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长部第31经 · 善生经 Siṅgālasuttaṃ

242PTS 3.180缅 3.146已对照

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林(Veḷuvana)迦兰陀园(Kalandakanivāpa)。那时,居士子善生(Siṅgālaka)清晨起身,出王舍城,湿衣、湿发,合掌礼拜各方——东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。

242. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako [sigālako (sī.)] gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā [puthuddisā (sī. syā. pī.)] namassati – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.
243PTS 3.181已对照

那时,世尊在上午穿好衣,取钵与衣,进入王舍城乞食。世尊看见居士子善生清晨起身,出王舍城,湿衣、湿发,合掌礼拜各方——东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。看见后,[世尊]对居士子善生这样说:“居士子,你为什么清晨起身,出王舍城,湿衣、湿发,合掌礼拜各方——东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方呢?”“尊者,我父亲临命终时这样对我说:‘孩子,你应当礼拜诸方。’尊者,我恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养父亲的话,因此清晨起身,出王舍城,湿衣、湿发,合掌礼拜各方——东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。”

243. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti? ‘‘Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca – ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti.
Cha disā
244缅 3.147已对照

“居士子,在圣者之律中,诸方不是这样礼拜的。”“可是,尊者,在圣者之律中,六方应当怎样礼拜呢?善哉,尊者,愿世尊为我说法,[使我知道]在圣者之律中六方应当怎样礼拜。” “那么,居士子,你要谛听,好好作意,我要说了。”“是的,尊者。”居士子善生回答世尊。世尊这样说: “居士子,当圣弟子的四种业垢已断,不由四处造作恶业,不亲近六种损耗财物之门时,他这样离了十四种恶,成为遮护六方者,是为胜两世而行道者。他此世已得成办,他世也[得成办]。他身坏命终之后,往生善趣天界。

244. ‘‘Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti.
‘‘Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī [paṭicchādī hoti (syā.)] ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
Cattārokammakilesā
245PTS 3.182已对照

“[他的]哪四种业垢已断呢?居士子,杀生是业垢,不与取是业垢,欲邪行是业垢,虚妄语是业垢。这[四]种业垢[于他]已断。”世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说: “杀生与不与取, 以及所说的虚妄语; 还有行于他人之妻—— 诸智者不称赞[这些]。”

245. ‘‘Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna [idaṃ vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;
Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti.
Catuṭṭhānaṃ
246已对照

“由哪四处不造作恶业呢?趣于欲的偏行者造作恶业,趣于瞋的偏行者造作恶业,趣于痴的偏行者造作恶业,趣于怖的偏行者造作恶业。居士子,当圣弟子既不趣于欲的偏行,也不趣于瞋的偏行,不趣于痴的偏行,不趣于怖的偏行时,他就不由这四处造作恶业。”世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说: “凡因欲、因瞋、因怖、因痴 而违越于法者, 他的名声便衰减, 犹如黑分的月亮。 “凡因欲、因瞋、因怖、因痴 而不违越于法者, 他的名声便圆满, 犹如白分的月亮。”

246. ‘‘Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
Nihīyati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], kāḷapakkheva candimā.
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;
Āpūrati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], sukkapakkheva [juṇhapakkheva (ka.)] candimā’’ti.
Cha apāyamukhāni
247缅 3.148已对照

“不亲近哪六种损耗财物之门呢?居士子,从事饮谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因,是损耗财物之门;从事非时游行街巷,是损耗财物之门;常赴戏会,是损耗财物之门;从事赌博放逸之因,是损耗财物之门;从事亲近恶友,是损耗财物之门;从事懈怠,是损耗财物之门。

247. ‘‘Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo [ālasānuyogo (sī. syā. pī.)] bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.
Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā
248PTS 3.183已对照

“居士子,从事饮谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因,有这六种过患:现见的财物损失,增长争斗,是诸病之处,生起恶名,显露[应]羞[之处],第六项则是使慧力羸弱。居士子,这就是从事饮谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因的六种过患。

248. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni [dhanañjāni (sī. pī.)], kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī, paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā
249已对照

“居士子,从事非时游行街巷,有这六种过患:自身不被守护、不被保护,妻子儿女也不被守护、不被保护,财产也不被守护、不被保护,又于诸恶事之处受人猜疑,不实之言也加于他身,并且为众多苦法所前导。居士子,这就是从事非时游行街巷的六种过患。”

249. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu [tesu tesu ṭhānesu (syā.)], abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā
250已对照

