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清净道论·六随念的解说 Chaanussatiniddeso

本经目录七、六随念的解说一、佛随念论一百四十四、而这是另一理趣。二、法随念论三、僧随念论四、戒随念论五、舍随念论六、天随念论杂论如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,于定的修习之部,名为〈六随念的解说〉的第七章[终]。

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七、六随念的解说

7. Chaanussatiniddeso
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一、佛随念论

1. Buddhānussatikathā
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一百二十三、在紧接诸不净之后所列举的十随念中,由于一再地生起,念本身就是随念(anussati);或者,由于唯在应转起之处转起,是与以信出家的良家子相称的念,故也是随念。缘于佛而生起的随念,[是]佛随念(buddhānussati),这是以佛的诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于法而生起的随念,[是]法随念(dhammānussati),这是以善说性等法的诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于僧而生起的随念,[是]僧随念(saṅghānussati),这是以善行道性等僧的诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于戒而生起的随念,[是]戒随念(sīlānussati),这是以无毁性等戒的诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于舍而生起的随念,[是]舍随念(cāgānussati),这是以施舍无所保留性等舍的诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于诸天而生起的随念,[是]天随念(devatānussati),这是立诸天为证人、以自己的信等诸德为所缘的念的增语。缘于死而生起的随念,[是]死随念(maraṇānussati),这是以命根的断绝为所缘的念的增语。到达以头发等为区分的色身,或者行于身中,故为「身至(kāyagatā)」;它是身至,又是念,[依此]本应说 kāyagatasati,[却]不作短音而说为「身至念(kāyagatāsati)」,这是以头发等身之部分的相为所缘的念的增语。缘于入出息而生起的念,[是]入出息念(ānāpānassati),这是以入息出息的相为所缘的念的增语。缘于寂止而生起的随念,[是]寂止随念(upasamānussati),这是以一切苦的寂止为所缘的念的增语。

123. Asubhānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhāsu pana dasasu anussatīsu punappunaṃ uppajjanato satiyeva anussati, pavattitabbaṭṭhānamhiyeva vā pavattattā saddhāpabbajitassa kulaputtassa anurūpā satītipi anussati, buddhaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati buddhānussati, buddhaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Dhammaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati dhammānussati, svākkhātatādidhammaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Saṅghaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati saṅghānussati, suppaṭipannatādisaṅghaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Sīlaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati sīlānussati, akhaṇḍatādisīlaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Cāgaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati cāgānussati, muttacāgatādicāgaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Devatā ārabbha uppannā anussati devatānussati, devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Maraṇaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati maraṇānussati, jīvitindriyupacchedārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Kesādibhedaṃ rūpakāyaṃ gatā, kāye vā gatāti kāyagatā, kāyagatā ca sā sati cāti kāyagatasatīti vattabbe rassaṃ akatvā kāyagatāsatīti vuttā, kesādikāyakoṭṭhāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Ānāpāne ārabbha uppannā sati ānāpānassati, assāsapassāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Upasamaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati upasamānussati, sabbadukkhūpasamārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ.
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一百二十四、如是,在这十随念中,想先修习佛随念的瑜伽者,应具足不坏净信(aveccappasāda),在适宜的坐卧处独处静坐,如是随念佛世尊的诸德:「那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上者、调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。」(《增支部》6.10)

124. Iti imāsu dasasu anussatīsu buddhānussatiṃ tāva bhāvetukāmena aveccappasādasamannāgatena yoginā patirūpasenāsane rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ buddhassa bhagavato guṇā anussaritabbā.
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此中,这是随念之法——[他]随念「那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉,亦即是正等正觉者……乃至……亦即是世尊」。所说的意思是:以此以此之因由。

Tatrāyaṃ anussaraṇanayo – so bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavāti anussarati. Iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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一百二十五、此中,由远离故、由已破诸敌与诸[轮]辐故、由堪受资具等故、由于造恶无有隐秘故——先以这些因由,[他]随念那位世尊为「阿罗汉(arahaṃ)」。因为他远离(ārakā)一切烦恼,住于极其遥远之处,由于以道摧毁了连同习气的诸烦恼——如是由远离故为阿罗汉。

125. Tattha ārakattā arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā paccayādīnaṃ arahattā pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so bhagavā arahanti anussarati. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi suvidūravidūre ṭhito maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti ārakattā arahaṃ.
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谁对何者不具足,他便名为远离于彼;

So tato ārakā nāma, yassa yenāsamaṅgitā;
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怙主不具足诸过失,因此被认为是阿罗汉。

Asamaṅgī ca dosehi, nātho tenārahaṃ matoti.
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一百二十六、而这些烦恼之敌已被他以道所破——由已破诸敌(arīnaṃ hatattā)故也为阿罗汉。

126. Te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.
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由于称为贪等的一切诸敌,

Yasmā rāgādisaṅkhātā, sabbepi arayo hatā;
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都已被怙主以慧刀所破,因此也被认为是阿罗汉。

Paññāsatthena nāthena, tasmāpi arahaṃ matoti.
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一百二十七、又,这以无明与有爱所成为毂、以福[行]等诸行为辐、以老死为辋、以诸漏之集所成的轴贯穿、连结于三有之车上、自无始时以来转起的轮回之轮——他在菩提座(bodhimaṇḍa)上,以精进之双足立于戒之大地,以信之手执持能作业尽的智之斧,破了[它的]一切辐——由已破诸辐(arānaṃ hatattā)故也为阿罗汉。

127. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhi puññādiabhisaṅkhārāraṃ jarāmaraṇanemi āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālappavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ, tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakaraṃ ñāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti arānaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.
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一百二十八、或者,「轮回之轮(saṃsāracakka)」称为无始的轮回轮转。无明是它的毂,因为是根本;老死是辋,因为是终结;其余十法是辐,因为以无明为根本、以老死为边际。此中,于苦等的无知是无明。在欲有中,无明为欲有中诸行之缘;在色有中,无明为色有中诸行之缘;在无色有中,无明为无色有中诸行之缘。在欲有中,诸行为欲有中结生识之缘;于其余[二有]也是这个方法。在欲有中,结生识为欲有中名色之缘;在色有中也是如此。在无色有中,[结生识]唯为名之缘。在欲有中,名色为欲有中六处之缘;在色有中,名色为色有中三处之缘;在无色有中,名为无色有中一处之缘。在欲有中,六处为欲有中六种触之缘;在色有中,三处为色有中三种触之缘;在无色有中,一处为无色有中一种触之缘。在欲有中,六触为欲有中六受之缘;在色有中,三触为同处三[受]之缘;在无色有中,一[触]为同处一受之缘。在欲有中,六受为欲有中六爱身之缘;在色有中,三[受]为同处三[爱身]之缘;在无色有中,一受为无色有中一爱身之缘。在各处,各各的爱为各各取之缘,取等为有等之缘。

128. Atha vā saṃsāracakkanti anamataggaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ vuccati. Tassa ca avijjā nābhi, mūlattā. Jarāmaraṇaṃ nemi, pariyosānattā. Sesā dasa dhammā arā, avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā ca, tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ avijjā. Kāmabhave ca avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, rūpabhave avijjā rūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave avijjā arūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saṅkhārā kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇassa paccayā honti, esa nayo itaresu. Kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ kāmabhave nāmarūpassa paccayo hoti, tathā rūpabhave. Arūpabhave nāmasseva paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave nāmarūpaṃ kāmabhave saḷāyatanassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave nāmarūpaṃ rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ āyatanānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave nāmaṃ arūpabhave ekassa āyatanassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saḷāyatanaṃ kāmabhave chabbidhassa phassassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave tīṇi āyatanāni rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ phassānaṃ paccayā honti, arūpabhave ekaṃ āyatanaṃ arūpabhave ekassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha phassā kāmabhave channaṃ vedanānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tayo phassā tattheva tissannaṃ, arūpabhave eko tattheva ekissā vedanāya paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha vedanā kāmabhave channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tisso tattheva tiṇṇaṃ, arūpabhave ekā vedanā arūpabhave ekassa taṇhākāyassa paccayo hoti. Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā tassa tassa upādānassa, upādānādayo bhavādīnaṃ.
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怎样呢?在此,有人[想]:「我将受用诸欲。」便以欲取(kāmupādāna)为缘,以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行;由恶行的圆满,生于苦界。此中,作为他受生之因的业是业有,由业所生的诸蕴是生有,诸蕴的生起是生,成熟是老,坏散是死。

Kathaṃ? Idhekacco kāme paribhuñjissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati, duccaritapāripūriyā apāye upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇaṃ.
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另一人[想]:「我将享受天界的成就。」便同样行善行;由善行的圆满,生于天界。此中,作为他受生之因的业是业有——[以下]即是这同一方法。

Aparo saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva sucaritaṃ carati, sucaritapāripūriyā sagge upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.
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又另一人[想]:「我将享受梵天界的成就。」便正以欲取为缘修习慈,修习悲、喜、舍;由修习的圆满,生于梵天界。此中,作为他生起之因的业是业有——[以下]即是这同一方法。

Aparo pana brahmalokasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayāeva mettaṃ bhāveti, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā brahmaloke nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.
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另一人[想]:「我将享受无色有中的成就。」便同样修习空无边处等诸等至;由修习的圆满,生于各各[无色有]中。此中,作为他生起之因的业是业有,由业所生的诸蕴是生有,诸蕴的生起是生,成熟是老,坏散是死。在以其余诸取为根本的配释中,也是这个方法。

Aparo arūpabhave sampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva ākāsānañcāyatanādisamāpattiyo bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā tattha tattha nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇanti. Esa nayo sesupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu.
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如是,无明是因,诸行是因所生,这二者都是因所生——于缘摄受(paccayapariggaha)的慧是法住智(dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa)。于过去时也好,于未来时也好,无明是因,诸行是因所生,这二者都是因所生——于缘摄受的慧是法住智——应依这同一方法详说一切句。

Evaṃ ayaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ. Atītampi addhānaṃ anāgatampi addhānaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti eteneva nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni.
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此中,无明、行是一略摄,识、名色、六处、触、受是一[略摄],爱、取、有是一[略摄],生、老死是一[略摄]。此中,前略摄是过去时,中间两个是现在,生、老死是未来。此中,由取无明、行,爱、取、有也就已被取了,故这五法是过去的业轮转(kammavaṭṭa);识等五[法]是现在的异熟轮转(vipākavaṭṭa);由取爱、取、有,无明、行也就已被取了,故这五法是现在的业轮转;由以生、老死之名指示了识等,故这五法是未来的异熟轮转。它们依行相而有二十种。此中,在行与识之间是一连结,在受与爱之间是一[连结],在有与生之间是一[连结]——如是,世尊以一切行相知、见、了知、通达这具四略摄(catusaṅkhepa)、三时(tiyaddha)、二十行相(vīsatākāra)、三连结(tisandhi)的缘起。那[知]依已知之义是智,依了知之义是慧,因此说:「于缘摄受的慧是法住智。」世尊以这法住智如实地知了那些法之后,于它们厌离、离贪、解脱,便破、坏、摧毁了前述这轮回之轮的诸辐。如是由已破诸辐故也为阿罗汉。

Tattha avijjāsaṅkhārā eko saṅkhepo, viññāṇanāmarūpasaḷāyatanaphassavedanā eko, taṇhupādānabhavā eko, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ eko. Purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā, dve majjhimā paccuppanno, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāgato. Avijjāsaṅkhāraggahaṇena cettha taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭaṃ, viññāṇādayo pañca etarahi vipākavaṭṭaṃ, taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā etarahi kammavaṭṭaṃ, jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā ime pañca dhammā āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Te ākārato vīsatividhā honti. Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhi, vedanātaṇhānamantarā eko, bhavajātīnamantarā ekoti, iti bhagavā etaṃ catusaṅkhepaṃ tiyaddhaṃ vīsatākāraṃ tisandhiṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati aññāti paṭivijjhati. Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti. Iminā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇena bhagavā te dhamme yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā tesu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto vuttappakārassa imassa saṃsāracakkassa are hani vihani viddhaṃsesi. Evampi arānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ.
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由于轮回之轮的诸辐,已被[他]以智剑所破;

