于这葛藤种子中见到什么未来之怖畏,才聚集会合而这样安慰我——“阁下不要怕,阁下不要怕;这葛藤种子说不定会被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火烧掉,或被林中作务的人掘起,或被白蚁蛀起,又或者它本来就不是[能生的]种子呢”?这柔嫩、柔软、有细毛而垂悬的葛藤之蔓的触是乐的啊。’它便缠绕那棵娑罗树。缠绕了那棵娑罗树之后,在上面作成枝网(viṭabhi)。在上面作成枝网之后,生出密覆(oghana)。生出密覆之后,把那棵娑罗树一根一根巨大的树干都压裂了。诸比丘,于是住在那棵娑罗树中的天神便有这样[的念]——‘正是这个,才是那些朋友、同僚、亲族血亲尊者们,以及园林之天神、林之天神、树之天神,还有住于诸药草、诸草与诸林主[树]中的天神们,于这葛藤种子中所见的未来之怖畏,才聚集会合而这样安慰我——“阁下不要怕,阁下不要怕;这葛藤种子说不定会被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火烧掉,或被林中作务的人掘起,或被白蚁蛀起,又或者它本来就不是[能生的]种子呢。”而我正是以这葛藤种子为因,才感受这苦、剧烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’诸比丘,正是这样:有一些沙门婆罗门这样主张、这样见解——‘诸欲中没有过患。’他们便于诸欲入于耽溺,由束发髻的女游方者们侍奉[自己]。他们这样说——‘那些沙门婆罗门尊者们,究竟于诸欲中见到什么未来之怖畏,才说要舍断诸欲、施设诸欲之遍知呢?这位女游方者柔嫩、柔软、有细毛之臂的触是乐的啊。’他们便于诸欲入于耽溺。他们于诸欲入于耽溺之后,身坏命终,生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。他们在那里感受苦、剧烈、粗猛、辛辣的受。他们[这时]这样说——‘正是这个,才是那些沙门婆罗门尊者们于诸欲中所见的未来之怖畏,才说要舍断诸欲、施设诸欲之遍知;因为我们正是以欲为因、以欲为因缘,才感受这苦、剧烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’诸比丘,这称为现在乐而未来苦报的法受。

469. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ? Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kho moḷibaddhāhi [moḷibandhāhi (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] paribbājikāhi paricārenti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti? Sukho imissā paribbājikāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya bāhāya samphasso’ti te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Te tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti, ime hi mayaṃ kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmā’ti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṃ pacchime māse māluvāsipāṭikā phaleyya. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, māluvābījaṃ aññatarasmiṃ sālamūle nipateyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, yā tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthā devatā sā bhītā saṃviggā santāsaṃ āpajjeyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāseyyuṃ – ‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, mā bhavaṃ bhāyi; appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya [moro vā gileyya, godhā vā khādeyya (ka.)], mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho [vanadāho (ka.)] vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ [udrabheyyuṃ (sī. pī. ka.)], abījaṃ vā panassā’ti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, māluvābījaṃ neva moro gileyya, na mago khādeyya, na davaḍāho ḍaheyya, na vanakammikā uddhareyyuṃ, na upacikā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ, bījañca panassa taṃ pāvussakena meghena abhippavuṭṭhaṃ sammadeva viruheyya. Sāssa māluvālatā taruṇā mudukā lomasā vilambinī, sā taṃ sālaṃ upaniseveyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya evamassa – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā māluvābīje anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāsesuṃ [samassāseyyuṃ (ka.)] – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya, mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ, abījaṃ vā panassā’’ti; sukho imissā māluvālatāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya vilambiniyā samphasso’ti. Sā taṃ sālaṃ anuparihareyya. Sā taṃ sālaṃ anupariharitvā upari viṭabhiṃ [viṭapaṃ (syā. ṭṭha.)] kareyya. Upari viṭabhiṃ karitvā oghanaṃ janeyya. Oghanaṃ janetvā ye tassa sālassa mahantā mahantā khandhā te padāleyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya evamassa – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā māluvābīje anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāsesuṃ [samassāseyyuṃ (ka.)] – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya, mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ abījaṃ vā panassā’’ti. Yañcāhaṃ [yaṃ vāhaṃ (ka.), svāhaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)] māluvābījahetu dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmī’ti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, santi eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te moḷibaddhāhi paribbājikāhi paricārenti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti? Sukho imissā paribbājikāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya bāhāya samphasso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Te tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti. Ime hi mayaṃ kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ.
470PTS 1.308缅 1.383已对照