“居士子,常赴戏会,有这六种过患:[他心想]‘哪里有跳舞?哪里有唱歌?哪里有音乐?哪里有说书?哪里有击掌乐?哪里有瓮鼓乐?’居士子,这就是常赴戏会的六种过患。”

250. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva [kuvaṃ (ka. sī. pī.)] naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.
Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā
251缅 3.149已对照

“居士子,从事赌博放逸之因,有这六种过患:胜者招怨,负者忧其所失之财,现见的财物损失,至集会中所言不被采纳,为朋友与僚属所轻蔑,不为嫁娶者所求——‘这个人是赌徒,不足以养妻室。’居士子,这就是从事赌博放逸之因的六种过患。”

251. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa [sabhāye tassa (ka.)] vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti – ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā
252PTS 3.184已对照

“居士子,从事亲近恶友,有这六种过患:凡是赌徒、凡是耽嗜者(soṇḍā)、凡是嗜饮者(pipāsā)、凡是行诈者、凡是欺诳者、凡是凶暴者,这些人就成了他的朋友、他的同伴。居士子,这就是从事亲近恶友的六种过患。

252. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.
Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā
253PTS 3.185缅 3.150已对照

“居士子,从事懈怠,有这六种过患:说‘太冷’而不作事,说‘太热’而不作事,说‘太晚’而不作事,说‘太早’而不作事,说‘我太饿’而不作事,说‘我太饱’而不作事。当他这样多以事务为托辞而住时,未生的财物不生起,已生的财物也走向消尽。居士子,这就是从事懈怠的六种过患。”世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说: “有名为饮伴的朋友, 有当面口称‘友、友’的人; 而在诸事发生时 能作伴助者,那才是朋友。 “日高而卧、亲近他人之妻, 结怨与作无益, 恶友与极悭吝—— 这六处使人败坏。 “恶友、恶伴, 行恶而行境亦恶; 此世与他世, 此人于两[世]俱败坏。 “赌博、女色、饮酒、歌舞, 昼寝、非时游行, 恶友与极悭吝—— 这六处使人败坏。 “他们以骰子赌博、饮酒, 往就他人视之如命的女子; 亲近卑劣者而不亲近尊长, 便如黑分之月而亏损。 “凡贫穷无所有而[耽]酒者, 口渴而入酒肆饮酒, 他便如入水中一般陷入债里, 很快使自己的家族失所依。 “习于昼寝、厌恶夜起, 常醉的酒徒—— [这样的人]是不能维持家室的。 “‘太冷了’‘太热了’‘这已太晚了’—— 如此舍弃事业者, 诸利益便从年轻人身边流过。 “凡于此不把寒与热 看得比草更重, 作丈夫应作之事者, 他便不会失去安乐。”

253. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Hoti pānasakhā nāma,
Hoti sammiyasammiyo;
Yo ca atthesu jātesu,
Sahāyo hoti so sakhā.
‘‘Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,
Verappasavo [verappasaṅgo (sī. syā. pī.)] ca anatthatā ca;
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
‘‘Pāpamitto pāpasakho,
Pāpaācāragocaro;
Asmā lokā paramhā ca,
Ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.
‘‘Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ,
Divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle;
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
‘‘Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti,
Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ;
Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī [vuddhisevī (syā.), buddhisevī (ka.)],
Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.
‘‘Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,
Pipāso pivaṃ papāgato [pipāsosi atthapāgato (syā.), pipāsopi samappapāgato (ka.)];
Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati,
Akulaṃ [ākulaṃ (syā. ka.)] kāhiti khippamattano.
‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā [rattinuṭṭhānadassinā (sī. pī.), rattinuṭṭhānasīlinā (?)];
Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.
‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;
Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.
‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;
Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ [sukhā (sabbattha) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] na vihāyatī’’ti.
Mittapatirūpakā
254已对照

“居士子,应当了知有这四种非友而似友者:应当了知一味索取者是非友而似友者,应当了知只以言语[为极]者是非友而似友者,应当了知谄媚顺语者是非友而似友者,应当了知损耗之伴是非友而似友者。

254. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
255PTS 3.186已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知一味索取者是非友而似友者:

255. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
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他一味索取,与少而望多;

‘‘Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati;
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因怖畏而作应作之事,为[自己的]利益而亲近。

Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.
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居士子,应当由这四处了知一味索取者是非友而似友者。

‘‘Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
256已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知只以言语[为极]者是非友而似友者:他以过去[之事]款待,以未来[之事]款待,以无义利[之语]笼络,于现前的应作之事表示无能为力。居士子,应当由这四处了知只以言语[为极]者是非友而似友者。

256. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati [paṭisandharati (ka.)], anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
257已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知谄媚顺语者是非友而似友者:他也赞同[你的]恶事,也赞同[你的]善事,当面称赞[你],背后毁訾[你]。居士子,应当由这四处了知谄媚顺语者是非友而似友者。

257. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa [pāpakammaṃpissa (syā.)] anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
258缅 3.152已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知损耗之伴是非友而似友者:他是从事饮谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因的同伴,是从事非时游行街巷的同伴,是常赴戏会的同伴,是从事赌博放逸之因的同伴。居士子,应当由这四处了知损耗之伴是非友而似友者。”

258. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo’’ti.
259已对照

世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说: “一味索取的‘友’, 以及只以言语[为极]的‘友’; 说谄媚顺语的, 以及损耗中的‘伴’—— “智者了知这四种非友之后, 应当远远回避, 如避险恶的道路一般。”

259. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo [vacīparamo (syā.)];
Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.
Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti.
Suhadamitto
260PTS 3.187已对照

“居士子,应当了知有这四种善心之友:应当了知助益者是善心之友,应当了知同甘苦者是善心之友,应当了知说义利者是善心之友,应当了知悲悯者是善心之友。

260. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro [upakārako (syā.)] mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
261已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知助益者是善心之友:他守护放逸者,守护放逸者的财产,于恐惧者作依怙,于所生起的应作之事上给予加倍的资财。居士子,应当由这四处了知助益者是善心之友。

261. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
262已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知同甘苦者是善心之友:他把自己的秘密告诉[友人],也为[友人]隐藏秘密,于诸祸患中不舍弃[友人],甚至为[友人]之故舍弃生命。居士子,应当由这四处了知同甘苦者是善心之友。

262. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
263缅 3.153已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知说义利者是善心之友:他遮止[友人]于恶,安立[友人]于善,使[友人]听闻未曾闻的,为[友人]指示生天之道。居士子,应当由这四处了知说义利者是善心之友。

263. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
264已对照

“居士子,应当由四处了知悲悯者是善心之友:他不因[友人]的不幸而欢喜,因[友人]的兴盛而欢喜,遮止毁訾[友人]的人,称赞称誉[友人]的人。居士子,应当由这四处了知悲悯者是善心之友。”

264. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo’’ti.
265PTS 3.188已对照

世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说: “助益之友, 以及苦乐中相伴之友; 说义利之友, 以及悲悯之友—— “智者了知这四种友之后, 应当恭敬地亲近, 如母亲之于亲生子; 具足戒的智者, 如燃烧的火焰般照耀。 “积聚财物者, 如蜜蜂[采蜜]而行; 财物便聚积起来, 如蚁垤之渐次增高。 “这样积聚了财物之后, 足以任家事的在家者, 应当把财物分作四分—— 他确实能结交朋友。 “应以一分受用财物, 以两分经营事业; 第四分则应当储蓄, 以备诸祸患时之用。”

265. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe [sukhadukkho (syā. ka.)] ca yo sakhā [yo ca mitto sukhe dukkhe (sī. pī.)];
Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.
‘‘Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ;
Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.
‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;
Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.
‘‘Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā [samāharitvā (syā.)], alamatto kule gihī;
Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.
‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti.
Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ
266PTS 3.189缅 3.154已对照

“居士子,圣弟子如何成为遮护六方者呢?居士子,应当了知这六方:东方应知为父母,南方应知为师长,西方应知为妻子儿女,北方应知为朋友与僚属,下方应知为奴仆与雇工,上方应知为沙门与婆罗门。

266. ‘‘Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.
267已对照

“居士子,儿子应以五处奉事东方——父母:‘我曾受他们抚养,我当奉养他们;我当为他们作应作之事;我当住持家系;我当承受遗产;又,对已命终的诸亡者(peta),我当奉献供施。’居士子,被儿子以这五处奉事的东方——父母,以五处悲悯儿子:遮止[他]于恶,安立[他]于善,教[他]学习技艺,为[他]结合相称的妻室,适时把遗产交付[他]。居士子,被儿子以这五处奉事的东方——父母,以这五处悲悯儿子。他的这东方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。

267. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā – bhato ne [nesaṃ (bahūsu)] bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti [niyyātenti (ka. sī.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
268PTS 3.190已对照

“居士子,弟子应以五处奉事南方——师长:以起立[相迎]、以侍奉、以乐闻、以服事、以恭敬地领受技艺。居士子,被弟子以这五处奉事的南方——师长,以五处悲悯弟子:善加调教,使[他]善加把握[所学],于一切技艺学问悉皆宣说,于朋友与僚属间[为他]引荐,于诸方为[他]作保护。居士子,被弟子以这五处奉事的南方——师长,以这五处悲悯弟子。他的这南方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。

268. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena [sippaṃ paṭiggahaṇena (syā.), sippauggahaṇena (ka.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti – suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti [paṭivedenti (syā.)], disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
269缅 3.155已对照

“居士子,丈夫应以五处奉事西方——妻子:以尊敬、以不轻蔑、以不逾越[之行]、以授予主权、以给予装饰。居士子,被丈夫以这五处奉事的西方——妻子,以五处悲悯丈夫:善理家务,善摄眷属随从,不逾越[之行],守护所积聚的[财物],于一切事务上精敏而不懈怠。居士子,被丈夫以这五处奉事的西方——妻子,以这五处悲悯丈夫。他的这西方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。

269. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – sammānanāya anavamānanāya [avimānanāya (syā. pī.)] anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati – susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā [susaṅgahitaparijanā (sī. syā. pī.)] ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
270已对照

“居士子,良家子应以五处奉事北方——朋友与僚属:以布施、以爱语、以利行、以同事、以不欺诳。居士子,被良家子以这五处奉事的北方——朋友与僚属,以五处悲悯良家子:守护放逸者,守护放逸者的财产,于恐惧者作依怙,于诸祸患中不舍弃,也敬重他的后嗣。居士子,被良家子以这五处奉事的北方——朋友与僚属,以这五处悲悯良家子。他的这北方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。

270. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – dānena peyyavajjena [viyavajjena (syā. ka.)] atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
271PTS 3.191已对照

“居士子,主人应以五处奉事下方——奴仆与雇工:以随其能力分派工作、以给予饮食与工资、以病时看护、以分与稀有的美味、以适时给假。居士子,被主人以这五处奉事的下方——奴仆与雇工,以五处悲悯主人:先起,后卧,取所给予的[而不取所不予的],善作工作,传扬[主人的]称誉与美名。居士子,被主人以这五处奉事的下方——奴仆与雇工,以这五处悲悯主人。他的这下方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。

271. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena [ayirakena (sī. syā. pī.)] heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti – pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
272缅 3.156已对照

“居士子,良家子应以五处奉事上方——沙门与婆罗门:以慈的身业、以慈的语业、以慈的意业、以不闭门户、以给予财物。居士子,被良家子以这五处奉事的上方——沙门与婆罗门,以六处悲悯良家子:遮止[他]于恶,安立[他]于善,以善心悲悯[他],使[他]听闻未曾闻的,令[他]已闻的得以清净,为[他]指示生天之道。居士子,被良家子以这五处奉事的上方——沙门与婆罗门,以这六处悲悯良家子。他的这上方就这样得到遮护,安稳而无怖畏。”

272. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā’’ti.
273已对照

世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说:

273. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
已对照

“父母为东方,师长为南方;

‘‘Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;
PTS 3.192已对照

妻子儿女为西方,朋友与僚属为北方。

Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.
已对照

“奴仆与雇工为下方,沙门与婆罗门为上方;

‘‘Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;
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足以任家事的在家者,应当礼敬这些方。

Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.
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“智者具足戒,柔和而有辩才;

‘‘Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;
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举止谦下而不刚愎,这样的人得名声。

Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
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“奋起而不懈怠,于诸祸患中不动摇;

‘‘Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;
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行事不断绝而有慧,这样的人得名声。

Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
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“摄受者、结友者,宽仁而离悭吝;

‘‘Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
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是引导者、教导者、劝导者,这样的人得名声。

Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
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“布施与爱语,以及此中的利行,

‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;
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与于诸法上的同事,于种种处随其所应——

Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;
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这些就是世间的摄事,如行进之车的轴键。

Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
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“若无这些摄事,母亲便不会因子之故

‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;
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而得到尊敬或供养,父亲也不会因子之故[而得]。

Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
已对照

“正因诸智者正观这些摄事,

‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā [saṅgahe (ka.) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ icchitapāṭho] ete, sammapekkhanti [samavekkhanti (sī. pī. ka.)] paṇḍitā;
PTS 3.193已对照

所以他们得大[名],且为人所称赞。”

Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti.
274缅 3.157已对照

如是说时,居士子善生对世尊这样说:“奇哉!尊者,奇哉!尊者。尊者,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,世尊以种种方式开显了法。尊者,我皈依(saraṇa)世尊、法(dhamma)与比丘僧团(bhikkhusaṅgha)。愿世尊忆持我为优婆塞(upāsaka),从今日起,终生皈依。” 《善生经》第八,终。

274. Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
Siṅgālasuttaṃ [siṅgālovādasuttantaṃ (pī.)] niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.