快乐巴利palinanda.cc

长部第27经 · 起世因本经 Aggaññasuttaṃ

本经目录四、起世因本经(Aggaññasutta)四种姓的清净地味的出现日月等的出现地饼的出现蔓藤的出现不耕而熟的粳米的出现女根与男根的出现淫欲法的行持粳米的分配大共许王婆罗门众吠舍众首陀罗众恶行等之说菩提分的修习

111PTS 3.80缅 3.66已对照

四、起世因本经(Aggaññasutta)

婆私吒与婆罗堕婆阇

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园(Pubbārāma)的鹿子母讲堂(Migāramātupāsāda)。当时,婆私吒(Vāseṭṭha)与婆罗堕婆阇(Bhāradvāja)正在诸比丘中别住(parivasati),希求比丘的身份。那时,世尊在傍晚时分从宴默中起来,从讲堂下来,在讲堂的背阴处、露地经行。

111. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā bhikkhūsu parivasanti bhikkhubhāvaṃ ākaṅkhamānā. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito pāsādā orohitvā pāsādapacchāyāyaṃ [pāsādacchāyāyaṃ (ka.)] abbhokāse caṅkamati.
112已对照

婆私吒看见世尊在傍晚时分从宴默中起来、从讲堂下来、在讲堂的背阴处露地经行。看见之后,便告诉婆罗堕婆阇:“贤友婆罗堕婆阇,世尊在傍晚时分从宴默中起来,从讲堂下来,正在讲堂的背阴处露地经行。贤友婆罗堕婆阇,我们走吧,前往世尊之处;或许我们能有机会从世尊那里听闻法谈。”婆罗堕婆阇应诺婆私吒:“是的,贤友。”

112. Addasā kho vāseṭṭho bhagavantaṃ sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhitaṃ pāsādā orohitvā pāsādapacchāyāyaṃ abbhokāse caṅkamantaṃ. Disvāna bhāradvājaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, āvuso bhāradvāja, bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito pāsādā orohitvā pāsādapacchāyāyaṃ abbhokāse caṅkamati. Āyāmāvuso bhāradvāja, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; appeva nāma labheyyāma bhagavato santikā [sammukhā (syā. ka.)] dhammiṃ kathaṃ savanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho bhāradvājo vāseṭṭhassa paccassosi.
113PTS 3.81缅 3.67已对照

于是婆私吒与婆罗堕婆阇前往世尊之处;到了之后礼敬世尊,随着经行的世尊一同经行。那时世尊对婆私吒说:“婆私吒,你们是婆罗门种、婆罗门族,从婆罗门家出家、成为无家者;婆私吒,诸婆罗门不骂詈你们、不诽谤你们吗?”“尊者,诸婆罗门确实骂詈我们、诽谤我们,用的是合乎他们身份的诽谤,完完全全地[骂],并不欠缺。”“婆私吒,诸婆罗门是怎样用合乎他们身份的诽谤、完完全全地骂詈诽谤你们,并不欠缺的呢?”“尊者,诸婆罗门这样说:‘唯婆罗门是最胜的种姓,其余种姓卑劣;唯婆罗门是白净的种姓,其余种姓黑暗;唯婆罗门得清净,非婆罗门则不然;唯婆罗门是梵天的亲生子,从[梵天]口所生,梵所生、梵所化、梵的继承者。’‘而你们舍弃了最胜的种姓,去投靠卑劣的种姓,就是那些剃光头的沙门之流、雇工、黑者、从梵天足下所生之辈。这可不好,这不相称——你们竟舍弃最胜的种姓,去投靠卑劣的种姓,就是那些剃光头的沙门之流、雇工、黑者、从梵天足下所生之辈。’尊者,诸婆罗门就是这样用合乎他们身份的诽谤、完完全全地骂詈诽谤我们,并不欠缺的。”

113. Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ caṅkamantaṃ anucaṅkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā vāseṭṭhaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tumhe khvattha, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇajaccā brāhmaṇakulīnā brāhmaṇakulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, kacci vo, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇā na akkosanti na paribhāsantī’’ti? ‘‘Taggha no, bhante, brāhmaṇā akkosanti paribhāsanti attarūpāya paribhāsāya paripuṇṇāya, no aparipuṇṇāyā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana vo, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇā akkosanti paribhāsanti attarūpāya paribhāsāya paripuṇṇāya, no aparipuṇṇāyā’’ti? ‘‘Brāhmaṇā, bhante, evamāhaṃsu – ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā [hīno añño vaṇṇo (sī. pī. ma. ni. 2 madhurasutta)]. Brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā [kaṇho añño vaṇṇo (sī. pī. ma. ni. 2 madhurasutta)]. Brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā. Brāhmaṇāva [brāhmaṇā (syā.)] brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā. Te tumhe seṭṭhaṃ vaṇṇaṃ hitvā hīnamattha vaṇṇaṃ ajjhupagatā, yadidaṃ muṇḍake samaṇake ibbhe kaṇhe bandhupādāpacce. Tayidaṃ na sādhu, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yaṃ tumhe seṭṭhaṃ vaṇṇaṃ hitvā hīnamattha vaṇṇaṃ ajjhupagatā yadidaṃ muṇḍake samaṇake ibbhe kaṇhe bandhupādāpacce’ti. Evaṃ kho no, bhante, brāhmaṇā akkosanti paribhāsanti attarūpāya paribhāsāya paripuṇṇāya, no aparipuṇṇāyā’’ti.
114PTS 3.82已对照

“婆私吒,诸婆罗门确实是不忆念古昔[之事],才这样说的:‘唯婆罗门是最胜的种姓,其余种姓卑劣;唯婆罗门是白净的种姓,其余种姓黑暗;唯婆罗门得清净,非婆罗门则不然;唯婆罗门是梵天的亲生子,从[梵天]口所生,梵所生、梵所化、梵的继承者。’然而,婆私吒,可以看见诸婆罗门的婆罗门女也有月经、也怀孕、也生产、也哺乳。而那些婆罗门明明都是从[母]胎所生,却这样说:‘唯婆罗门是最胜的种姓,其余种姓卑劣;唯婆罗门是白净的种姓,其余种姓黑暗;唯婆罗门得清净,非婆罗门则不然;唯婆罗门是梵天的亲生子,从[梵天]口所生,梵所生、梵所化、梵的继承者。’他们既毁谤梵天,又说虚妄语,还生起许多非福。

114. ‘‘Taggha vo, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ assarantā evamāhaṃsu – ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. Dissanti kho pana, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇiyo utuniyopi gabbhiniyopi vijāyamānāpi pāyamānāpi. Te ca brāhmaṇā yonijāva samānā evamāhaṃsu – ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. Te [te ca (syā. ka.)] brahmānañceva abbhācikkhanti, musā ca bhāsanti, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavanti.
Catuvaṇṇasuddhi
115PTS 3.83缅 3.68已对照