Arā saṃsāracakkassa, hatā ñāṇāsinā yato;
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因此这位世间怙主,被称为阿罗汉。

Lokanāthena tenesa, arahanti pavuccati.
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一百二十九、又由于是最上应施者(aggadakkhiṇeyya),[他]堪受衣等资具与殊胜的供养。正因如此,如来出现时,凡有大威势的天与人,都不在别处作供养。因为娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以须弥山(Sineru)那么大的宝鬘供养了如来;其他诸天与人——频婆娑罗王(Bimbisāra)、憍萨罗王等——也随力[供养]。甚至世尊般涅槃之后,阿育大王(Asoka)也为世尊舍出九十六俱胝财,在全阎浮提(Jambudīpa)建立了八万四千座寺。至于其他的殊胜供养,更何待言!——由堪受资具等故也为阿罗汉。

殊胜的供养连同诸资具,

由于这位世间怙主都堪受;

与义相符的「阿罗汉」于世间,

因此胜者堪受这个名号。

129. Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā ca cīvarādipaccaye arahati pūjāvisesañca. Teneva ca uppanne tathāgate yekeci mahesakkhā devamanussā, na te aññattha pūjaṃ karonti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi. Yathābalañca aññe devā manussā ca bimbisārakosalarājādayo. Parinibbutampi ca bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi. Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesānanti paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ.
Pūjāvisesaṃ saha paccayehi,
Yasmā ayaṃ arahati lokanātho;
Atthānurūpaṃ arahanti loke,
Tasmā jino arahati nāmametaṃ.
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一百三十、又如世间有些自以为智者的愚人,怕恶名而在隐秘处作恶,这位[世尊]却从来不这样作——由于造恶无有隐秘故也为阿罗汉。

由于如是者于诸恶业,没有所谓的隐秘;

由于无有隐秘,因此他以「阿罗汉」著称。

如是,从一切方面——

由远离、又由已破烦恼诸敌,那位牟尼;

已破轮回之轮的诸辐,又堪受资具等;

不在隐秘处作诸恶,因此称为阿罗汉。

130. Yathā ca loke yekeci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti, evamesa na kadāci karotīti pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ.
Yasmā natthi raho nāma, pāpakammesu tādino;
Rahābhāvena tenesa, arahaṃ iti vissuto.
Evaṃ sabbathāpi –
Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni;
Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho;
Na raho karoti pāpāni, arahaṃ tena vuccatīti.
131已对照

一百三十一、又由正确地、自己觉悟一切法,故为正等正觉者。因为他正确地、自己觉悟了一切法:于应证知之法,觉悟为应证知;于应遍知之法,[觉悟]为应遍知;于应舍断之法,[觉悟]为应舍断;于应作证之法,[觉悟]为应作证;于应修习之法,[觉悟]为应修习。正因如此,他说——

131. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho. Tathāhi esa sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, abhiññeyye dhamme abhiññeyyato buddho, pariññeyye dhamme pariññeyyato, pahātabbe dhamme pahātabbato, sacchikātabbe dhamme sacchikātabbato, bhāvetabbe dhamme bhāvetabbato. Teneva cāha –
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「应证知的我已证知,应修习的我已修习,

Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;
已对照

应舍断的我已舍断,因此,婆罗门,我是佛陀。」(《中部》2.399;《经集》563)

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇāti. (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 563);
132缅 1.196已对照

一百三十二、此外,眼是苦谛;作为它的根本原因而令其生起的先前的渴爱是集谛;二者的不转起是灭谛;了知灭的行道是道谛——如是也以逐一提出各句[的方式],正确地、自己觉悟一切法。于耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是这个方法。依这同一方法,应配上:色等六处,眼识等六识身,眼触等六触,眼触所生[受]等六受,色想等六想,色思等六思,色爱等六爱身,色寻等六寻,色伺等六伺,色蕴等五蕴,十遍,十随念,依膨胀想等的十想,头发等三十二行相,十二处,十八界,欲有等九有,初[禅]等四禅,慈的修习等四无量,四无色等至,逆次第的老死等、顺次第的无明等诸缘起支。

132. Apica cakkhuṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evaṃ ekekapaduddhārenāpi sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, esa nayo sotaghānajivhākāyamanesu. Eteneva nayena rūpādīni cha āyatanāni, cakkhuviññāṇādayo chaviññāṇakāyā, cakkhusamphassādayo cha phassā, cakkhusamphassajādayo cha vedanā, rūpasaññādayo cha saññā, rūpasañcetanādayo cha cetanā, rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā, rūpavitakkādayo cha vitakkā, rūpavicārādayo cha vicārā, rūpakkhandhādayo pañcakkhandhā, dasa kasiṇāni, dasa anussatiyo, uddhumātakasaññādivasena dasa saññā, kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, kāmabhavādayo nava bhavā, paṭhamādīni cattāri jhānāni, mettābhāvanādayo catasso appamaññā, catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, paṭilomato jarāmaraṇādīni, anulomato avijjādīni paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca yojetabbāni.
已对照

此中,这是逐一句的配合:老死是苦谛,生是集谛,二者的出离是灭谛,了知灭的行道是道谛——如是以逐一提出各句[的方式],正确地、自己觉悟、随觉悟、通觉悟一切法。因此说:「又由正确地、自己觉悟一切法,故为正等正觉者。」

Tatrāyaṃ ekapadayojanā, jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, jāti samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnampi nissaraṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evamekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho anubuddho paṭibuddho. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho’’ti.
133已对照

一百三十三、又由具足诸明与行,故为明行具足。此中,「明」者:即三明,也[即]八明。三明应依《怖骇经》(Bhayabheravasutta)(《中部》1.52 等)中所说的方法而知,八[明]依《阿摩昼经》(Ambaṭṭhasutta)(《长部》1.278 等)。因为在那里,是以观智与意所成神通一起,摄取六神通而说八明的。「行」者:应知是这十五法——戒律仪、守护诸根门、于食知量、致力于警寤、七正法、四色界禅。因为正是这十五法,由于圣弟子以它们而行、而去往不死之方,故说为「行」。即如所说:「摩诃那摩(Mahānāma),在此,圣弟子是持戒者」(《中部》2.24)——一切应依《中分五十经》(Majjhimapaṇṇāsa)中所说的方法而知。世尊具足这些明与这行,因此称为「明行具足」。

133. Vijjāhi pana caraṇena ca sampannattā vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tattha vijjāti tissopi vijjā aṭṭhapi vijjā. Tisso vijjā bhayabheravasutte (ma. ni. 1.52 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā, aṭṭha ambaṭṭhasutte (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo). Tatra hi vipassanāñāṇena manomayiddhiyā ca saha cha abhiññā pariggahetvā aṭṭha vijjā vuttā. Caraṇanti sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānānīti ime pannarasa dhammā veditabbā. Imeyeva hi pannarasa dhammā yasmā etehi carati ariyasāvako gacchati amataṃ disaṃ, tasmā caraṇanti vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.24) sabbaṃ majjhimapaṇṇāsake vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Bhagavā imāhi vijjāhi iminā ca caraṇena samannāgato. Tena vuccati vijjācaraṇasampannoti.
缅 1.197已对照

此中,世尊的明具足是圆满了一切知性而住立的,行具足是[圆满了]大悲者之性[而住立的]。他以一切知性知道一切众生的利益与不利益,以大悲者之性令[他们]避开不利益而致力于利益——正如明行具足者[所当为]的那样。因此,他的弟子们是善行道者,不是恶行道者,[不]如明行缺失者的弟子——自苦者等那样。

Tattha vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā. Caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ. So sabbaññutāya sabbasattānaṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvā mahākāruṇikatāya anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojeti. Yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tenassa sāvakā suppaṭipannā honti, no duppaṭipannā vijjācaraṇavipannānaṃ sāvakā attantapādayo viya.
134缅 1.198已对照

一百三十四、由行善美故、由去往美好之处故、由正确地去故、由正确地说故,为善逝。因为「行(gamana)」也称为「去(gata)」,而世尊的那[行]是善美的、遍净的、无过失的。那它是什么呢?是圣道。因为他以那行无所滞碍地去往安稳之方——由行善美故为善逝。又他已去往美好之处——不死的涅槃,由去往美好之处故也为善逝。又他已正确地去,不再返回以各各道所断的诸烦恼。因为这已被说过:「凡以须陀洹道所断的诸烦恼,他不再回到、不再返回、不再复来于那些烦恼,故为『善逝』……乃至……凡以阿罗汉道所断的诸烦恼,他不再回到、不再返回、不再复来于那些烦恼,故为『善逝』。」或者,他从燃灯[佛](Dīpaṅkara)足下起直到菩提座,以圆满三十波罗蜜的正行道,唯作一切世间的利益与安乐,不趣近常、断、欲乐、自我折磨这些边而去——由正确地去故也为善逝。又他正确地说,[即]在适当之处只说适当之语——由正确地说故也为善逝。此中,这是佐证之经:「如来知道那是不真实、不如实、无义利的语,且那对他人是不可爱、不可意的,如来不说那语。如来知道那虽是真实、如实,却是无义利的语,且那对他人是不可爱、不可意的,如来也不说那语。而如来知道那是真实、如实、有义利的语,且那对他人是不可爱、不可意的,对此如来是知时的,以说那语。如来知道那是不真实、不如实、无义利的语,且那对他人是可爱、可意的,如来不说那语。如来知道那虽是真实、如实,却是无义利的语,且那对他人是可爱、可意的,如来也不说那语。而如来知道那是真实、如实、有义利的语,且那对他人是可爱、可意的,对此如来是知时的,以说那语。」(《中部》2.86)如是应知由正确地说故也为善逝。

134. Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā ca gadattā sugato. Gamanampi hi gatanti vuccati. Tañca bhagavato sobhanaṃ parisuddhamanavajjaṃ. Kiṃ pana tanti? Ariyamaggo. Tena hesa gamanena khemaṃ disaṃ asajjamāno gatoti sobhanagamanattā sugato. Sundarañcesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbānanti sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattāpi sugato. Sammā ca gato tena tena maggena pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato…pe… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’ti, sammā vā gato dīpaṅkarapādamūlato pabhuti yāva bodhimaṇḍā tāva samatiṃsapāramīpūrikāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karonto sassataṃ, ucchedaṃ, kāmasukhaṃ, attakilamathanti ime ca ante anupagacchanto gatoti sammā gatattāpi sugato. Sammā cesa gadati yuttaṭṭhāne yuttameva vācaṃ bhāsatīti sammā gadattāpi sugato. Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.86). Evaṃ sammā gadattāpi sugatoti veditabbo.
135已对照

一百三十五、又由以一切方式已知世间,故为世间解。因为那位世尊依自性、依集、依灭、依灭之方便,以一切方式知、了知、通达了世间。即如所说:「贤友,在那不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生之处,我不说那世间之边可由行走而知、而见、而到达;贤友,我也不说未到达世间之边而有苦的终结。贤友,而我正是在这一寻之量的、有想有意的身躯中,施设世间,也施设世间之集,也施设世间之灭,也施设导至世间之灭之道。

世间之边无论何时,都不能由行走到达;

而未到达世间之边,便没有从苦的解脱。

因此确实,那世间解、善慧者,

到达世间之边、梵行已立者;

了知世间之边的寂止者,

不盼望此世间与他世。」(《相应部》1.107;《增支部》4.45)

135. Sabbathāpi viditalokattā pana lokavidū. So hi bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Yathāha – ‘‘yattha kho, āvuso, na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ daṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmi, na cāhaṃ, āvuso, apatvāva lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Api cāhaṃ, āvuso, imasmiññeva byāmamatte kaḷevare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññapemi lokasamudayañca lokanirodhañca lokanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ.
Gamanena na pattabbo, lokassanto kudācanaṃ;
Na ca apatvā lokantaṃ, dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ.
Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho,
Lokantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo;
Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā,
Nāsīsati lokamimaṃ parañcāti. (saṃ. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.45);
136已对照