四七〇、“诸比丘,什么是现在既苦而未来亦苦报的法受呢?诸比丘,在此,有人是裸行者(acelaka),行为无拘,舔手[而食],[被唤]‘来吧,尊者’而不来,[被唤]‘请住,尊者’而不住,不领受特地持来的[食物],不领受特为[他]而作的[食物],不领受邀请。他不从锅口领受,不从盆口领受,不[领受]隔着门槛的、不[领受]隔着棍杖的、不[领受]隔着杵的[食物],不[领受]二人共食时[其中一人所施]的,不[领受]孕妇的,不[领受]哺乳妇的,不[领受]正与男子相处的妇人的,不[领受]募集共煮的,不[领受]有狗守候之处的,不[领受]苍蝇成群飞集之处的;不[食]鱼,不[食]肉,不饮谷酒,不[饮]花果酒,不饮糠水。他或是一家[乞食]者、一团[食]者,或是二家[乞食]者、二团[食]者……乃至……或是七家[乞食]者、七团[食]者;他以一施钵[之食]维生,以二施钵[之食]维生……以七施钵[之食]维生;他隔一日进一次食,隔二日进一次食……隔七日进一次食。他就这样住于修习乃至半月一次的定期进食(pariyāyabhattabhojana)之行。他或以菜蔬为食,或以稷米为食,或以野生稻为食,或以皮屑为食,或以水藻为食,或以米糠为食,或以锅巴为食,或以胡麻渣为食,或以草为食,或以牛粪为食;以林中的根果为食而维生,食自落之果。他也穿麻衣,也穿麻混织衣,也穿裹尸布衣,也穿粪扫衣,也穿树皮衣,也穿羚羊皮,也穿羚羊皮条衣,也穿吉祥草衣,也穿树皮纤维衣,也穿木片衣,也穿人发毯,也穿马尾毛毯,也穿枭羽衣;他是拔除须发者,住于拔除须发之行;他是常立者,拒绝座位;他是蹲踞者,住于蹲踞精勤之行;他是卧刺者,在刺床上安置卧处[参见《中部》1.155《大狮子吼经》];他住于以傍晚为第三次的入水之行——他就这样住于修习种种炙烤、逼迫身体之行。他身坏命终,生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。诸比丘,这称为现在既苦而未来亦苦报的法受。

470. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco acelako hoti muttācāro hatthāpalekhano, naehibhaddantiko, natiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ, na uddissakataṃ, na nimantanaṃ sādiyati, so na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya, na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ, na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ, na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko. Ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti. Ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti, haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. So sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti, kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti, āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti, kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti [passa ma. ni. 1.155 mahāsīhanādasutte], sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Iti evarūpaṃ anekavihitaṃ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ.
471已对照

四七一、“诸比丘,什么是现在苦而未来乐报的法受呢?诸比丘,在此,有人本性是贪炽盛者(tibbarāgajātika),他屡屡感受由贪所生的苦与忧;[有人]本性是瞋炽盛者,他屡屡感受由瞋所生的苦与忧;[有人]本性是痴炽盛者,他屡屡感受由痴所生的苦与忧。他虽带着苦、带着忧,满面流泪而哭泣,[仍]行圆满、清净的梵行。他身坏命终,生到善趣、天界。诸比丘,这称为现在苦而未来乐报的法受。

471. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā tibbadosajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā tibbamohajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. So sahāpi dukkhena, sahāpi domanassena, assumukhopi rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ.
472PTS 1.309已对照

四七二、“诸比丘,什么是现在既乐而未来亦乐报的法受呢?诸比丘,在此,有人本性不是贪炽盛者,他不屡屡感受由贪所生的苦与忧;[有人]本性不是瞋炽盛者,他不屡屡感受由瞋所生的苦与忧;[有人]本性不是痴炽盛者,他不屡屡感受由痴所生的苦与忧。他已离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅;寻、伺寂止,内洁净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜、乐,[成就并住于]第二禅……乃至……第三禅……第四禅,成就并住。他身坏命终,生到善趣、天界。诸比丘,这称为现在既乐而未来亦乐报的法受。诸比丘,这就是四种法受。”

472. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā na tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbadosajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbamohajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. So vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri dhammasamādānānī’’ti.
缅 1.384已对照

世尊说了这[话]。那些比丘心意满悦,欢喜世尊所说。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
已对照

《小法受经》终,[《小双品》中之]第五[经]。

Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.