四种姓的清净

“婆私吒,有这四种姓:刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗。婆私吒,在此,也有刹帝利杀生、不与取、欲邪行、说虚妄语、说离间语、说粗恶语、说杂秽语、心怀贪欲、心怀瞋恚、持邪见。婆私吒,如是,凡这些不善的、被认为是不善的,有罪的、被认为是有罪的,不应习近的、被认为是不应习近的,不足以成为圣的、被认为不足以成为圣的,黑的、有黑果报的、为智者所呵责的法,在此也见于某些刹帝利。婆私吒,婆罗门也是这样……乃至……吠舍也是这样……乃至……婆私吒,在此,也有首陀罗杀生、不与取、欲邪行、说虚妄语、说离间语、说粗恶语、说杂秽语、心怀贪欲、心怀瞋恚、持邪见。婆私吒,如是,凡这些不善的、被认为是不善的……乃至……黑的、有黑果报的、为智者所呵责的法,在此也见于某些首陀罗。“婆私吒,在此,也有刹帝利远离杀生、远离不与取、远离欲邪行、远离虚妄语、远离离间语、远离粗恶语、远离杂秽语,不怀贪欲、心无瞋恚、持正见。婆私吒,如是,凡这些善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、有白果报的、为智者所称赞的法,在此也见于某些刹帝利。婆私吒,婆罗门也是这样……乃至……吠舍也是这样……乃至……婆私吒,在此,也有首陀罗远离杀生……乃至……不怀贪欲、心无瞋恚、持正见。婆私吒,如是,凡这些善的、被认为是善的,无罪的、被认为是无罪的,应习近的、被认为是应习近的,足以成为圣的、被认为足以成为圣的,白的、有白果报的、为智者所称赞的法,在此也见于某些首陀罗。

115. ‘‘Cattārome, vāseṭṭha, vaṇṇā – khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā. Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, idhekacco pāṇātipātī hoti adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhī. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, yeme dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā naalamariyā naalamariyasaṅkhātā kaṇhā kaṇhavipākā viññugarahitā, khattiyepi te [kho vāseṭṭha (ka.)] idhekacce sandissanti. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha, idhekacco pāṇātipātī hoti adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhī. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, yeme dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā…pe… kaṇhā kaṇhavipākā viññugarahitā; suddepi te idhekacce sandissanti.
‘‘Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, idhekacco pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato, samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto, sammādiṭṭhī. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, yeme dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā sukkā sukkavipākā viññuppasatthā, khattiyepi te idhekacce sandissanti. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha, idhekacco pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… anabhijjhālu, abyāpannacitto, sammādiṭṭhī. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, yeme dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā sukkā sukkavipākā viññuppasatthā; suddepi te idhekacce sandissanti.
116已对照

“婆私吒,这四种姓中既然如此二者杂陈——黑白两类法俱在,既有为智者所呵责的,也有为智者所称赞的——那么此中诸婆罗门所说的:‘唯婆罗门是最胜的种姓,其余种姓卑劣;唯婆罗门是白净的种姓,其余种姓黑暗;唯婆罗门得清净,非婆罗门则不然;唯婆罗门是梵天的亲生子,从[梵天]口所生,梵所生、梵所化、梵的继承者。’诸智者并不认可他们[这话]。那是什么缘故呢?婆私吒,因为这四种姓中,凡成为比丘而是阿罗汉、诸漏已尽、[梵行]已立、所作已办、重担已卸、己利已达、有结已尽、以正智解脱者,他便被说为其中的最上者——是依法而说,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

116. ‘‘Imesu kho, vāseṭṭha, catūsu vaṇṇesu evaṃ ubhayavokiṇṇesu vattamānesu kaṇhasukkesu dhammesu viññugarahitesu ceva viññuppasatthesu ca yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. Taṃ tesaṃ viññū nānujānanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imesañhi, vāseṭṭha, catunnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ yo hoti bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññāvimutto, so nesaṃ aggamakkhāyati dhammeneva, no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
117PTS 3.84缅 3.69已对照

“婆私吒,还可以由这一途径了知:法确是于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。“婆私吒,憍萨罗国王波斯匿知道:‘沙门乔达摩是从毗邻的释迦族出家的。’婆私吒,而释迦族是憍萨罗国王波斯匿的附从者。婆私吒,释迦族对憍萨罗国王波斯匿行卑下之礼、敬礼、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。婆私吒,如是,释迦族对憍萨罗国王波斯匿所行的卑下之礼、敬礼、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业,憍萨罗国王波斯匿也同样对如来行卑下之礼、敬礼、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业;他并不[这样想]:‘沙门乔达摩生得好,我生得不好;沙门乔达摩有力,我无力;沙门乔达摩端严,我容色丑陋;沙门乔达摩有大权势,我权势微小。’而是唯恭敬法、尊重法、敬重法、供养法、礼敬法,憍萨罗国王波斯匿才这样对如来行卑下之礼、敬礼、起迎、合掌、恭敬之业。婆私吒,也可以由这一途径了知:法确是于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

117. ‘‘Tadamināpetaṃ, vāseṭṭha, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ, yathā dhammova seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
‘‘Jānāti kho [kho pana (ka.)], vāseṭṭha, rājā pasenadi kosalo – ‘samaṇo gotamo anantarā [anuttaro (bahūsu)] sakyakulā pabbajito’ti. Sakyā kho pana, vāseṭṭha, rañño pasenadissa kosalassa anuyuttā [anantarā anuyantā (syā.), anantarā anuyuttā (ka.)] bhavanti. Karonti kho, vāseṭṭha, sakyā raññe pasenadimhi kosale nipaccakāraṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, yaṃ karonti sakyā raññe pasenadimhi kosale nipaccakāraṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ, karoti taṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo tathāgate nipaccakāraṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ, na naṃ [nanu (bahūsu)] ‘sujāto samaṇo gotamo, dujjātohamasmi. Balavā samaṇo gotamo, dubbalohamasmi. Pāsādiko samaṇo gotamo, dubbaṇṇohamasmi. Mahesakkho samaṇo gotamo, appesakkhohamasmī’ti. Atha kho naṃ dhammaṃyeva sakkaronto dhammaṃ garuṃ karonto dhammaṃ mānento dhammaṃ pūjento dhammaṃ apacāyamāno evaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo tathāgate nipaccakāraṃ karoti, abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ. Imināpi kho etaṃ, vāseṭṭha, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ, yathā dhammova seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
118已对照

“婆私吒,你们是种种生、种种名、种种姓、种种家,从家出家、成为无家者。被问‘你们是谁’时,你们自称‘我们是释迦子沙门’。婆私吒,凡是对如来的信已确立、已生根、已住立、坚固、不为沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天或世间任何人所能动摇者,他才适合说这样的话:‘我是世尊的亲生子,从[世尊]口所生,法所生、法所化、法的继承者。’那是什么缘故呢?婆私吒,因为这些正是如来的增语(adhivacana):‘法身’,‘梵身’,‘成为法者(dhammabhūta)’,‘成为梵者(brahmabhūta)’。