一百三十六、此外,有三种世间:行世间、众生世间、空间世间。此中,在「一种世间——一切众生依食而住」(《无碍解道》1.112)出现之处,应知是行世间。在「世间是常」或「世间是无常」(《长部》1.421)出现之处,是众生世间。

136. Apica tayo lokā saṅkhāraloko sattaloko okāsalokoti. Tattha eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikāti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo. Sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vāti (dī. ni. 1.421) āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko.
已对照

「日月运行所及之处,诸方光耀而照明,

Yāvatā candimasūriyā pariharanti, disā bhanti virocamānā;
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那样大[的范围]便有千个世界,你的权势正通行于此中。」(《中部》1.503)——

Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattatī vasoti. (ma. ni. 1.503) –
缅 1.199已对照

[在这样]出现之处,是空间世间。那[三种世间]世尊也以一切方式知了。因为如是:「一种世间——一切众生依食而住。二种世间——名与色。三种世间——三受。四种世间——四食。五种世间——五取蕴。六种世间——六内处。七种世间——七识住。八种世间——八世间法。九种世间——九众生居。十种世间——十处。十二种世间——十二处。十八种世间——十八界。」(《无碍解道》1.112)——这行世间也已被他以一切方式知了。

Āgataṭṭhāne okāsaloko. Tampi bhagavā sabbathā avedi. Tathā hissa ‘‘eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā nava sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā dvādasāyatanāni. Aṭṭhārasa lokā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito.
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又由于他知道一切众生的意乐,知道随眠,知道性行,知道胜解,知道少尘垢者、多尘垢者,利根者、钝根者,善行相者、恶行相者,易教者、难教者,堪能者、不堪能者,因此,众生世间也已被他以一切方式知了。

Yasmā panesa sabbesampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe, tikkhindriye mudindriye, svākāre dvākāre, suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, bhabbe abhabbe satte jānāti. Tasmāssa sattalokopi sabbathā vidito.
137缅 1.200已对照

一百三十七、正如众生世间,空间世间也是如此。因为如是,这一轮围界(cakkavāḷa)长与宽为一百二十万三千四百五十由旬。而其周围——

整个周圆为三百六十万,

又一万零三百五十[由旬]。

此中——

二十万又四万[由旬],

这大地的厚度被说为这么多。

承载它的——

四十万又八万[由旬],

住立于风上的水,厚度这么多。

承载那[水]的——

九十万[由旬]的风,向空中升起,

又六万[由旬]——这是世间的安立。

如是安立时,此中[以]由旬[计]——

八万四千[由旬],深入于大海中;

也同样高耸,[那是]最上之山须弥。

从那[须弥]起,依次以各减半之量,

深入[大海]又高耸,神妙而以种种宝为饰——

持双山(Yugandhara)、伊沙陀罗山(Īsadhara)、迦罗毗迦山(Karavīka)、善见山(Sudassana),

尼民陀罗山(Nemindhara)、毘那多迦山(Vinataka),以及巍峨的马耳山(Assakaṇṇa)。

这七座大山,环绕在须弥山四周,

是诸大王的居处,为天与夜叉所常往。

雪山(Himavā)高五百由旬,

长与宽三千由旬,

以八万四千峰为庄严。

那称为「树」者,树干周围十五由旬,

树干[高]与四周枝长五十由旬,

广一百由旬,高也那么多——

[那就是]阎浮树,以它的威势,阎浮提得以显名。

而这阎浮[树]的量,也就是阿修罗们的杂色波咤梨树(citrapāṭali)、金翅鸟们的木棉树(simbalirukkha)、瞿耶尼洲(Aparagoyāna)的迦昙婆树(kadamba)、北俱卢洲(Uttarakuru)的如意树(kapparukkha)、东胜身洲(Pubbavideha)的西利萨树(sirīsa)、三十三天(Tāvatiṃsa)的昼度树(pāricchattaka)的[量]。因此古师们说——

「波咤梨、木棉、阎浮,诸天的昼度树,

迦昙婆与如意树,西利萨是第七。」

「八万二千[由旬],深入于大海中;

轮围山也同样高耸,

环绕那世界所成的一切而住立。」

此中,月轮四十九由旬,日轮五十由旬。三十三天宫一万由旬;阿修罗宫、无间大地狱(avīcimahāniraya)与阎浮提也是如此。瞿耶尼洲七千由旬,东胜身洲也是如此。北俱卢洲八千由旬。而此中每一大洲各以五百小洲为眷属。这一切合为一轮围界、一世界。在它们之间有世界间地狱(lokantarikaniraya)。

如是,无边的轮围界、无边的世界,世尊以无边的佛智知、了知、通达了。如是,空间世间也已被他以一切方式知了。如是也由以一切方式已知世间,故为世间解。

137. Yathā ca sattaloko, evaṃ okāsalokopi. Tathā hesa ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasasatasahassāni catutiṃsasatāni ca paññāsañca yojanāni. Parikkhepato pana –
Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsaparimaṇḍalaṃ;
Dasa ceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni ca.
Tattha –
Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.
Tassāyeva sandhārakaṃ –
Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.
Tassāpi sandhārako –
Nava satasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato;
Saṭṭhiñceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti.
Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ –
Caturāsīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, sineru pabbatuttamo.
Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ;
Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.
Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano;
Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo giri brahā.
Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato;
Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.
Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato;
Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato.
Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito;
Tipañcayojanakkhandha-parikkhepā nagavhayā.
Paññāsayojanakkhandha-sākhāyāmā samantato;
Satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā;
Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito.
Yañcetaṃ jambuyā pamāṇaṃ, etadeva asurānaṃ citrapāṭaliyā, garuḷānaṃ simbalirukkhassa, aparagoyāne kadambassa, uttarakurūsu kapparukkhassa, pubbavidehe sirīsassa, tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakassāti. Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Pāṭalī simbalī jambū, devānaṃ pāricchattako;
Kadambo kapparukkho ca, sirīsena bhavati sattamanti.
‘‘Dveasīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo;
Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito’’ti.
Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ. Sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ. Tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā asurabhavanaṃ avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā pubbavidehaṃ. Uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojanaṃ. Ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro. Taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ ekā lokadhātu. Tadantaresu lokantarikanirayā.
Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito. Evampi sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū.
138已对照

一百三十八、又由于没有任何以诸德比自己更殊胜者,没有比他更上者,故为无上者。因为如是,他以戒德胜过整个世间,也以定、慧、解脱、解脱知见之德[胜过]。以戒德也是无等、无等等、无比、无对、无对手之人……乃至……以解脱知见之德也[是]。即如所说:「我不见在有诸天、有魔……乃至……有诸天与人的人众中,有比我自己更具足戒者」——详说[如经]。如是,应详说《最上净信经》(Aggappasādasutta)等(《增支部》4.34;《如是语》90),以及「我无有师」等偈(《中部》1.285;《大品》11)。

138. Attanā pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvato natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro. Tathā hesa sīlaguṇenāpi sabbaṃ lokamabhibhavati, samādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Sīlaguṇenāpi asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Yathāha – ‘‘na kho panāhaṃ samanupassāmi sadevake loke samārake…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya attanā sīlasampannatara’’nti vitthāro. Evaṃ aggapasādasuttādīni (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘na me ācariyo atthī’’tiādikā (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) gāthāyo ca vitthāretabbā.
139缅 1.202已对照

一百三十九、驾御(sāreti)应调御的丈夫,故为调御丈夫(purisadammasārathi);所说的意思是:调伏、调教。此中,「应调御的丈夫(purisadammā)」者:即未调伏而堪受调伏的畜生之丈夫、人之丈夫、非人之丈夫。因为如是,畜生之丈夫——阿波罗罗龙王(Apalāla)、小腹[龙王](Cūḷodara)、大腹[龙王](Mahodara)、火顶[龙王](Aggisikha)、烟顶[龙王](Dhūmasikha)、阿罗婆罗龙王(Aravāḷa)、护财象(Dhanapālaka)等——被世尊调伏,令[他们]无毒,安立于诸皈依与诸戒;人之丈夫——尼乾子萨遮迦(Saccaka Nigaṇṭhaputta)、阿摩昼青年(Ambaṭṭha māṇava)、沸伽罗娑罗(Pokkharasāti)、种德(Soṇadanta)、究罗檀头(Kūṭadanta)等,非人之丈夫——阿罗婆迦夜叉(Āḷavaka)、针毛夜叉(Sūciloma)、粗毛夜叉(Kharaloma)、天王帝释等,也以种种调教的方便被调伏、被调教了。「计尸(Kesi),我以柔和调教应调御的丈夫,也以粗暴调教,也以柔和与粗暴调教」(《增支部》4.11)——此处应详说这部经。

又,世尊对戒清净等[人]说初禅等,对须陀洹等[人说]更上的道之行道,[如是]对已调伏者也仍在调伏。

或者,「无上调御丈夫(anuttaro purisadammasārathi)」——这是一个义句。因为世尊如是驾御应调御的丈夫,使他们仅以一次结跏趺而坐,便无所滞碍地奔驰于八方。因此称为「无上调御丈夫」。「诸比丘,被调象师驾御的应调之象,只奔驰于一方」——此处应详说这部经(《中部》3.312)。

139. Purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathi. Dameti vinetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha purisadammāti adantā dametuṃ yuttā tiracchānapurisāpi manussapurisāpi amanussapurisāpi. Tathā hi bhagavatā tiracchānapurisāpi apalālo nāgarājā, cūḷodaro, mahodaro, aggisikho, dhūmasikho, aravāḷo nāgarājā, dhanapālako hatthīti evamādayo damitā nibbisā katā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā, manussapurisāpi saccakanigaṇṭhaputtaambaṭṭhamāṇavapokkharasāti soṇadantakūṭadantādayo, amanussapurisāpi āḷavakasūcilomakharalomayakkhasakkadevarājādayo damitā vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadamme saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemī’’ti (a. ni. 4.11) idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.
Apica bhagavā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttari maggapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyeva.
Atha vā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ. Bhagavā hi tathā purisadamme sāreti, yathā ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā aṭṭha disā asajjamānā dhāvanti. Tasmā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti vuccati. ‘‘Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī’’ti idañcettha suttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.312) vitthāretabbaṃ.
140已对照

一百四十、以现法的、来世的、第一义的[义利]随其所应而教诫,故为导师(satthā)。此外,如同商旅的领队,故为导师——世尊即是商队主。犹如商队主令诸商旅渡过旷野——令渡过盗贼旷野、令渡过猛兽旷野、令渡过饥馑旷野、令渡过无水旷野,令越渡、令出渡、令达彼岸,令到达安稳之地;同样,世尊导师、商队主令众生渡过旷野,令渡过生之旷野——此中之义也应依这样等等的《义释》之法而知。「天人(devamanussānaṃ)」者:即诸天与诸人的。这是依最上的界定、依堪能之人的界定而说的。而世尊对于生于畜生者,也以给予教诫而正是导师。因为他们由于从世尊听闻法而得亲依止的具足,正以那亲依止的具足,在第二或第三个自体中成为有分于道与果者。此中,蛙天子(Maṇḍūkadevaputta)等是例证。

140. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Apica satthā viyāti satthā, bhagavā satthavāho. Yathā satthavāho satthe kantāraṃ tāreti corakantāraṃ tāreti vāḷakantāraṃ tāreti dubbhikkhakantāraṃ tāreti nirudakakantāraṃ tāreti uttāreti nittāreti patāreti khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpeti, evameva bhagavā satthā satthavāho satte kantāraṃ tāreti, jātikantāraṃ tāretītiādinā niddesanayenapettha attho veditabbo. Devamanussānanti devānañca manussānañca. Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena, bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasena cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhagavā pana tiracchānagatānampi anusāsanippadānena satthāyeva. Tepi hi bhagavato dhammassavanena upanissayasampattiṃ patvā tāya eva upanissayasampattiyā dutiye vā tatiye vā attabhāve maggaphalabhāgino honti. Maṇḍūkadevaputtādayo cettha nidassanaṃ.
已对照