118. ‘‘Tumhe khvattha, vāseṭṭha, nānājaccā nānānāmā nānāgottā nānākulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā. ‘Ke tumhe’ti – puṭṭhā samānā ‘samaṇā sakyaputtiyāmhā’ti – paṭijānātha. Yassa kho panassa, vāseṭṭha, tathāgate saddhā niviṭṭhā mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā daḷhā asaṃhāriyā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, tassetaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘bhagavatomhi putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathāgatassa hetaṃ, vāseṭṭha, adhivacanaṃ ‘dhammakāyo’ itipi, ‘brahmakāyo’ itipi, ‘dhammabhūto’ itipi, ‘brahmabhūto’ itipi.
119PTS 3.85缅 3.70已对照

“婆私吒,有这样的时候:在某个时候,经过漫长的时期之后,这个世间坏灭。当世间坏灭时,众生大多转生到光音天(Ābhassara)。他们在那里由意所生(manomaya)、以喜为食(pītibhakkha)、自身发光、飞行于空中、住于净美之中,长久长时地住立。“婆私吒,又有这样的时候:在某个时候,经过漫长的时期之后,这个世间形成。当世间形成时,众生大多从光音天身死没,来到此[世]间。他们在这里也由意所生、以喜为食、自身发光、飞行于空中、住于净美之中,长久长时地住立。

119. ‘‘Hoti kho so, vāseṭṭha, samayo yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena ayaṃ loko saṃvaṭṭati. Saṃvaṭṭamāne loke yebhuyyena sattā ābhassarasaṃvattanikā honti. Te tattha honti manomayā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā subhaṭṭhāyino ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhanti.
‘‘Hoti kho so, vāseṭṭha, samayo yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena ayaṃ loko vivaṭṭati. Vivaṭṭamāne loke yebhuyyena sattā ābhassarakāyā cavitvā itthattaṃ āgacchanti. Tedha honti manomayā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā subhaṭṭhāyino ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhanti.
Rasapathavipātubhāvo
120已对照

地味的出现

“婆私吒,那时[世间]成为一片水,是黑暗,是幽暗的黑暗。月与日不显现,星宿星象不显现,昼与夜不显现,月与半月不显现,季与年不显现,女与男不显现;众生只被称为‘众生’而已。婆私吒,后来,在某个时候,经过漫长的时期之后,地味(rasapathavī)在水上铺展开来;犹如热乳冷却时上面结起一层薄膜一般,它便这样出现了。它色具足、香具足、味具足:色如上好的熟酥或上好的生酥,味如无杂的纯蜜(khuddamadhu aneḷaka)。婆私吒,那时有某个生性贪嘴的众生[想]:‘喂,这到底会是什么呢?’便以手指尝了地味。他以手指尝地味时,[地味]使他称心,渴爱便侵入他。婆私吒,其他众生也随学那个众生的所见,以手指尝了地味。他们以手指尝地味时,[地味]使他们称心,渴爱也侵入他们。

120. ‘‘Ekodakībhūtaṃ kho pana, vāseṭṭha, tena samayena hoti andhakāro andhakāratimisā. Na candimasūriyā paññāyanti, na nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni paññāyanti, na rattindivā paññāyanti, na māsaḍḍhamāsā paññāyanti, na utusaṃvaccharā paññāyanti, na itthipumā paññāyanti, sattā sattātveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti. Atha kho tesaṃ, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena rasapathavī udakasmiṃ samatani [samatāni (bahūsu)]; seyyathāpi nāma payaso tattassa [payatattassa (syā.)] nibbāyamānassa upari santānakaṃ hoti, evameva pāturahosi. Sā ahosi vaṇṇasampannā gandhasampannā rasasampannā, seyyathāpi nāma sampannaṃ vā sappi sampannaṃ vā navanītaṃ evaṃvaṇṇā ahosi. Seyyathāpi nāma khuddamadhuṃ [khuddaṃ madhuṃ (ka. sī.)] aneḷakaṃ [anelakaṃ (sī. pī.)], evamassādā ahosi. Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññataro satto lolajātiko – ‘ambho, kimevidaṃ bhavissatī’ti rasapathaviṃ aṅguliyā sāyi. Tassa rasapathaviṃ aṅguliyā sāyato acchādesi, taṇhā cassa okkami. Aññepi kho, vāseṭṭha, sattā tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamānā rasapathaviṃ aṅguliyā sāyiṃsu. Tesaṃ rasapathaviṃ aṅguliyā sāyataṃ acchādesi, taṇhā ca tesaṃ okkami.
Candimasūriyādipātubhāvo
121PTS 3.86缅 3.71已对照

日月等的出现

“婆私吒,那时那些众生便着手用手把地味掰成块来食用。婆私吒,自从那些众生着手用手把地味掰成块来食用之时起,他们的自身光明便隐没了。自身光明隐没之后,月与日出现了。月与日出现之后,星宿星象出现了。星宿星象出现之后,昼与夜显现了。昼与夜显现之后,月与半月显现了。月与半月显现之后,季与年显现了。婆私吒,到这个程度,这世间便又形成了。

121. ‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā rasapathaviṃ hatthehi āluppakārakaṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. Yato kho te [yato kho (sī. syā. pī.)], vāseṭṭha, sattā rasapathaviṃ hatthehi āluppakārakaṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. Atha tesaṃ sattānaṃ sayaṃpabhā antaradhāyi. Sayaṃpabhāya antarahitāya candimasūriyā pāturahesuṃ. Candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pāturahesuṃ. Nakkhattesu tārakarūpesu pātubhūtesu rattindivā paññāyiṃsu. Rattindivesu paññāyamānesu māsaḍḍhamāsā paññāyiṃsu. Māsaḍḍhamāsesu paññāyamānesu utusaṃvaccharā paññāyiṃsu. Ettāvatā kho, vāseṭṭha, ayaṃ loko puna vivaṭṭo hoti.
122已对照

“婆私吒,那时那些众生食用地味,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。婆私吒,那些众生食用地味、以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立,随其如此,他们身上便生起粗硬,容色的美丑差别也显现了。有些众生容色美好,有些众生容色丑陋。其中那些容色美好的众生轻蔑容色丑陋的众生:‘我们的容色胜过他们,他们的容色不如我们。’由于他们以容色而起过慢,成为具慢与过慢者,地味便隐没了。地味隐没之后,他们集会;集会之后哀叹:‘啊,那味!啊,那味!’如今的人们得到某种美味时也这样说:‘啊,那味!啊,那味!’——他们只是随顺那古老的本初语词(porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ),却不了知它的意义。

122. ‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā [tabbhakkhā (syā.)] tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Yathā yathā kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ (rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantānaṃ) [( ) sī. syā. pī. potthakesu natthi] kharattañceva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇavevaṇṇatā [vaṇṇavevajjatā (ṭīkā)] ca paññāyittha. Ekidaṃ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ekidaṃ sattā dubbaṇṇā. Tattha ye te sattā vaṇṇavanto, te dubbaṇṇe satte atimaññanti – ‘mayametehi vaṇṇavantatarā, amhehete dubbaṇṇatarā’ti. Tesaṃ vaṇṇātimānapaccayā mānātimānajātikānaṃ rasapathavī antaradhāyi. Rasāya pathaviyā antarahitāya sannipatiṃsu. Sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu – ‘aho rasaṃ, aho rasa’nti! Tadetarahipi manussā kañcideva surasaṃ [sādhurasaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] labhitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘aho rasaṃ, aho rasa’nti! Tadeva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anusaranti, na tvevassa atthaṃ ājānanti.
Bhūmipappaṭakapātubhāvo
123PTS 3.87缅 3.72已对照

地饼的出现

“婆私吒,那时,在那些众生的地味隐没之后,地饼(bhūmipappaṭaka)出现了。犹如菌蕈(ahicchattaka)一般,它便这样出现了。它色具足、香具足、味具足:色如上好的熟酥或上好的生酥,味如无杂的纯蜜(khuddamadhu aneḷaka)。“婆私吒,那时那些众生便着手食用地饼。他们食用它,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。婆私吒,那些众生食用地饼、以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立,随其如此,他们身上更加生起粗硬,容色的美丑差别也显现了。有些众生容色美好,有些众生容色丑陋。其中那些容色美好的众生轻蔑容色丑陋的众生:‘我们的容色胜过他们,他们的容色不如我们。’由于他们以容色而起过慢,成为具慢与过慢者,地饼便隐没了。

123. ‘‘Atha kho tesaṃ, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ rasāya pathaviyā antarahitāya bhūmipappaṭako pāturahosi. Seyyathāpi nāma ahicchattako, evameva pāturahosi. So ahosi vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno, seyyathāpi nāma sampannaṃ vā sappi sampannaṃ vā navanītaṃ evaṃvaṇṇo ahosi. Seyyathāpi nāma khuddamadhuṃ aneḷakaṃ, evamassādo ahosi.
‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā bhūmipappaṭakaṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. Te taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Yathā yathā kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā bhūmipappaṭakaṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ bhiyyoso mattāya kharattañceva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇavevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha. Ekidaṃ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ekidaṃ sattā dubbaṇṇā. Tattha ye te sattā vaṇṇavanto, te dubbaṇṇe satte atimaññanti – ‘mayametehi vaṇṇavantatarā, amhehete dubbaṇṇatarā’ti. Tesaṃ vaṇṇātimānapaccayā mānātimānajātikānaṃ bhūmipappaṭako antaradhāyi.
Padālatāpātubhāvo
124PTS 3.88缅 3.73已对照

蔓藤的出现

“婆私吒,地饼隐没之后,蔓藤(padālatā)出现了。犹如迦蓝婆迦(kalambukā,一种蔓草)一般,它便这样出现了。它色具足、香具足、味具足:色如上好的熟酥或上好的生酥,味如无杂的纯蜜(khuddamadhu aneḷaka)。“婆私吒,那时那些众生便着手食用蔓藤。他们食用它,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。婆私吒,那些众生食用蔓藤、以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立,随其如此,他们身上更加生起粗硬,容色的美丑差别也显现了。有些众生容色美好,有些众生容色丑陋。其中那些容色美好的众生轻蔑容色丑陋的众生:‘我们的容色胜过他们,他们的容色不如我们。’由于他们以容色而起过慢,成为具慢与过慢者,蔓藤便隐没了。“蔓藤隐没之后,他们集会;集会之后哀叹:‘我们曾有过啊!我们的蔓藤已失去了啊!’如今的人们被某种苦法所触时也这样说:‘我们曾有过啊![如今]已失去了啊!’——他们只是随顺那古老的本初语词,却不了知它的意义。

124. ‘‘Bhūmipappaṭake antarahite padālatā [saddālatā (sī.)] pāturahosi, seyyathāpi nāma kalambukā [kalambakā (syā.)], evameva pāturahosi. Sā ahosi vaṇṇasampannā gandhasampannā rasasampannā, seyyathāpi nāma sampannaṃ vā sappi sampannaṃ vā navanītaṃ evaṃvaṇṇā ahosi. Seyyathāpi nāma khuddamadhuṃ aneḷakaṃ, evamassādā ahosi.
‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā padālataṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. Te taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Yathā yathā kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā padālataṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ bhiyyosomattāya kharattañceva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇavevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha. Ekidaṃ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ekidaṃ sattā dubbaṇṇā. Tattha ye te sattā vaṇṇavanto, te dubbaṇṇe satte atimaññanti – ‘mayametehi vaṇṇavantatarā, amhehete dubbaṇṇatarā’ti. Tesaṃ vaṇṇātimānapaccayā mānātimānajātikānaṃ padālatā antaradhāyi.
‘‘Padālatāya antarahitāya sannipatiṃsu. Sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu – ‘ahu vata no, ahāyi vata no padālatā’ti! Tadetarahipi manussā kenaci [kenacideva (sī. syā. pī.)] dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ahu vata no, ahāyi vata no’ti! Tadeva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anusaranti, na tvevassa atthaṃ ājānanti.
Akaṭṭhapākasālipātubhāvo
125已对照

不耕而熟的粳米的出现

“婆私吒,那时,在那些众生的蔓藤隐没之后,不耕而熟的粳米(akaṭṭhapāka sāli)出现了:无糠、无壳、洁净、芳香、以米粒为果。傍晚为晚餐取来的,早晨便已成熟长回;早晨为早餐取来的,傍晚便已成熟长回,看不出割取的痕迹。婆私吒,那时那些众生食用不耕而熟的粳米,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。

125. ‘‘Atha kho tesaṃ, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ padālatāya antarahitāya akaṭṭhapāko sāli pāturahosi akaṇo athuso suddho sugandho taṇḍulapphalo. Yaṃ taṃ sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya āharanti, pāto taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ. Yaṃ taṃ pāto pātarāsāya āharanti, sāyaṃ taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ; nāpadānaṃ paññāyati. Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā akaṭṭhapākaṃ sāliṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu.
Itthipurisaliṅgapātubhāvo
126PTS 3.89已对照

女根与男根的出现

“婆私吒,那些众生食用不耕而熟的粳米、以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立,随其如此,他们身上更加生起粗硬,容色的美丑差别也显现了;并且女人身上出现了女根,男人身上出现了男根。女人过度地凝视男人,男人也过度地凝视女人。他们彼此过度凝视时,欲染生起,热恼侵入身中。他们因热恼之缘而行了淫欲法。“婆私吒,当时那些众生看见[有人]行淫欲法,有的撒尘土,有的撒灰,有的撒牛粪:‘不净者,灭去吧!不净者,灭去吧!’‘众生怎么能对众生做出这样的事呢!’如今在有些地方,人们于新娘被迎娶送去时,也有的撒尘土,有的撒灰,有的撒牛粪——他们只是随顺那古老的本初语词,却不了知它的意义。