相传,世尊在伽伽罗莲池(Gaggarā pokkharaṇī)岸边为瞻波城(Campā)的居民说法时,有一只蛙在世尊的音声上取了相。一个牧犊人倚着杖站立,把[杖]压在它的头上而站着。它当即命终,生于三十三天宫中十二由旬的金宫殿。如睡醒一般,他在那里见到自己被天女众围绕,转向[思惟]:「啊!连我也生在这里了!我究竟作了什么业呢?」除了在世尊音声上取相之外,没有见到其他任何[业]。他当即连同宫殿前来,以头礼敬世尊双足。世尊虽然知道,仍问[他]——

Bhagavati kira gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre campānagaravāsīnaṃ dhammaṃ desiyamāne eko maṇḍūko bhagavato sare nimittaṃ aggahesi, taṃ eko vacchapālako daṇḍaṃ olubbha tiṭṭhanto sīse sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsi. So tāvadeva kālaṅkatvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti. Suttappabuddho viya ca tattha accharāsaṅghaparivutaṃ attānaṃ disvā ‘‘are ahampi nāma idha nibbatto, kiṃ nu kho kammamakāsi’’nti āvajjento na aññaṃ kiñci addasa aññatra bhagavato sare nimittaggāhā. So tāvadeva saha vimānena āgantvā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandi. Bhagavā jānantova pucchi –
已对照

「谁以神通、以名声光耀,礼敬我的双足;

‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;
已对照

以殊胜的容色,照亮一切方?」

Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti.
缅 1.203已对照

「我从前是蛙,在水中,以水为行处;

Maṇḍūkohaṃ pure āsiṃ, udake vārigocaro;
已对照

当我听闻你的法时,牧犊人杀死了[我]。」

Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa, avadhi vacchapālakoti.
已对照

世尊为他说法。八万四千众生有了法的现观。天子也安住于须陀洹果,微笑而去。

Bhagavā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Devaputtopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya sitaṃ katvā pakkamīti.
141已对照

一百四十一、又由于凡所有名为所知者,他都已觉悟了一切,依解脱终[所得]的智(vimokkhantikañāṇa),故为佛陀(buddha)。或者,由于他自己觉悟了四谛,也令其他众生觉悟,故依这样等等的因由也为佛陀。为令了知这一义,应详说如是转起的全部《义释》之法:「觉悟诸谛,故为佛陀;令人众觉悟,故为佛陀」(《大义释》192),或《无碍解道》之法(《无碍解道》1.162)。

141. Yaṃ pana kiñci atthi ñeyyaṃ nāma, sabbasseva buddhattā vimokkhantikaññāṇavasena buddho. Yasmā vā cattāri saccāni attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesi, tasmā evamādīhipi kāraṇehi buddho. Imassa ca panatthassa viññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho. Bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’ti evaṃ pavatto sabbopi niddesanayo (mahāni. 192) paṭisambhidānayo (paṭi. ma. 1.162) vā vitthāretabbo.
142已对照

一百四十二、又「世尊(bhagavā)」这[语],是对他——以诸德殊胜、一切众生中最上的尊重者——的恭敬之增语。因此古师们说——

142. Bhagavāti idaṃ panassa guṇavisiṭṭhasabbasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –
已对照

「『世尊』一语为最胜,『世尊』一语为最上;

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;
已对照

他是尊重者、具足恭敬,因此称为世尊。」

Garugāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
已对照

或者,名有四种:时位的(āvatthika)、标记的(liṅgika)、因由的(nemittika)、偶然生起的(adhiccasamuppanna)。「偶然生起的」,依世间言说,所说的意思是随意的。此中,「犊、可调[牛]、负重牛」等是时位的;「持杖者、持伞者、有髻者、有手者[即象]」等是标记的;「三明者、六神通者」等是因由的;「吉祥增长、财富增长」等不顾语义而转起的,是偶然生起的。而「世尊」这名是因由的,不是由摩诃摩耶(Mahāmāyā)、不是由净饭大王(Suddhodana)、不是由八万亲族所作,也不是由帝释、删兜率陀(Santusita)等殊胜的天神所作。这也已由法将(dhammasenāpati)说过:「『世尊』这一名号不是母亲所作……乃至……这是诸佛世尊在菩提树下与一切知智的获得同时[有]的、解脱终[所得]的、现证的施设,即『世尊』。」(《大义释》84)

Catubbidhaṃ vā nāmaṃ āvatthikaṃ liṅgikaṃ nemittikaṃ adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma lokiyavohārena yadicchakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha vaccho dammo balībaddoti evamādi āvatthikaṃ. Daṇḍī chattī sikhī karīti evamādi liṅgikaṃ. Tevijjo chaḷabhiññoti evamādi nemittikaṃ. Sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhakoti evamādi vacanatthaṃ anapekkhitvā pavattaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Idaṃ pana bhagavāti nāmaṃ nemittikaṃ, na mahāmāyāya, na suddhodanamahārājena, na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi. Vuttampi cetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).
143缅 1.204已对照

一百四十三、而这名以哪些德为因由,为显明那些德,说了这首偈——

「有福分者、亲近者、有分者、已分别者,

作了破除、是尊重者、具吉祥者;

以众多方法善修自身者,

到达诸有之终者——他被称为世尊。」——

此中,那各各语句的义,应依《义释》(《大义释》84)中所说的方法而见。

143. Yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –
‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgi vibhattavā iti,
Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;
Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,
Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti. –
Niddese (mahāni. 84) vuttanayeneva cettha tesaṃ tesaṃ padānaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo.
144缅 1.205已对照

一百四十四、而这是另一理趣。

具吉祥者、已破者、与诸福分相应者,以及已分别者;

已亲近者、于诸有中已吐弃趣行者——因此[他]是世尊。

此中,应知:取「增字、换字」等语源之相,或依文法之理取「归入 pisodara 等[词]」之相,由于他有能生世间与出世间之乐的、已到达究竟的布施、戒等吉祥(bhāgya),因此本应说「具吉祥者(bhāgyavā)」,而称为「世尊(bhagavā)」。

又由于他破除了无惭、无愧、忿、恨、覆蔑、攀齐、嫉、悭、诳、谄、顽固、激愤、慢、过慢、憍、放逸、渴爱、无明,三种不善根、恶行、杂染、垢、不平、想、寻、妄衍,四种颠倒、漏、系、暴流、轭、不应行处、渴爱之生起、取,五种心荒芜、心缚、盖、欢喜,六种诤根、爱身,七随眠,八邪性,九种以渴爱为根的[法],十不善业道,六十二见执,一百零八渴爱行等诸类别——造成一切焦虑与热恼的数十万烦恼;或者,简略而言,破除了五魔:烦恼魔、蕴魔、行魔、天子魔、死魔。因此,由于已破这些危难,本应说「已破者(bhaggavā)」,而称为「世尊」。在此也说——

「已破贪,已破瞋,已破痴,无漏者;

他的诸恶法已破,因此称为世尊。」

又由「具吉祥」显示了他持百福相的色身之具足;由「已破过失」[显示了]法身之具足。同样,[也显示了]为世俗者与审察者所尊重,为在家者与出家者所亲近,有能力为亲近他的那些人除去身与心的苦,以财施与法施作饶益,以及能以世间与出世间的乐与[他们]相连结。

又由于世间上「bhaga」一语用于自在、法、名誉、荣美、所欲、勤勉六法;而他有对自心的最上自在,或世间所认可的、一切方面圆满的微细、轻举等[自在];同样[有]出世间之法;[有]遍及三界、由如实之德而得的、极为遍净的名誉;[有]能使专注于见[其]色身之人生起眼目之净信的、一切方面圆满的一切大小肢节之荣美;凡他所欲、所希求的——自利或利他——由于那各各[事]都如是成就,[有]称为成就所欲之义的所欲;[有]作为到达为一切世间所尊重之因的、称为正精进的勤勉——因此,也由于与这些福分(bhaga)相应,依「他有诸福分」这一义,称为「世尊」。

又由于他以善等差别[分别了]一切法,或以蕴、处、界、谛、根、缘起等[分别了]善等法,或依逼迫、有为、热恼、变易之义[分别了]苦圣谛,依积聚、因缘、结缚、障碍之义[分别了]集,依出离、远离、无为、不死之义[分别了]灭,依导出、因、见、增上之义[分别了]道——已分别,所说的意思是:已分别、开显而宣说。因此,本应说「已分别者(vibhattavā)」,而称为「世尊」。

又由于他亲近、习行、多作天住、梵住、圣住,身远离、心远离、依远离(upadhiviveka),空、无愿、无相解脱,以及其他世间与出世间的上人法,因此,本应说「已亲近者(bhattavā)」,而称为「世尊」。

又由于他已吐弃三有中称为渴爱的趣行,因此,本应说「于诸有中已吐弃趣行者(bhavesu vantagamano)」,取 bhava 一语的 bha 音、gamana 一语的 ga 音、vanta 一语的 va 音并作长音,而称为「世尊(bhagavā)」——犹如世间本应说「私处空间的花鬘(mehanassa khassa mālā)」而[称]「腰带(mekhalā)」。

144. Ayaṃ pana aparo nayo.
Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tatoti.
Tattha vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyayotiādikaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā bhāgyavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ.
Yasmā pana ahirikānottappakodhūpanāhamakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariyamāyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādataṇhāavijjā- tividhākusalamūladuccaritasaṃkilesamalavisamasaññāvitakkapapañcacatubbidhavipariyesa- āsavaganthaoghayogaagatitaṇhuppādupādānapañcacetokhīlavinibandhanīvaraṇābhinandanā- chavivādamūlataṇhākāyasattānusayaaṭṭhamicchattanavataṇhāmūlakadasākusalakammapathadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigata- aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedasabbadarathapariḷāhakilesasatasahassāni, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesakhandhaabhisaṅkhāradevaputtamaccumāre abhañji. Tasmā bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati. Āha cettha –
‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;
Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
Bhāgyavatāya cassa satapuññalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti. Bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca saṃyojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.
Yasmā ca loke issariyadhammayasasirikāmapayattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo pavattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimālaṅghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ atthi. Tathā lokuttaro dhammo. Lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso. Rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī. Yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchitatthanibbattisaññito kāmo. Sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi. Tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi bhagā assa santīti iminā atthena bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana kusalādīhi bhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatanadhātusaccaindriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, āyūhananidānasaṃyogapalibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhataamataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyānikahetudassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā vibhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatappaṇihitānimittavimokkhe aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulaṃ akāsi, tasmā bhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanaṃ anena vantaṃ, tasmā bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ gamanasaddato gakāraṃ vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya bhagavāti vuccati yathā loke mehanassa khassa mālāti vattabbe mekhalāti.
145缅 1.206已对照

一百四十五、当他如是随念佛德——「以此以此之因由,那位世尊是阿罗汉……乃至……以此以此之因由,是世尊」——时,在那时,他的心不为贪所缠,不为瞋所缠,不为痴所缠;在那时,他的心缘于如来而正是正直的(《增支部》6.10)。如是,由于没有贪等的缠缚,他镇伏了诸盖,由于面向业处,心已正直,便有趋向佛德的寻与伺转起。当他随寻、随伺佛德时,喜生起。意中有喜者,由以喜为近因的轻安,身与心的焦虑便止息。焦虑已止息者,身的与心的乐都生起。有乐者的心以佛德为所缘而得定——如是依次第,于一刹那中诸禅支生起。然而,由于佛德的甚深,或由于专注于随念种种德,[禅]未达安止,只成为已达近行的禅。而这[禅]由于是依随念佛德而生起,正称为「佛随念」。

而致力于这佛随念的比丘,对导师恭敬、顺从,得到信的广大、念的广大、慧的广大、福的广大,多喜与愉悦,能堪忍怖骇,能忍受苦,获得与导师共住之想。为佛德之随念所居住的他的身体,也如塔殿一般值得供养。心倾向于佛地。当遇到应违犯之事时,惭与愧现起于他,如同当面见到导师一般。而若未通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当不放逸,

常于如是具大威力的佛随念[中]。

这暂且是关于佛随念的详说之门。

145. Tassevaṃ iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena bhagavāti buddhaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgatamārabbha (a. ni. 6.10). Iccassa evaṃ rāgādipariyuṭṭhānābhāvena vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa kammaṭṭhānābhimukhatāya ujugatacittassa buddhaguṇapoṇā vitakkavicārā pavattanti. Buddhaguṇe anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato pīti uppajjati. Pītimanassa pītipadaṭṭhānāya passaddhiyā kāyacittadarathā paṭippassambhanti. Passaddhadarathassa kāyikampi cetasikampi sukhaṃ uppajjati. Sukhino buddhaguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā cittaṃ samādhiyatīti anukkamena ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Buddhaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ buddhaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā buddhānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana buddhānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso, saddhāvepullaṃ sativepullaṃ paññāvepullaṃ puññavepullañca adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, satthārā saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Buddhaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti. Buddhabhūmiyaṃ cittaṃ namati. Vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā satthāraṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, buddhānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ tāva buddhānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
已对照

二、法随念论

2. Dhammānussatikathā
146已对照

一百四十六、欲修习法随念者,也应独处静坐,以「法是世尊所善说的,是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的」(《增支部》6.10)这样[的方式],随念教理之法(pariyattidhamma)与九种出世间法的功德。

146. Dhammānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ pariyattidhammassa ceva navavidhassa ca lokuttaradhammassa guṇā anussaritabbā.
147缅 1.207已对照

一百四十七、因为在「善说的(svākkhāto)」这一句中,教理之法也被摄入;在其余[诸句]中,则唯是出世间法。此中,首先,教理之法是善说的,因为它是初善、中善、后善的,又因为它显示具足义理与文句、完全圆满、遍净的梵行。因为世尊即使只教导一首偈,由于法的全然贤善,那[偈]也以第一句而为初善,以第二、第三句而为中善,以末句而为后善。只有一个连结的经,以因缘[分]而为初善,以结语而为后善,以其余[部分]而为中善。有多个连结的经,以第一个连结而为初善,以最后的[连结]而为后善,以其余诸[连结]而为中善。此外,由于有因缘、有事之生起,所以是初善;由于随顺所应教化者,由于义理不颠倒,又由于具足因与例证,所以是中善;由于令听者生起信的获得,又由于有结语,所以是后善。

147. Svākkhātoti imasmiṃ hi pade pariyattidhammopi saṅgahaṃ gacchati, itaresu lokuttaradhammova. Tattha pariyattidhammo tāva svākkhāto ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanattā ca. Yañhi bhagavā ekagāthampi deseti, sā samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Apica sanidānasauppattikattā ādikalyāṇaṃ, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhajananena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ.
已对照

整个教法之法,也以作为其自身之义的戒而为初善,以止、观、道、果而为中善,以涅槃而为后善。或者,以戒与定而为初善,以观与道而为中善,以果与涅槃而为后善。或者,以佛的善觉悟性而为初善,以法的善法性而为中善,以僧的善行道而为后善。或者,以听了它之后为如是之义而行道者所应证得的正等觉而为初善,以独觉菩提而为中善,以声闻菩提而为后善。

Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭippattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathatthāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo.
已对照

而这[法]在被听闻时,由于镇伏诸盖,以听闻也只带来善,所以是初善;在被实行时,由于带来止与观之乐,以行道也带来善,所以是中善;而如是被实行之后,在行道之果完成时,由于带来如如之性,以行道之果也带来善,所以是后善——如是,由于是初善、中善、后善的,所以是善说的。

Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇoti evaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā svākkhāto.
缅 1.208已对照

而这位世尊教导法时,所显示、以种种方法所显明的教法梵行与道梵行,那[梵行]随其所应,由于义理成就而具足义理,由于文句成就而具足文句。由于具备宣示、显示、开示、分别、显明、施设这些义句,所以具足义理;由于字、句、文、行相、语法、指示的成就,所以具足文句。由于义甚深与通达甚深,所以具足义理;由于法甚深与教说甚深,所以具足文句。由于是义无碍解与辩无碍解的境界,所以具足义理;由于是法无碍解与词无碍解的境界,所以具足文句。由于是贤智者所应了知的,令审察之人生起净信,所以具足义理;由于是可信的,令世间之人生起净信,所以具足文句。由于意趣甚深,所以具足义理;由于文句浅显,所以具足文句。由于没有应再添入的,以全部圆满之性,所以是完全圆满的。由于没有应除去的,以无过失之性,所以是遍净的。

Yaṃ panesa bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti nānānayehi dīpeti, taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ.
已对照

此外,由于以行道而有证得上的精通,所以具足义理;由于以教理而有圣典上的精通,所以具足文句;由于与戒等五法蕴相应,所以是完全圆满的;由于无随烦恼,由于为度脱而转起,又由于不顾世间财利,所以是遍净的——如是,由于显示具足义理与文句、完全圆满、遍净的梵行,所以是善说的。

Apica paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittaraṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhanti evaṃ sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanato svākkhāto.
已对照

或者,由于义理没有颠倒,是善加宣说的,故为「善说的」。因为犹如其他外道之法的义理陷于颠倒——由于被说为「障碍的」诸法并无障碍性,被说为「能导向出离的」诸法并无导向出离性;因此,他们的法正是恶说之法——世尊之法的义理却不如此陷于颠倒。因为如是所说的诸法——「这些法是障碍的,这些法是能导向出离的」——不逾越其如是之性。如是,首先,教理之法是善说的。

Atthavipallāsābhāvato vā suṭṭhu akkhātoti svākkhāto. Yathā hi aññatitthiyānaṃ dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati, antarāyikāti vuttadhammānaṃ antarāyikattābhāvato, niyyānikāti vuttadhammānaṃ niyyānikattābhāvato. Tena te durakkhātadhammāyeva honti, na tathā bhagavato dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati. Ime dhammā antarāyikā, ime dhammā niyyānikāti evaṃ vuttadhammānaṃ tathābhāvānatikkamanatoti. Evaṃ tāva pariyattidhammo svākkhāto.
已对照

而出世间法,由于宣说了随顺涅槃的行道(paṭipatti)与随顺行道(paṭipadā)的涅槃,所以是善说的。即如所说——「而那位世尊为弟子们善施设了导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道相合。譬如恒河(Gaṅgā)水与耶牟那(Yamunā)河水相合、相会;同样地,那位世尊为弟子们善施设的导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道也相合。」(《长部》2.296)此中,圣道不趋近二边,正是中道,而被宣说为「中道」,所以是善说的。诸沙门果正是烦恼已止息的,而被宣说为「烦恼已止息的」,所以是善说的。涅槃正是以常、不死、救护、避难处等为自性的,而依常等自性被宣说,所以是善说的——如是,出世间法也是善说的。

Lokuttaradhammo pana nibbānānurūpāya paṭipattiyā paṭipadānurūpassa ca nibbānassa akkhātattā svākkhāto. Yathāha – ‘‘supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā (dī. ni. 2.296) tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā cā’’ti. Ariyamaggo cettha antadvayaṃ anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadābhūtova ‘‘majjhimā paṭipadā’’ti akkhātattā svākkhāto. Sāmaññaphalāni paṭipassaddhakilesāneva ‘‘paṭipassaddhakilesānī’’ti akkhātattā svākkhātāni. Nibbānaṃ sassatāmatatāṇaleṇādisabhāvameva sassatādisabhāvavasena akkhātattā svākkhātanti evaṃ lokuttaradhammopi svākkhāto.
148缅 1.209已对照

一百四十八、而在「现见的(sandiṭṭhiko)」这里,首先,圣道是在自己的相续中令贪等不存在的圣者所应亲自见的,故为「现见的」。即如所说——「婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害;感受心的苦、忧。贪已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。婆罗门,如是,法也是现见的。」(《增支部》3.54)此外,九种出世间法,无论由谁证得,那人都舍弃了[只能]凭他人之信而趣向[的状态],以省察智亲自所应见,故为「现见的」。或者,受赞叹的见是「善见(sandiṭṭhi)」;以善见而胜,故为「现见的」。因为此中,圣道以相应的善见、圣果以作为[其]原因的善见、涅槃以取它为境界的善见,胜伏诸烦恼。因此,犹如以车而胜,故为「车战者(rathiko)」;同样,九种出世间法也以善见而胜,故为「现见的」。

148. Sandiṭṭhikoti ettha pana ariyamaggo tāva attano santāne rāgādīnaṃ abhāvaṃ karontena ariyapuggalena sāmaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Yathāha –‘‘ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hotī’’ti(a. ni. 3.54). Apica navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo yena yena adhigato hoti, tena tena parasaddhāya gantabbataṃ hitvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena sayaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Atha vā pasatthā diṭṭhi sandiṭṭhi, sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Tathā hettha ariyamaggo sampayuttāya, ariyaphalaṃ kāraṇabhūtāya, nibbānaṃ visayibhūtāya sandiṭṭhiyā kilese jayati. Tasmā yathā rathena jayatīti rathiko, evaṃ navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko.
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或者,「所见(diṭṭha)」称为见(dassana)。所见即是「现见(sandiṭṭha)」,即见,此是其义。值得现见,故为「现见的」。因为出世间法正是依修习现观与作证现观而被见时,才遮止轮转的怖畏。因此,犹如值得[穿]衣,故为「衣者(vatthiko)」;同样,值得现见,故为「现见的」。

Atha vā diṭṭhanti dassanaṃ vuccati. Diṭṭhameva sandiṭṭhaṃ, dassananti attho. Sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Lokuttaradhammo hi bhāvanābhisamayavasena sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena ca dissamānoyeva vaṭṭabhayaṃ nivatteti. Tasmā yathā vatthaṃ arahatīti vatthiko, evaṃ sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko.
149已对照

一百四十九、就给予自己的果而言,它没有[须等待的]时间,故为「无时(akāla)」;无时即是「无时的(akāliko)」。是所说的意思:它不是经过五天、七天等类的时间之后才给予果,而是在自己转起之后紧接着就给予果。或者,在给予自己的果上,它有久远的时间要到来,故为「有时的(kāliko)」。那是什么呢?是世间的善法。而这[法]由于果紧接[而至],不是有时的,故为「无时的」。这是专就道而说的。

149. Attano phaladānaṃ sandhāya nāssa kāloti akālo. Akāloyeva akāliko. Na pañcāhasattāhādibhedaṃ kālaṃ khepetvā phalaṃ deti, attano pana pavattisamanantarameva phaladoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā attano phaladāne pakaṭṭho kālo patto assāti kāliko. Ko so? Lokiyo kusaladhammo. Ayaṃ pana samanantaraphalattā na kālikoti akāliko. Idaṃ maggameva sandhāya vuttaṃ.
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一百五十、值得如是转起的「来看这法吧」之请,故为「来见的(ehipassiko)」。那么,为什么它值得那请呢?由于存在,又由于遍净。因为对着空拳,即使说了「有金钱或黄金」,也不能说「来看这个吧」。为什么呢?由于不存在。而粪或尿,即使存在,也不能为了显示其可意之性、令心欢喜而说「来看这个吧」;反而正是应当用草或叶子遮盖起来的。为什么呢?由于不遍净。而这九种出世间法,依自性就是存在的,又犹如无云的空中圆满的月轮,犹如置于黄褐毛毯上的真生摩尼,是遍净的。因此,由于存在、又由于遍净,值得「来看」之请,故为「来见的」。

150. ‘‘Ehi passa imaṃ dhamma’’nti evaṃ pavattaṃ ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko. Kasmā panesa taṃ vidhiṃ arahatīti? Vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca. Rittamuṭṭhiyaṃ hi hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā atthīti vatvāpi ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Kasmā? Avijjamānattā. Vijjamānampi ca gūthaṃ vā muttaṃ vā manuññabhāvappakāsanena cittasampahaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Apica kho pana tiṇehi vā paṇṇehi vā paṭicchādetabbameva hoti. Kasmā? Aparisuddhattā. Ayaṃ pana navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sabhāvatova vijjamāno vigatavalāhake ākāse sampuṇṇacandamaṇḍalaṃ viya paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya ca parisuddho. Tasmā vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko.
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一百五十一、应被引近,故为「引导的(opaneyyiko)」。而此中这是抉择:引近(upanayana)即是「引近(upanaya)」;纵使衣服或头着了火也置之不顾,仍值得依修习而引近于自己的心中,故为「opanayika」;opanayika 即是「引导的(opaneyyiko)」。这适用于有为的出世间法。而于无为[法],则是值得以自己的心引近,故为「引导的」;值得依作证而触及,此是其义。