126. ‘‘Yathā yathā kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā akaṭṭhapākaṃ sāliṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ bhiyyosomattāya kharattañceva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇavevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha, itthiyā ca itthiliṅgaṃ pāturahosi purisassa ca purisaliṅgaṃ. Itthī ca purisaṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyati puriso ca itthiṃ. Tesaṃ ativelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyataṃ sārāgo udapādi, pariḷāho kāyasmiṃ okkami. Te pariḷāhapaccayā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseviṃsu.
‘‘Ye kho pana te, vāseṭṭha, tena samayena sattā passanti methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevante, aññe paṃsuṃ khipanti, aññe seṭṭhiṃ khipanti, aññe gomayaṃ khipanti – ‘nassa asuci [vasali (syā.), vasalī (ka.)], nassa asucī’ti. ‘Kathañhi nāma satto sattassa evarūpaṃ karissatī’ti! Tadetarahipi manussā ekaccesu janapadesu vadhuyā nibbuyhamānāya [nivayhamānāya, niggayhamānāya (ka.)] aññe paṃsuṃ khipanti, aññe seṭṭhiṃ khipanti, aññe gomayaṃ khipanti. Tadeva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anusaranti, na tvevassa atthaṃ ājānanti.
Methunadhammasamācāro
127PTS 3.90缅 3.74已对照

淫欲法的行持

“婆私吒,那时被视为非法的,如今却被视为如法。婆私吒,那时凡行淫欲法的众生,一个月乃至两个月都不得进入村落或市镇。婆私吒,自从那些众生于那非正法过度耽溺以来,他们便着手建造房舍,为的正是遮蔽那非正法。婆私吒,那时有某个生性懒惰的众生这样想:‘喂,我何必这样劳苦——傍晚为晚餐、早晨为早餐地去取粳米呢!我何不一次就把晚餐与早餐的粳米都取来呢!’“婆私吒,于是那个众生一次就取来了晚餐与早餐的粳米。婆私吒,那时另有某个众生前往那个众生之处;到了之后对那个众生这样说:‘来吧,众生贤友,我们去取粳米。’‘不必了,众生贤友,我已经一次把晚餐与早餐的粳米都取来了。’婆私吒,于是那个众生随学那个众生的所见,一次就取来了够两日的粳米:‘朋友,这样似乎也好。’“婆私吒,那时另有某个众生前往那个众生之处;到了之后对那个众生这样说:‘来吧,众生贤友,我们去取粳米。’‘不必了,众生贤友,我已经一次把够两日的粳米都取来了。’婆私吒,于是那个众生随学那个众生的所见,一次就取来了够四日的粳米:‘朋友,这样似乎也好。’“婆私吒,那时另有某个众生前往那个众生之处;到了之后对那个众生这样说:‘来吧,众生贤友,我们去取粳米。’‘不必了,众生贤友,我已经一次把够四日的粳米都取来了。’婆私吒,于是那个众生随学那个众生的所见,一次就取来了够八日的粳米:‘朋友,这样似乎也好。’“婆私吒,自从那些众生着手储积粳米而食用以来,糠便裹住了米粒,壳也裹住了米粒;割过的地方不再长回,出现了割取的痕迹,粳米便一丛一丛地立着。

127. ‘‘Adhammasammataṃ kho pana [adhammasammataṃ taṃ kho pana (syā.), adhammasammataṃ kho pana taṃ (?)], vāseṭṭha, tena samayena hoti, tadetarahi dhammasammataṃ. Ye kho pana, vāseṭṭha, tena samayena sattā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanti, te māsampi dvemāsampi na labhanti gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā pavisituṃ. Yato kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā tasmiṃ asaddhamme ativelaṃ pātabyataṃ āpajjiṃsu. Atha agārāni upakkamiṃsu kātuṃ tasseva asaddhammassa paṭicchādanatthaṃ. Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññatarassa sattassa alasajātikassa etadahosi – ‘ambho, kimevāhaṃ vihaññāmi sāliṃ āharanto sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya pāto pātarāsāya! Yaṃnūnāhaṃ sāliṃ āhareyyaṃ sakiṃdeva [sakiṃdeva (ka.)] sāyapātarāsāyā’ti!
‘‘Atha kho so, vāseṭṭha, satto sāliṃ āhāsi sakiṃdeva sāyapātarāsāya. Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññataro satto yena so satto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etadavoca – ‘ehi, bho satta, sālāhāraṃ gamissāmā’ti. ‘Alaṃ, bho satta, āhato [āhaṭo (syā.)] me sāli sakiṃdeva sāyapātarāsāyā’ti. Atha kho so, vāseṭṭha, satto tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakiṃdeva dvīhāya. ‘Evampi kira, bho, sādhū’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññataro satto yena so satto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etadavoca – ‘ehi, bho satta, sālāhāraṃ gamissāmā’ti. ‘Alaṃ, bho satta, āhato me sāli sakiṃdeva dvīhāyā’ti. Atha kho so, vāseṭṭha, satto tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakiṃdeva catūhāya, ‘evampi kira, bho, sādhū’ti.
‘‘Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññataro satto yena so satto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etadavoca – ‘ehi, bho satta, sālāhāraṃ gamissāmā’ti. ‘Alaṃ, bho satta, āhato me sāli sakideva catūhāyā’ti. Atha kho so, vāseṭṭha, satto tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakideva aṭṭhāhāya, ‘evampi kira, bho, sādhū’ti.
‘‘Yato kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā sannidhikārakaṃ sāliṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. Atha kaṇopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi; lūnampi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ, apadānaṃ paññāyittha, saṇḍasaṇḍā sālayo aṭṭhaṃsu.
Sālivibhāgo
128PTS 3.92缅 3.76已对照

粳米的分配

“婆私吒,那时那些众生集会;集会之后哀叹:‘诸位,恶法确实已在众生中出现了!我们从前是由意所生、以喜为食、自身发光、飞行于空中、住于净美之中,长久长时地住立。而在我们这些[众生],于某个时候,经过漫长的时期之后,地味在水上铺展开来;它色具足、香具足、味具足。我们便着手用手把地味掰成块来食用;当我们着手用手把地味掰成块来食用时,我们的自身光明便隐没了。自身光明隐没之后,月与日出现了;月与日出现之后,星宿星象出现了;星宿星象出现之后,昼与夜显现了;昼与夜显现之后,月与半月显现了;月与半月显现之后,季与年显现了。我们食用地味,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。正由于我们出现了那些恶不善法,地味便隐没了。地味隐没之后,地饼出现了;它色具足、香具足、味具足。我们便着手食用地饼。我们食用它,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。正由于我们出现了那些恶不善法,地饼便隐没了。地饼隐没之后,蔓藤出现了;它色具足、香具足、味具足。我们便着手食用蔓藤。我们食用它,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。正由于我们出现了那些恶不善法,蔓藤便隐没了。蔓藤隐没之后,不耕而熟的粳米出现了:无糠、无壳、洁净、芳香、以米粒为果。傍晚为晚餐取来的,早晨便已成熟长回;早晨为早餐取来的,傍晚便已成熟长回,看不出割取的痕迹。我们食用不耕而熟的粳米,以之为食、以之为食物,长久长时地住立。正由于我们出现了那些恶不善法,糠便裹住了米粒,壳也裹住了米粒;割过的地方不再长回,出现了割取的痕迹,粳米便一丛一丛地立着。我们何不分配粳米、划定田界呢!’婆私吒,于是那些众生分配了粳米,划定了田界。

128. ‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā sannipatiṃsu, sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu – ‘pāpakā vata, bho, dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā. Mayañhi pubbe manomayā ahumhā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā subhaṭṭhāyino, ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. Tesaṃ no amhākaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena rasapathavī udakasmiṃ samatani. Sā ahosi vaṇṇasampannā gandhasampannā rasasampannā. Te mayaṃ rasapathaviṃ hatthehi āluppakārakaṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ, tesaṃ no rasapathaviṃ hatthehi āluppakārakaṃ upakkamataṃ paribhuñjituṃ sayaṃpabhā antaradhāyi. Sayaṃpabhāya antarahitāya candimasūriyā pāturahesuṃ, candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pāturahesuṃ, nakkhattesu tārakarūpesu pātubhūtesu rattindivā paññāyiṃsu, rattindivesu paññāyamānesu māsaḍḍhamāsā paññāyiṃsu. Māsaḍḍhamāsesu paññāyamānesu utusaṃvaccharā paññāyiṃsu. Te mayaṃ rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. Tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā rasapathavī antaradhāyi. Rasapathaviyā antarahitāya bhūmipappaṭako pāturahosi. So ahosi vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno. Te mayaṃ bhūmipappaṭakaṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ. Te mayaṃ taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. Tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā bhūmipappaṭako antaradhāyi. Bhūmipappaṭake antarahite padālatā pāturahosi. Sā ahosi vaṇṇasampannā gandhasampannā rasasampannā. Te mayaṃ padālataṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ. Te mayaṃ taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. Tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā padālatā antaradhāyi. Padālatāya antarahitāya akaṭṭhapāko sāli pāturahosi akaṇo athuso suddho sugandho taṇḍulapphalo. Yaṃ taṃ sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya āharāma, pāto taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ. Yaṃ taṃ pāto pātarāsāya āharāma, sāyaṃ taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ. Nāpadānaṃ paññāyittha. Te mayaṃ akaṭṭhapākaṃ sāliṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. Tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā kaṇopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, lūnampi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ, apadānaṃ paññāyittha, saṇḍasaṇḍā sālayo ṭhitā. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ sāliṃ vibhajeyyāma, mariyādaṃ ṭhapeyyāmā’ti! Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā sāliṃ vibhajiṃsu, mariyādaṃ ṭhapesuṃ.
129已对照

“婆私吒,那时有某个生性贪嘴的众生,一面守护着自己那一份,一面取了他人所不与的另一份而食用。人们把他捉住;捉住之后这样说:‘众生啊,你做的可是恶事——你竟一面守护着自己那一份,一面取了他人所不与的另一份而食用!众生啊,不要再做这样的事了。’婆私吒,那个众生应诺那些众生:‘好的,诸位。’婆私吒,那个众生第二次……乃至……婆私吒,那个众生第三次又一面守护着自己那一份,一面取了他人所不与的另一份而食用。人们把他捉住;捉住之后这样说:‘众生啊,你做的可是恶事——你竟一面守护着自己那一份,一面取了他人所不与的另一份而食用!众生啊,不要再做这样的事了。’有的以手打他,有的以土块打他,有的以杖打他。婆私吒,从此以后,不与取便显现了,呵责显现了,虚妄语显现了,执杖显现了。

129. ‘‘Atha kho, vāseṭṭha, aññataro satto lolajātiko sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ [aññassa (?)] bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñji. Tamenaṃ aggahesuṃ, gahetvā etadavocuṃ – ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho satta, karosi, yatra hi nāma sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñjasi. Māssu, bho satta, punapi evarūpamakāsī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bho’ti kho, vāseṭṭha, so satto tesaṃ sattānaṃ paccassosi. Dutiyampi kho, vāseṭṭha, so satto…pe… tatiyampi kho, vāseṭṭha, so satto sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñji. Tamenaṃ aggahesuṃ, gahetvā etadavocuṃ – ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho satta, karosi, yatra hi nāma sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñjasi. Māssu, bho satta, punapi evarūpamakāsī’ti. Aññe pāṇinā pahariṃsu, aññe leḍḍunā pahariṃsu, aññe daṇḍena pahariṃsu. Tadagge kho, vāseṭṭha, adinnādānaṃ paññāyati, garahā paññāyati, musāvādo paññāyati, daṇḍādānaṃ paññāyati.
Mahāsammatarājā
130PTS 3.93缅 3.77已对照

大共许王

“婆私吒,那时那些众生集会;集会之后哀叹:‘诸位,恶法确实已在众生中出现了!以致将有不与取显现,将有呵责显现,将有虚妄语显现,将有执杖显现。我们何不共举一位众生,让他对应当正当非难者非难,对应当正当呵责者呵责,对应当正当驱摈者驱摈呢?我们则把粳米的一份分给他。’“婆私吒,于是那些众生前往他们之中容貌较端正、较可观、较可喜、较有威势的那位众生之处,对那位众生这样说:‘来吧,众生啊,请你对应当正当非难者非难,对应当正当呵责者呵责,对应当正当驱摈者驱摈;我们则把粳米的一份分给你。’婆私吒,那位众生应诺那些众生:‘好的,诸位。’便对应当正当非难者非难,对应当正当呵责者呵责,对应当正当驱摈者驱摈。而他们也把粳米的一份分给了他。

130. ‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā sannipatiṃsu, sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu – ‘pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, yatra hi nāma adinnādānaṃ paññāyissati, garahā paññāyissati, musāvādo paññāyissati, daṇḍādānaṃ paññāyissati. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekaṃ sattaṃ sammanneyyāma, yo no sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīyeyya, sammā garahitabbaṃ garaheyya, sammā pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājeyya. Mayaṃ panassa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā’ti.
‘‘Atha kho te, vāseṭṭha, sattā yo nesaṃ satto abhirūpataro ca dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro ca mahesakkhataro ca taṃ sattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘ehi, bho satta, sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīya, sammā garahitabbaṃ garaha, sammā pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājehi. Mayaṃ pana te sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bho’ti kho, vāseṭṭha, so satto tesaṃ sattānaṃ paṭissuṇitvā sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīyi, sammā garahitabbaṃ garahi, sammā pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājesi. Te panassa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadaṃsu.
131已对照

“婆私吒,‘为大众所共许(mahājanasammata)’,故‘大共许、大共许(Mahāsammata)’这第一个语词便生起了。婆私吒,‘诸田之主(khettānaṃ adhipati)’,故‘刹帝利、刹帝利(khattiya)’这第二个语词便生起了。婆私吒,‘以法令他人欢悦(dhammena pare rañjeti)’,故‘王、王(rājā)’这第三个语词便生起了。婆私吒,如是,这刹帝利众(khattiyamaṇḍala)的生起,正是依那古老的本初语词而来,[生]于那些众生自身,不于他者;于同类,不于异类;依法,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

131. ‘‘Mahājanasammatoti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘mahāsammato, mahāsammato’ tveva paṭhamaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Khettānaṃ adhipatīti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘khattiyo, khattiyo’ tveva dutiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Dhammena pare rañjetīti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘rājā, rājā’ tveva tatiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, evametassa khattiyamaṇḍalassa porāṇena aggaññena akkharena abhinibbatti ahosi tesaṃyeva sattānaṃ, anaññesaṃ. Sadisānaṃyeva, no asadisānaṃ. Dhammeneva, no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
Brāhmaṇamaṇḍalaṃ
132PTS 3.95缅 3.78已对照

婆罗门众

“婆私吒,那时,正是那些众生中有一些这样想:‘诸位,恶法确实已在众生中出现了!以致将有不与取显现,将有呵责显现,将有虚妄语显现,将有执杖显现,将有驱摈显现。我们何不屏除诸恶不善法呢?’他们便屏除了诸恶不善法。婆私吒,‘屏除(vāhenti)诸恶不善法’,故‘婆罗门、婆罗门(brāhmaṇa)’这第一个语词便生起了。他们在林野处造起叶舍,在叶舍中禅修,无炭火、无烟、放下杵臼,傍晚为晚餐、早晨为早餐地下到村落、市镇、王都寻求食物。他们得到食物之后,又回到林野处的叶舍中禅修。人们看见他们便这样说:‘诸位,这些众生在林野处造起叶舍,在叶舍中禅修,无炭火、无烟、放下杵臼,傍晚为晚餐、早晨为早餐地下到村落、市镇、王都寻求食物;他们得到食物之后,又回到林野处的叶舍中禅修。’婆私吒,‘禅修(jhāyanti)’,故‘修禅者、修禅者(jhāyaka)’这第二个语词便生起了。婆私吒,正是那些众生中有一些众生,在林野处的叶舍中不能成就那禅,便下到村边、镇边,造作典籍(gantha)而住。人们看见他们便这样说:‘诸位,这些众生在林野处的叶舍中不能成就那禅,便下到村边、镇边,造作典籍而住;如今这些人不禅修了。’婆私吒,‘如今这些人不禅修了(na dānime jhāyanti)’,故‘不修禅者、不修禅者(ajjhāyaka,后世转为「诵习[吠陀]者」)’这第三个语词便生起了。婆私吒,[这一名]在当时被视为卑下,如今却被视为最胜。婆私吒,如是,这婆罗门众的生起,正是依那古老的本初语词而来,[生]于那些众生自身,不于他者;于同类,不于异类;依法,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

132. ‘‘Atha kho tesaṃ, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃyeva [tesaṃ yeva kho vāseṭṭha sattānaṃ (sī. pī.)] ekaccānaṃ etadahosi – ‘pāpakā vata, bho, dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, yatra hi nāma adinnādānaṃ paññāyissati, garahā paññāyissati, musāvādo paññāyissati, daṇḍādānaṃ paññāyissati, pabbājanaṃ paññāyissati. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ pāpake akusale dhamme vāheyyāmā’ti. Te pāpake akusale dhamme vāhesuṃ. Pāpake akusale dhamme vāhentīti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘brāhmaṇā, brāhmaṇā’ tveva paṭhamaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Te araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭiyo karitvā paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti vītaṅgārā vītadhūmā pannamusalā sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya pāto pātarāsāya gāmanigamarājadhāniyo osaranti ghāsamesamānā [ghāsamesanā (sī. syā. pī.)]. Te ghāsaṃ paṭilabhitvā punadeva araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti. Tamenaṃ manussā disvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ime kho, bho, sattā araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭiyo karitvā paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti, vītaṅgārā vītadhūmā pannamusalā sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya pāto pātarāsāya gāmanigamarājadhāniyo osaranti ghāsamesamānā. Te ghāsaṃ paṭilabhitvā punadeva araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyantī’ti, jhāyantīti kho [paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti jhāyantīti kho (sī. pī.), paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyantīti kho (ka.)], vāseṭṭha, ‘jhāyakā, jhāyakā’ tveva dutiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Tesaṃyeva kho, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ ekacce sattā araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu taṃ jhānaṃ anabhisambhuṇamānā [anabhisaṃbhūnamānā (katthaci)] gāmasāmantaṃ nigamasāmantaṃ osaritvā ganthe karontā acchanti. Tamenaṃ manussā disvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ime kho, bho, sattā araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu taṃ jhānaṃ anabhisambhuṇamānā gāmasāmantaṃ nigamasāmantaṃ osaritvā ganthe karontā acchanti, na dānime jhāyantī’ti. Na dānime [na dānime jhāyantī na dānime (sī. pī. ka.)] jhāyantīti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘ajjhāyakā ajjhāyakā’ tveva tatiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Hīnasammataṃ kho pana, vāseṭṭha, tena samayena hoti, tadetarahi seṭṭhasammataṃ. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, evametassa brāhmaṇamaṇḍalassa porāṇena aggaññena akkharena abhinibbatti ahosi tesaṃyeva sattānaṃ, anaññesaṃ sadisānaṃyeva no asadisānaṃ dhammeneva, no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
Vessamaṇḍalaṃ
133缅 3.79已对照

吠舍众

“婆私吒,正是那些众生中有一些众生,受持淫欲法而经营种种事业。婆私吒,‘受持淫欲法而经营种种事业(visukammante payojenti)’,故‘吠舍、吠舍(vessa)’这个语词便生起了。婆私吒,如是,这吠舍众的生起,正是依那古老的本初语词而来,[生]于那些众生自身,不于他者;于同类,不于异类;依法,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

133. ‘‘Tesaṃyeva kho, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ ekacce sattā methunaṃ dhammaṃ samādāya visukammante [vissutakammante (sī. pī.), vissukammante (ka. sī.), visuṃ kammante (syā. ka.)] payojesuṃ. Methunaṃ dhammaṃ samādāya visukammante payojentīti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘vessā, vessā’ tveva akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, evametassa vessamaṇḍalassa porāṇena aggaññena akkharena abhinibbatti ahosi tesaññeva sattānaṃ anaññesaṃ sadisānaṃyeva, no asadisānaṃ, dhammeneva no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
Suddamaṇḍalaṃ
134已对照