151. Upanetabboti opaneyyiko. Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo, upanayanaṃ upanayo, ādittaṃ celaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi bhāvanāvasena attano citte upanayanaṃ arahatīti opanayiko. Opanayikova opaneyyiko. Idaṃ saṅkhate lokuttaradhamme yujjati. Asaṅkhate pana attano cittena upanayanaṃ arahatīti opaneyyiko. Sacchikiriyāvasena allīyanaṃ arahatīti attho.
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或者,引[人]趋近涅槃,故圣道为「引近者(upaneyyo)」;应被引至应作证之状,故果与涅槃之法为「应引近者(upaneyyo)」。upaneyya 即是「引导的(opaneyyiko)」。

Atha vā nibbānaṃ upanetīti ariyamaggo upaneyyo. Sacchikātabbataṃ upanetabboti phalanibbānadhammo upaneyyo. Upaneyyo eva opaneyyiko.
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一百五十二、「智者应各自证知的(paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi)」者:即应由一切略开知者等智者,各在自身中证知:「我已修习了道,已证得了果,已作证了灭。」因为共住弟子的诸烦恼,不会因戒师所修习的道而被舍断;他不会因那[戒师]的果等至而安乐地住;也不会作证那[戒师]所作证的涅槃。因此,是所说的意思:这[法]不应像他人头上的装饰品那样去看,而应由智者唯在自己的心中去看、去体验。而这[法]也不是愚人的境界。

152. Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti sabbehipi ugghaṭitaññūādīhi viññūhi attani attani veditabbo ‘‘bhāvito me maggo, adhigataṃ phalaṃ, sacchikato nirodho’’ti. Na hi upajjhāyena bhāvitena maggena saddhivihārikassa kilesā pahīyanti, na so tassa phalasamāpattiyā phāsuviharati, na tena sacchikataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti. Tasmā na esa parassa sīse ābharaṇaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo, attano pana citteyeva daṭṭhabbo, anubhavitabbo viññūhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bālānaṃ pana avisayo cesa.
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此外,这法是善说的。为什么呢?由于是现见的。[它]是现见的,由于是无时的。[它]是无时的,由于是来见的。而凡是来见的,那就名为引导的。

Apica svākkhāto ayaṃ dhammo. Kasmā? Sandiṭṭhikattā. Sandiṭṭhiko, akālikattā. Akāliko, ehipassikattā. Yo ca ehipassiko, so nāma opaneyyiko hotīti.
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一百五十三、当他如是随念以善说性等为区分的法的功德时,「他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依法而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已镇伏诸盖者,诸禅支于一刹那中生起。然而由于法的功德甚深,或由于倾心于随念种种功德,不达安止,唯成为达到近行的禅。这[禅]由于是依随念法的功德而生起的,就被称为「法随念」。

而勤修这法随念的比丘,[想:]「像这样宣说引导之法、具足这一支的导师,我于过去世不曾见到,于今也不曾见到,唯除那位世尊」,如是正由见到法的功德,而对导师恭敬、顺从。对法尊重恭敬,他得到信等的广大,多喜与愉悦,堪忍怖畏与惊骇,能忍受苦,获得与法共住之想;而由于随念法的功德,他所住的身体也如塔殿一般值得供养;心倾向于证得无上之法;遇到可违犯之事时,由于随念法的善法性,惭与愧现起。而若未能通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当作不放逸,

常于如是有大威力的法随念[中]。

这是关于法随念的详说之门。

153. Tassevaṃ svākkhātatādibhede dhammaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti dhammaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Dhammaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ dhammaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā dhammānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana dhammānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāmi, na panetarahi aññatra tena bhagavatāti evaṃ dhammaguṇadassaneneva satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Dhamme garucittīkāro saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, dhammena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati, dhammaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti, anuttaradhammādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa dhammasudhammataṃ samanussarato hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, dhammānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ dhammānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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三、僧随念论

3. Saṅghānussatikathā
154缅 1.212已对照

一百五十四、欲修习僧随念者,也应独处静坐,以「世尊的弟子僧是善行道者,世尊的弟子僧是正直行道者,世尊的弟子僧是如理行道者,世尊的弟子僧是正当行道者,也就是四双八辈之人——这就是世尊的弟子僧,应供养、应款待、应奉施、应合掌,是世间无上的福田」(《增支部》6.10)这样[的方式],随念圣僧的功德。

154. Saṅghānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo, pāhuneyyo, dakkhiṇeyyo, añjalikaraṇīyo, anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ ariyasaṅghaguṇā anussaritabbā.
155已对照

一百五十五、此中,「善行道者(suppaṭipanno)」者:即善好地行道者;是所说的意思:行于正行道、不退转的行道、随顺的行道、无敌对的行道、法随法的行道者。恭敬地听闻世尊的教诫与教导,故为「弟子(sāvakā)」。弟子们的僧团为「弟子僧」,即由于戒与见的共同而达到聚合之状的弟子之群,此是其义。又因为那正行道是正直的、不弯的、不曲的、不斜的,也被称为「圣」与「正理(ñāya)」,又由于相称而也被称为「正当(sāmīci)」;因此,行于那[行道]的圣僧,也被说为「正直行道者」「如理行道者」「正当行道者」。

155. Tattha suppaṭipannoti suṭṭhu paṭipanno, sammāpaṭipadaṃ anivattipaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavato ovādānusāsaniṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇantīti sāvakā. Sāvakānaṃ saṅgho sāvakasaṅgho, sīladiṭṭhisāmaññatāya saṅghātabhāvamāpanno sāvakasamūhoti attho. Yasmā pana sā sammāpaṭipadā uju avaṅkā akuṭilā ajimhā, ariyo ca ñāyotipi vuccati, anucchavikattā ca sāmīcītipi saṅkhaṃ gatā. Tasmā tampaṭipanno ariyasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno ñāyappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipannotipi vutto.
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而此中,凡是住于道者,由于具足正行道,是善行道者;凡是住于果者,由于已证得应以正行道证得的,应知是就过去的行道而为善行道者。

Ettha ca ye maggaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipattisamaṅgitāya suppaṭipannā. Ye phalaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipadāya adhigantabbassa adhigatattā atītaṃ paṭipadaṃ sandhāya suppaṭipannāti veditabbā.
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此外,由于在善说的法与律中依所教导而行道,也由于行于无误的行道,是善行道者。

Apica svākkhāte dhammavinaye yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipannattāpi apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannattāpi suppaṭipanno.
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由于依中道不趋近二边而行道,由于为舍断身、语、意的弯、曲、斜之过失而行道,以及由于正直地行道,是正直行道者。

Majjhimāya paṭipadāya antadvayamanupagamma paṭipannattā kāyavacīmanovaṅkakuṭilajimhadosappahānāya paṭipannattā ca ujuppaṭipannattā ca ujuppaṭipanno.
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正理称为涅槃。由于为那[涅槃]而行道,是如理行道者。

Ñāyo vuccati nibbānaṃ. Tadatthāya paṭipannattā ñāyappaṭipanno.
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如何行道者值得[受]正当之礼,由于如是行道,是正当行道者。

Yathā paṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannārahā honti, tathā paṭipannattā sāmīcippaṭipanno.
156缅 1.213已对照

一百五十六、「也就是(yadidaṃ)」者:即凡是这些。「四双之人(cattāri purisayugāni)」者:依成双而言,住于初道者与住于果者,这是一双;如是有四双之人。「八辈之人(aṭṭha purisapuggalā)」者:依人而言,一位住于初道者,一位住于果者——依这方法,恰有八辈之人。而此中,说「purisa」也好,说「puggala」也好,这些语词是同一义的;而这是依所应教化者而说的。「这就是世尊的弟子僧(esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho)」者:凡依成双而为这四双之人、各别而为八辈之人者,这就是世尊的弟子僧。在「应供养(āhuneyyo)」等中:应带来而献供,故为「供物(āhuna)」;即使从远处带来,也应施给诸具戒者,此是其义。这是四资具的增语。由于令那供物成为大果,适合接受那供物,故为「应供养」。或者,即使从远处前来,连一切财产也应在此献供,故为「应献供(āhavanīyo)」;或者,值得连帝释等的献供,故为「应献供」。而婆罗门们有名为「应献供」的火,他们的信条是:于其中所献供的有大果。若由于所献供的有大果而为「应献供」,那么唯有僧团才是「应献供」,因为于僧团所献供的才有大果。即如所说——

156. Yadidanti yāni imāni. Cattāri purisayugānīti yugaḷavasena paṭhamamaggaṭṭho phalaṭṭhoti idamekaṃ yugaḷanti evaṃ cattāri purisayugaḷāni honti. Aṭṭha purisapuggalāti purisapuggalavasena eko paṭhamamaggaṭṭho eko phalaṭṭhoti iminā nayena aṭṭheva purisapuggalā honti. Ettha ca purisoti vā puggaloti vā ekatthāni etāni padāni. Veneyyavasena panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅghoti yānimāni yugavasena cattāri purisayugāni, pāṭiekkato aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, āhuneyyotiādīsu ānetvā hunitabbanti āhunaṃ, dūratopi ānetvā sīlavantesu dātabbanti attho. Catunnaṃ paccayānametamadhivacanaṃ. Taṃ āhunaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto tassa mahapphalakaraṇatoti āhuneyyo. Atha vā dūratopi āgantvā sabbasāpateyyampi ettha hunitabbanti āhavanīyo. Sakkādīnampi vā āhavanaṃ arahatīti āhavanīyo. Yo cāyaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ āhavanīyo nāma aggi, yattha hutaṃ mahapphalanti tesaṃ laddhi. Sace hutassa mahapphalatāya āhavanīyo, saṅghova āhavanīyo. Saṅghe hutañhi mahapphalaṃ hoti. Yathāha –
已对照

「若有人一百年,在林中侍奉火;

‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jantu, aggiṃ paricare vane;
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而[另有人]即使只片刻,供养一位已修自[体]者;

Ekañca bhāvitattānaṃ, muhuttamapi pūjaye;
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唯这供养更胜,胜过那一百年的献供。」(《法句》107)

Sāyeva pūjanā seyyo, yañce vassasataṃ huta’’nti. (dha. pa. 107);
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在别的部派中[所读]的这「应献供(āhavanīyo)」一语,就义而言与此处「应供养(āhuneyyo)」这一语是同一的;而在文句上,此中只有些微不同。如是为「应供养」。

Tadetaṃ nikāyantare āhavanīyoti padaṃ idha āhuneyyoti iminā padena atthato ekaṃ. Byañjanato panettha kiñcimattameva nānaṃ. Iti āhuneyyo.
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而在「应款待(pāhuneyyo)」这里,「款待(pāhuna)」称为:为了从四方四维来的、可爱可意的亲族朋友,以恭敬准备的客人之施。连那[款待]也是,除去那些那样的客人,只适合施给僧团,僧团才适合接受它。因为没有与僧团相似的客人。因为这[僧团]是在一个佛间[时期]才得见的,而且无间杂地具足作成可爱可意之性的诸法。如是,适合施予它款待,它也适合接受款待,故为「应款待」。而对于那些圣典[读]作「pāhavanīyo(应先献供)」的人,由于僧团值得[受]优先的礼遇,因此应最先带来于此献供,故为「pāhavanīyo」;或者,以一切方式值得献供,故为「pāhavanīyo」。而这[语]在此处正以那同一义被称为「应款待」。

Pāhuneyyoti ettha pana pāhunaṃ vuccati disāvidisato āgatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ ñātimittānamatthāya sakkārena paṭiyattaṃ āgantukadānaṃ. Tampi ṭhapetvā te tathārūpe pāhunake saṅghasseva dātuṃ yuttaṃ, saṅghova taṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto. Saṅghasadiso hi pāhunako natthi. Tathā hesa ekabuddhantare ca dissati, abbokiṇṇañca piyamanāpattakarehi dhammehi samannāgatoti. Evaṃ pāhunamassa dātuṃ yuttaṃ pāhunañca paṭiggahetuṃ yuttoti pāhuneyyo. Yesaṃ pana pāhavanīyoti pāḷi, tesaṃ yasmā saṅgho pubbakāramarahati, tasmā sabbapaṭhamaṃ ānetvā ettha hunitabbanti pāhavanīyo. Sabbappakārena vā āhavanamarahatīti pāhavanīyo. Svāyamidha teneva atthena pāhuneyyoti vuccati.
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而「奉施(dakkhiṇā)」称为信他世而应施的布施。配得上那奉施,或者有益于奉施,因为由于令它成为大果而令它清净,故为「应奉施(dakkhiṇeyyo)」。

Dakkhiṇāti pana paralokaṃ saddahitvā dātabbadānaṃ vuccati. Taṃ dakkhiṇaṃ arahati, dakkhiṇāya vā hito yasmā naṃ mahapphalakaraṇatāya visodhetīti dakkhiṇeyyo.
缅 1.214已对照

一切世间将两手置于头上而作的合掌之事,它配得上,故为「应合掌(añjalikaraṇīyo)」。

Ubho hatthe sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhapetvā sabbalokena kayiramānaṃ añjalikammaṃ arahatīti añjalikaraṇīyo.
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「世间无上的福田(anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa)」者:即对一切世间而言无与伦比的福之生长处。因为犹如国王或大臣的稻或麦生长之处被称为「国王的稻田、国王的麦田」,同样,僧团是一切世间诸福生长之处。因为依止僧团,世间种种导致利益安乐的诸福才生长;因此[说]僧团是「世间无上的福田」。

Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti sabbalokassa asadisaṃ puññavirūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathā hi rañño vā amaccassa vā sālīnaṃ vā yavānaṃ vā virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ rañño sālikkhettaṃ rañño yavakkhettanti vuccati, evaṃ saṅgho sabbalokassa puññānaṃ virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅghaṃ nissāya hi lokassa nānappakārahitasukhasaṃvattanikāni puññāni virūhanti. Tasmā saṅgho anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti.
157已对照

一百五十七、当他如是随念以善行道性等为区分的僧的功德时,「他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依僧而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已镇伏诸盖者,诸禅支于一刹那中生起。然而由于僧的功德甚深,或由于倾心于随念种种功德,不达安止,唯成为达到近行的禅。这[禅]由于是依随念僧的功德而生起的,就被称为「僧随念」。

而勤修这僧随念的比丘,对僧恭敬、顺从。他得到信等的广大,多喜与愉悦,堪忍怖畏与惊骇,能忍受苦,获得与僧共住之想。而由于随念僧的功德,他所住的身体如僧众集会的布萨堂一般值得供养;心倾向于证得僧的功德;遇到可违犯之事时,如当面见到僧团一般,惭与愧现起;而若未能通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当作不放逸,

常于如是有大威力的僧随念[中]。

这是关于僧随念的详说之门。

157. Evaṃ suppaṭipannatādibhede saṅghaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti saṅghaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saṅghaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ saṅghaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā saṅghānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana saṅghānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu saṅghe sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, saṅghena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Saṅghaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīraṃ sannipatitasaṅghamiva uposathāgāraṃ pūjārahaṃ hoti, saṅghaguṇādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā saṅghaṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, saṅghānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ saṅghānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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四、戒随念论

4. Sīlānussatikathā
158缅 1.215已对照

一百五十八、而欲修习戒随念者,应独处静坐,以「啊,我的诸戒确是无毁、无穿、无斑、无杂、自在、智者所赞、不被执取、导向定的」(《增支部》6.10)这样[的方式],依无毁性等功德随念自己的诸戒。而那些[戒],在家人[随念]在家人的戒,出家人[随念]出家人的戒。

158. Sīlānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘aho vata me sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikānī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussaritabbāni. Tāni ca gahaṭṭhena gahaṭṭhasīlāni, pabbajitena pabbajitasīlāni.
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无论是在家人的戒还是出家人的戒,凡是在开头或末尾没有一条毁犯的,那些[戒]不像边缘被剪断的布那样是毁的,故为「无毁」。凡是在中间没有一条毁犯的,那些[戒]不像中间被穿透的布那样是穿的,故为「无穿」。凡是没有接连二三条毁犯的,那些[戒]不像背上或腹上生出长、圆等形状的异色、[身]是黑、红等某一色的母牛那样是斑的,故为「无斑」。凡是没有处处间杂毁犯的,那些[戒]不像有异色斑点花纹的母牛那样是杂的,故为「无杂」。或者,不加区分地,一切[戒]由于没有被七种淫欲结合以及忿、怨恨等诸恶法所损害,故为无毁、无穿、无斑、无杂。正是那些[戒],由于使[人]从渴爱的奴役中解脱、成就自在之性,故为「自在」。由于为佛陀等智者所称赞,故为「智者所赞」。由于不被渴爱与见所执取,或者由于无人能以「你的诸戒中有这过失」如是加以执取,故为「不被执取」。由于导向近行定或安止定,或者也导向道定与果定,故为「导向定」。

Gahaṭṭhasīlāni vā hontu pabbajitasīlāni vā, yesaṃ ādimhi vā ante vā ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni pariyante chinnasāṭako viya na khaṇḍānīti akhaṇḍāni. Yesaṃ vemajjhe ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni majjhe vinividdhasāṭako viya na chiddānīti acchiddāni. Yesaṃ paṭipāṭiyā dve vā tīṇi vā na bhinnāni, tāni piṭṭhiyā vā kucchiyā vā uṭṭhitena dīghavaṭṭādisaṇṭhānena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya na sabalānīti asabalāni. Yāni antarantarā na bhinnāni, tāni visabhāgabinduvicitrā gāvī viya na kammāsānīti akammāsāni. Avisesena vā sabbānipi sattavidhena methunasaṃyogena kodhupanāhādīhi ca pāpadhammehi anupahatattā akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni. Tāniyeva taṇhādāsabyato mocetvā bhujissabhāvakaraṇena bhujissāni. Buddhādīhi viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhatāya kenaci vā ayaṃ te sīlesu dosoti evaṃ parāmaṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā, atha vā pana maggasamādhiṃ phalasamādhiñcāpi saṃvattentīti samādhisaṃvattanikāni.
159缅 1.216已对照

一百五十九、当他如是依无毁性等功德随念自己的诸戒时,「他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依戒而唯是正直的」,依前面的方法,已镇伏诸盖者,诸禅支于一刹那中生起。然而由于戒的功德甚深,或由于倾心于随念种种功德,不达安止,唯成为达到近行的禅。这[禅]由于是依随念戒的功德而生起的,就被称为「戒随念」。

而勤修这戒随念的比丘,对学恭敬,行止相宜,于亲厚不放逸,离自责等怖畏,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,得到信等的广大,多喜与愉悦。而若未能通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当作不放逸,

常于如是有大威力的戒随念[中]。

这是关于戒随念的详说之门。

159. Evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussarato nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti, sīlaṃ ārabbhāti purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Sīlaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ sīlaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā sīlānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana sīlānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu sikkhāya sagāravo hoti sabhāgavutti, paṭisanthāre appamatto, attānuvādādibhayavirahito, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, sīlānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ sīlānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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五、舍随念论

5. Cāgānussatikathā
160已对照

一百六十、而欲修习舍随念者,应本性就倾心于舍,常行布施与分享。或者,开始修习者应受持:「从今以后,只要有受施者,我甚至连一口[饭]的布施都没有施,就不进食。」在那天,于以功德而殊胜的诸受施者,随己所能、随己之力作了布施,于其中取了相之后,独处静坐,以「我实有利得,我实善得——我在被悭垢所缠的众生之中,以离了悭垢的心而住,施舍无所保留、手常洁净、乐于舍弃、堪受人乞求、乐于布施与分享」这样[的方式],依离了悭垢之性等功德随念自己的舍。

160. Cāgānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pakatiyā cāgādhimuttena niccappavattadānasaṃvibhāgena bhavitabbaṃ. Atha vā pana bhāvanaṃ ārabhantena ito dāni pabhuti sati paṭiggāhake antamaso ekālopamattampi dānaṃ adatvā na bhuñjissāmīti samādānaṃ katvā taṃdivasaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhesu paṭiggāhakesu yathāsatti yathābalaṃ dānaṃ datvā tattha nimittaṃ gaṇhitvā rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘lābhā vata me suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya vigatamalamaccherena cetasā viharāmi muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato’’ti evaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgo anussaritabbo.
缅 1.217已对照

此中,「我实有利得(lābhā vata me)」者:即对我而言实有利得——凡是世尊以「而给予了寿,他就成为天上的或人间的寿的分享者」(《增支部》5.37)、「施者为人所爱,众人亲近他」(《增支部》5.34)、「布施者为人所爱,随行善人之法」(《增支部》5.35)等方法所称赞的施者的这些利得,我必定有份——[此]是意趣。「我实善得(suladdhaṃ vata me)」者:即我所得的这教法或人身,那对我实在是善得。为什么呢?[因为]「我在被悭垢所缠的众生之中……乃至……乐于布施与分享」。

Tattha lābhā vata meti mayhaṃ vata lābhā, ye ime ‘‘āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā’’ iti (a. ni. 5.37) ca, ‘‘dadaṃ piyo hoti bhajanti naṃ bahū’’ iti (a. ni. 5.34) ca, ‘‘dadamāno piyo hoti, sataṃ dhammaṃ anukkamaṃ’’ iti (a. ni. 5.35) ca evamādīhi nayehi bhagavatā dāyakassa lābhā saṃvaṇṇitā, te mayhaṃ avassaṃ bhāginoti adhippāyo. Suladdhaṃ vata meti yaṃ mayā idaṃ sāsanaṃ manussattaṃ vā laddhaṃ, taṃ suladdhaṃ vata me. Kasmā? Yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya…pe… dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti.
已对照

此中,「被悭垢所缠的(maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya)」者:即被悭之垢所征服的。「众生(pajāya)」者:依「生出(pajāyana)」[之义],众生被称为「pajā」。因此,此中之义是:在被悭之垢——它以不能忍受自己的成就与他人共有为相,是污损心之光明性的诸黑法之一——所征服的众生之中。「以离了悭垢的(vigatamalamaccherena)」者:由于其他的贪、瞋等诸垢以及悭都已离去,故为「以离了悭垢的」。「心而住(cetasā viharāmi)」者:即成为具有前面所说那种心者而住,此是其义。然而在诸经中,由于是对身为须陀洹的释迦人摩诃男(Mahānāma Sakka)询问依止之住,依依止之住而教导的,所以说了「我居家」。此中,即「我胜伏而住」,此是其义。

Tattha maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāyāti maccheramalena abhibhūtāya. Pajāyāti pajāyanavasena sattā vuccanti. Tasmā attano sampattīnaṃ parasādhāraṇabhāvamasahanalakkhaṇena cittassa pabhassarabhāvadūsakānaṃ kaṇhadhammānaṃ aññatarena maccheramalena abhibhūtesu sattesūti ayamettha attho. Vigatamalamaccherenāti aññesampi rāgadosādimalānañceva maccherassa ca vigatattā vigatamalamaccherena. Cetasā viharāmīti yathāvuttappakāracitto hutvā vasāmīti attho. Suttesu pana mahānāmasakkassa sotāpannassa sato nissayavihāraṃ pucchato nissayavihāravasena desitattā agāraṃ ajjhāvasāmīti vuttaṃ. Tattha abhibhavitvā vasāmīti attho.
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「施舍无所保留(muttacāgo)」者:即已放舍的舍施(vissaṭṭhacāgo)。「手常洁净(payatapāṇī)」者:即手遍净者。是所说的意思:为了恭敬地亲手施与应施之物,手总是洗净的。「乐于舍弃(vossaggarato)」者:舍出为「舍弃(vossagga)」,即遍舍,此是其义;由于不断致力于那舍弃而乐于其中,故为「乐于舍弃」。「堪受人乞求(yācayogo)」者:由于他人乞求什么就施与什么,故与乞求相应,此是其义。也有「yājayogo」的读法,即与称为祭祀的供施(yāja)相应,此是其义。「乐于布施与分享(dānasaṃvibhāgarato)」者:即乐于布施与分享。是他如是随念:「我既作布施,又从自己所应受用的[份]中作分享,并且我正乐于这两者」,此是其义。