首陀罗众

“婆私吒,正是那些众生中其余的那些众生,成了行凶暴者、行卑微者。婆私吒,‘行凶暴、行卑微(luddācārā khuddācārā)’,故‘首陀罗、首陀罗(sudda)’这个语词便生起了。婆私吒,如是,这首陀罗众的生起,正是依那古老的本初语词而来,[生]于那些众生自身,不于他者;于同类,不于异类;依法,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

134. ‘‘Tesaññeva kho, vāseṭṭha, sattānaṃ ye te sattā avasesā te luddācārā khuddācārā ahesuṃ. Luddācārā khuddācārāti kho, vāseṭṭha, ‘suddā, suddā’ tveva akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. Iti kho, vāseṭṭha, evametassa suddamaṇḍalassa porāṇena aggaññena akkharena abhinibbatti ahosi tesaṃyeva sattānaṃ anaññesaṃ, sadisānaṃyeva no asadisānaṃ, dhammeneva, no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
135PTS 3.96已对照

“婆私吒,曾有这样的时候:刹帝利也呵责自己的法,从家出家、成为无家者:‘我要成为沙门。’婆私吒,婆罗门也……乃至……吠舍也……乃至……婆私吒,首陀罗也呵责自己的法,从家出家、成为无家者:‘我要成为沙门。’婆私吒,正是从这四众中,沙门众生起了,[生]于那些众生自身,不于他者;于同类,不于异类;依法,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

135. ‘‘Ahu kho so, vāseṭṭha, samayo, yaṃ khattiyopi sakaṃ dhammaṃ garahamāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati – ‘samaṇo bhavissāmī’ti. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha, sakaṃ dhammaṃ garahamāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati – ‘samaṇo bhavissāmī’ti. Imehi kho, vāseṭṭha, catūhi maṇḍalehi samaṇamaṇḍalassa abhinibbatti ahosi, tesaṃyeva sattānaṃ anaññesaṃ, sadisānaṃyeva no asadisānaṃ, dhammeneva no adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
Duccaritādikathā
136缅 3.80已对照

恶行等之说

“婆私吒,刹帝利以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行,是持邪见者、受持邪见业者,由于受持邪见业之故,身坏命终之后往生苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。婆私吒,婆罗门也……乃至……婆私吒,吠舍也……婆私吒,首陀罗也……婆私吒,沙门也以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行,是持邪见者、受持邪见业者,由于受持邪见业之故,身坏命终之后往生苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。“婆私吒,刹帝利以身行善行、以语行善行、以意行善行,是持正见者、受持正见业者,由于受持正见业之故,身坏命终之后往生善趣、天界。婆私吒,婆罗门也……乃至……婆私吒,吠舍也……婆私吒,首陀罗也……婆私吒,沙门也以身行善行、以语行善行、以意行善行,是持正见者、受持正见业者,由于受持正见业之故,身坏命终之后往生善趣、天界。

136. ‘‘Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā micchādiṭṭhiko micchādiṭṭhikammasamādāno [idaṃ padaṃ sī. ipotthakesu natthi] micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha… samaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā micchādiṭṭhiko micchādiṭṭhikammasamādāno micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati.
‘‘Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā sammādiṭṭhiko sammādiṭṭhikammasamādāno [idaṃ padaṃ sī. pī. potthakesu natthi] sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha… samaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā sammādiṭṭhiko sammādiṭṭhikammasamādāno sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
137PTS 3.97已对照

“婆私吒,刹帝利以身作二者、以语作二者、以意作二者,是持杂见者、受持杂见业者,由于受持杂见业之故,身坏命终之后领受苦与乐。婆私吒,婆罗门也……乃至……婆私吒,吠舍也……婆私吒,首陀罗也……婆私吒,沙门也以身作二者、以语作二者、以意作二者,是持杂见者、受持杂见业者,由于受持杂见业之故,身坏命终之后领受苦与乐。

137. ‘‘Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena dvayakārī, vācāya dvayakārī, manasā dvayakārī, vimissadiṭṭhiko vimissadiṭṭhikammasamādāno vimissadiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu [vimissadiṭṭhiko vimissakammasamādāno vimissakammasamādānahetu (syā.), vītimissadiṭṭhiko vītimissadiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu (sī. pī.)] kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī hoti. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha …pe… vessopi kho, vāseṭṭha… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha… samaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena dvayakārī, vācāya dvayakārī, manasā dvayakārī, vimissadiṭṭhiko vimissadiṭṭhikammasamādāno vimissadiṭṭhikammasamādānahetu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī hoti.
Bodhipakkhiyabhāvanā
138已对照

菩提分的修习

“婆私吒,刹帝利于身防护、于语防护、于意防护,依七菩提分法的修习,就在现法中般涅槃。婆私吒,婆罗门也……乃至……婆私吒,吠舍也……婆私吒,首陀罗也……婆私吒,沙门也于身防护、于语防护、于意防护,依七菩提分法的修习,就在现法中般涅槃。

138. ‘‘Khattiyopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto sattannaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanamanvāya diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyati [parinibbāti (ka.)]. Brāhmaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha…pe… vessopi kho vāseṭṭha… suddopi kho, vāseṭṭha … samaṇopi kho, vāseṭṭha, kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto sattannaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanamanvāya diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyati.
139缅 3.81已对照

“婆私吒,这四种姓中,凡成为比丘而是阿罗汉、诸漏已尽、[梵行]已立、所作已办、重担已卸、己利已达、有结已尽、以正智解脱者,他便被说为其中的最上者——是依法而说,不依非法。婆私吒,法于人众中最胜,于现法与来世皆然。

139. ‘‘Imesañhi, vāseṭṭha, catunnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ yo hoti bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto so nesaṃ aggamakkhāyati dhammeneva. No adhammena. Dhammo hi, vāseṭṭha, seṭṭho janetasmiṃ diṭṭhe ceva dhamme abhisamparāyañca.
140PTS 3.98已对照

“婆私吒,梵天常童子(Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra)也说过这首偈颂——

“‘刹帝利于人众中最尊——

对那些依凭氏族者而言;

明与行具足者,

他于天与人中最尊。’

“婆私吒,梵天常童子的这首偈颂确实是善唱而非恶唱,善说而非恶说,具足义利而非无义利,为我所认可。婆私吒,我也这样说——

“‘刹帝利于人众中最尊——

对那些依凭氏族者而言;

明与行具足者,

他于天与人中最尊。’”

世尊说了这些。婆私吒与婆罗堕婆阇满意、欢喜世尊之所说。第四《起世因本经》完。

140. ‘‘Brahmunā pesā, vāseṭṭha, sanaṅkumārena gāthā bhāsitā –
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
‘‘Sā kho panesā, vāseṭṭha, brahmunā sanaṅkumārena gāthā sugītā, no duggītā. Subhāsitā, no dubbhāsitā. Atthasaṃhitā, no anatthasaṃhitā. Anumatā mayā. Ahampi, vāseṭṭha, evaṃ vadāmi –
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Aggaññasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.