Muttacāgoti vissaṭṭhacāgo. Payatapāṇīti parisuddhahattho. Sakkaccaṃ sahatthā deyyadhammaṃ dātuṃ sadā dhotahatthoyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vossaggaratoti vossajjanaṃ vossaggo, pariccāgoti attho. Tasmiṃ vossagge satatābhiyogavasena ratoti vossaggarato. Yācayogoti yaṃ yaṃ pare yācanti, tassa tassa dānato yācanayogoti attho. Yājayogotipi pāṭho. Yajanasaṅkhātena yājena yuttoti attho. Dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti dāne ca saṃvibhāge ca rato. Ahañhi dānañca demi, attanā paribhuñjitabbatopi ca saṃvibhāgaṃ karomi, ettheva casmi ubhaye ratoti evaṃ anussaratīti attho.
161缅 1.218已对照

一百六十一、当他如是依离了悭垢之性等功德随念自己的舍时,「他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依舍而唯是正直的」(《增支部》5.10),依前面的方法,已镇伏诸盖者,诸禅支于一刹那中生起。然而由于舍的功德甚深,或由于倾心于随念种种舍的功德,不达安止,唯成为达到近行的禅。这[禅]由于是依随念舍的功德而生起的,就被称为「舍随念」。

而勤修这舍随念的比丘,更加倾心于舍,意乐无贪,随顺于慈而行,无所怯畏,多喜与愉悦;而若未能通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当作不放逸,

常于如是有大威力的舍随念[中]。

这是关于舍随念的详说之门。

161. Tassevaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgaṃ anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti cāgaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 5.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Cāgaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāracāgaguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ cāgaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā cāgānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana cāgānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu bhiyyoso mattāya cāgādhimutto hoti, alobhajjhāsayo, mettāya anulomakārī, visārado, pītipāmojjabahulo, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, cāgānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ cāgānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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六、天随念论

6. Devatānussatikathā
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一百六十二、而欲修习天随念者,应具足由圣道而生起的信等功德。然后独处静坐,以「有四大王天诸天,有三十三天诸天、夜摩天、兜率天、化乐天、他化自在天,有梵身天诸天,有比那更上的诸天。具足怎样的信的那些天,从此死没后投生于彼处,我也有那样的信。怎样的戒。怎样的闻。怎样的舍。具足怎样的慧的那些天,从此死没后投生于彼处,我也有那样的慧」(《增支部》6.10)这样[的方式],以诸天立为见证,随念自己的信等功德。

162. Devatānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana ariyamaggavasena samudāgatehi saddhādīhi guṇehi samannāgatena bhavitabbaṃ. Tato rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘santi devā cātumahārājikā, santi devā tāvatiṃsā, yāmā, tusitā, nimmānaratino, paranimmitavasavattino, santi devā brahmakāyikā, santi devā tatuttari, yathārūpāya saddhāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā saddhā saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sīlena. Yathārūpena sutena. Yathārūpena cāgena. Yathārūpāya paññāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā paññā saṃvijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇā anussaritabbā.
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然而经中说:「摩诃男,当圣弟子随念自己与那些天的信、戒、闻、舍、慧之时,他于那时心不为贪所缠缚。」虽然[经中]这样说,但应知那是为了显明应立为见证的诸天具有与自己的信等相同的功德而说的。因为在义注中,已确定地说:「以诸天立为见证,随念自己的功德。」

Sutte pana yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako attano ca tāsañca devatānaṃ saddhañca sīlañca sutañca cāgañca paññañca anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atha kho taṃ sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetabbadevatānaṃ attano saddhādīhi samānaguṇadīpanatthaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyañhi devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano guṇe anussaratīti daḷhaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.
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一百六十三、因此,在前分随念了诸天的功德之后,于后分随念自己所具有的信等功德时,「他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依诸天而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已镇伏诸盖者,诸禅支于一刹那中生起。然而由于信等功德甚深,或由于倾心于随念种种功德,不达安止,唯成为达到近行的禅。这[禅]由于依随念与诸天的功德相似的信等功德,就被称为「天随念」。

而勤修这天随念的比丘,为诸天所爱、所喜,更加得到信等的广大,多喜与愉悦而住。而若未能通达更上[之法],则以善趣为归趣。

因此,善慧者确实应当作不放逸,

常于如是有大威力的天随念[中]。

这是关于天随念的详说之门。

163. Tasmā pubbabhāge devatānaṃ guṇe anussaritvā aparabhāge attano saṃvijjamāne saddhādiguṇe anussarato cassa neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti devatā ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saddhādiguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisasaddhādiguṇānussaraṇavasena devatānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana devatānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu devatānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo, bhiyyoso mattāya saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo viharati. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, devatānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ devatānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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杂论

Pakiṇṇakakathā
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一百六十四、而在这些[随念]的详说中,说了「他于那时心依如来而唯是正直的」等之后,又说了「摩诃男,心已正直的圣弟子获得义喜(atthaveda),获得法喜(dhammaveda),获得与法相应的愉悦(pāmojja);已生愉悦者便生起喜」(《增支部》6.10),此中,应知是就依「那位世尊亦即是」等[语]之义而生起的满足,说「获得义喜」;就依圣典而生起的满足,[说]「获得法喜」;就两者而说「获得与法相应的愉悦」。

164. Yaṃ pana etāsaṃ vitthāradesanāyaṃ ‘‘ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbhā’’tiādīni vatvā ‘‘ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) vuttaṃ, tattha itipi so bhagavātiādīnaṃ atthaṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya labhati atthavedanti vuttaṃ. Pāḷiṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya labhati dhammavedaṃ. Ubhayavasena labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjanti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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而在天随念中所说的「依诸天」,应知那是依在前分依诸天而转起的心而说的,或者是依依于与诸天的功德相似、能成就天之身分的功德而转起的心而说的。

Yañca devatānussatiyaṃ devatā ārabbhāti vuttaṃ, taṃ pubbabhāge devatā ārabbha pavattacittavasena devatāguṇasadise vā devatābhāvanipphādake guṇe ārabbha pavattacittavasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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一百六十五、而这六随念,于圣弟子们必定成就。因为对他们而言,佛、法、僧的功德是明显的;而且他们具足有无毁性等功德的诸戒、离了悭垢的舍,以及与有大威力的诸天的功德相似的信等功德。又在《摩诃男经》(《增支部》6.10)中,世尊被问到须陀洹的依止之住时,正是为了显示须陀洹的依止之住,才详细地讲说了这些[随念]。

165. Imā pana cha anussatiyo ariyasāvakānaññeva ijjhanti. Tesaṃ hi buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇā pākaṭā honti. Te ca akhaṇḍatādiguṇehi sīlehi, vigatamalamaccherena cāgena, mahānubhāvānaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisehi saddhādiguṇehi samannāgatā. Mahānāmasutte (a. ni. 6.10) ca sotāpannassa nissayavihāraṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā sotāpannassa nissayavihāradassanatthameva etā vitthārato kathitā.
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在《贪求经》中也说:「诸比丘,在此,圣弟子随念如来:那位世尊亦即是……乃至……他于那时心唯是正直的,已出离、已解脱、已出起于贪求。诸比丘,『贪求』,这是五欲功德的增语。诸比丘,以这也作为所缘,如是,此间有些众生得以清净。」(《增支部》6.25)如是,是为了圣弟子依随念净化心之后,更进一步证得胜义清净而讲说的。

Gedhasuttepi ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, itipi so bhagavā…pe… ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti nikkhantaṃ muttaṃ vuṭṭhitaṃ gedhamhā. Gedhoti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānamadhivacanaṃ. Idampi kho, bhikkhave, ārammaṇaṃ karitvā evamidhekacce sattā visujjhantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.25) evaṃ ariyasāvakassa anussativasena cittaṃ visodhetvā uttari paramatthavisuddhiadhigamatthāya kathitā.
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在具寿大迦旃延所教导的《拥挤中得机会经》中也说:「贤友们,稀有啊!贤友们,未曾有啊!那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的世尊,何其觉悟了在拥挤中获得机会,为令众生清净……乃至……为现证涅槃,即这六随念处。哪六种呢?贤友们,在此,圣弟子随念如来……乃至……如是,此间有些众生成为有清净之法者。」(《增支部》6.26)如是,是依唯圣弟子具有胜义清净之法性、依获得机会而讲说的。

Āyasmatā mahākaccānena desite sambādhokāsasuttepi ‘‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sambādhe okāsādhigamo anubuddho sattānaṃ visuddhiyā…pe… nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cha anussatiṭṭhānāni. Katamāni cha? Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati…pe… evamidhekacce sattā visuddhidhammā bhavantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.26) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva paramatthavisuddhidhammatāya okāsādhigamavasena kathitā.
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在《布萨经》中也说:「毗舍佉,圣布萨是怎样的呢?毗舍佉,染污的心可借方法而得皎洁。毗舍佉,染污的心如何借方法而得皎洁呢?毗舍佉,在此,圣弟子随念如来。」(《增支部》3.71)如是,是为了显示唯对持布萨的圣弟子,依净化心的业处,布萨才有大果之性而讲说的。

Uposathasuttepi ‘‘kathañca, visākhe, ariyūposatho hoti? Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussaratī’’ti (a. ni. 3.71) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva uposathaṃ upavasato cittavisodhanakammaṭṭhānavasena uposathassa mahapphalabhāvadassanatthaṃ kathitā.
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在《十一集》中也说:「摩诃男,有信者是成就者,无信者不是。摩诃男,发起精进者、念已现起者、得定者、有慧者是成就者,劣慧者不是。摩诃男,你住立于这五法之后,应进一步修习六法。摩诃男,在此,你应随念如来:『那位世尊亦即是』。」(《增支部》11.11)如是,是为了对问「尊者,我们以种种住而住,应以哪一种住而住呢?」的圣弟子显示[应住之]住而讲说的。

Ekādasanipātepi ‘‘saddho kho, mahānāma, ārādhako hoti, no assaddho. Āraddhavīriyo, upaṭṭhitasati, samāhito, paññavā, mahānāma, ārādhako hoti, no duppañño. Imesu kho tvaṃ, mahānāma, pañcasu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya cha dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi. Idha tvaṃ, mahānāma, tathāgataṃ anussareyyāsi itipi so bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 11.11) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva ‘‘tesaṃ no, bhante, nānāvihārena viharataṃ kenassa vihārena viharitabba’’nti pucchato vihāradassanatthaṃ kathitā.
166已对照

一百六十六、虽然如此,具足遍净戒等功德的凡夫也应作意[这些随念]。因为即使依传闻而随念佛等的功德,心也必定得净信;以那[净信]的威力,他镇伏诸盖之后,有广大的愉悦,发起观,甚至能作证阿罗汉果——犹如住迦吒暗窟的弗沙提婆长老(Kaṭaandhakāravāsī Phussadevatthera)。

166. Evaṃ santepi parisuddhasīlādiguṇasamannāgatena puthujjanenāpi manasi kātabbā. Anussavavasenāpi hi buddhādīnaṃ guṇe anussarato cittaṃ pasīdatiyeva. Yassānubhāvena nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhetvā uḷārapāmojjo vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃyeva sacchikareyya kaṭaandhakāravāsī phussadevatthero viya.
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相传那位具寿见了魔所化作的佛像,[想:]「这[像]有贪、瞋、痴,尚且如此光辉,世尊怎么会不光辉呢?因为他已完全离贪、瞋、痴。」便获得以佛为所缘的喜,增长观,证得了阿罗汉果。

So kirāyasmā mārena nimmitaṃ buddharūpaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāva sarāgadosamoho evaṃ sobhati, kathaṃ nu kho bhagavā na sobhati, so hi sabbaso vītarāgadosamoho’’ti buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ paṭilabhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.
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如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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于定的修习之部,

Samādhibhāvanādhikāre
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名为〈六随念的解说〉的

Chaanussatiniddeso nāma
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第七章[终]。

Sattamo paricchedo.